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PubMed1990

[Light microscopy and electron microscopy study of the lymphatic capillaries of human dental pulp].

The existence and the morphological characteristics of the lymphatic capillaries of the dental pulp have been and are yet discussed. In this study the morphological properties of the lymphatic capillaries of the healthy human dental pulp have been described at light and electron microscopy. For the investigation human enclosed incisive and canine teeth surgically extracted and permanent premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were used. On semithin sections the lymph capillaries are detectable as vessels of 15-50 microns in diameter with a very irregular shape and a subtle wall. No pericytes or muscular cells surround the endothelial lining. At ultrastructural level the lymph capillaries show a very thin and indented wall with protrusions towards the vessels lumen or the interstitium. The connections between adjacent endothelial cells are different and variously shaped: end to end contacts, overlapping between cellular protrusions and complex interdigitations among multiple protrusions of the endothelial cells. Sometimes the overlappings between endothelial cells determine intraparietal channels in communications with the interstitium and the vessel lumen. A discontinuous basal lamina and a network of filaments and fibrils surround the endothelial wall. Between the cytoplasmic organelles micropinocytotic vesicles, multivesicular bodies and the Weibel-Palade bodies are present.

Basement Membrane↗

PubMed1994

Comparison of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, polymorphonuclear neutrophil cathepsin-G, and alpha 2-macroglobulin levels in healthy and inflamed dental pulps.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are found in dental pulp secondary to carious exposures, periodontal disease, or trauma. Lysosomal degranulation of these cells liberates cellular proteases, including elastase (PMN-E) and cathepsin-G (PMN-CG), which produce connective tissue degradation. However, nonspecific pulpal tissue destruction can be modified by a naturally occurring serum protease inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin (A2-M). This study relates the concentrations of human PMN-E, PMN-CG, and A2-M in healthy and inflamed pulpal samples. Evaluation of 21 specimens yielded statistically significant differences between healthy and moderate to severely inflamed pulps for all groups (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was detected among human PMN-E, PMN-CG, and A2-M in the healthy tissues (P > 0.05). However, in the moderate to severely inflamed pulps, there was a significant correlation between PMN-CG and A2-M (p < 0.05).

Cathepsin G↗

PubMed1984

Properties of kininase in rat dental pulp.

A kininase, capable of degrading bradykinin, was partially purified from the dental pulp of rats, and its properties were investigated. Chromatography on both Sephadex G-200 and DEAE Sephadex A-50 columns gave a single peak of kininase activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme, estimated by gel filtration, was about 67,000, and the optimum pH for the enzymatic reaction was about 7.5. The enzyme appears to contain a labile SH group(s) that is essential for its activity, because CdCl2, HgCl2 (0.1 mM each), and p-chloromercuric benzoate (0.05 mM) inhibited the enzyme completely, while dithiothreitol retarded the loss of activity during storage. Of various peptides tested, bradykinin was the substrate most sensitive for the enzyme. The enzyme released several amino acids located in the C-terminal regions of bradykinin--angiotensin I and neurotensin--but only one C-terminal amino acid from des-Arg9--bradykinin and angiotensin II. In contrast, the enzyme did not release any amino acids from substance P, of which only the two amino acids in the N-terminal region are the same as those of bradykinin, but its C-terminal is blocked by an amino group. Although the enzyme was not so highly purified as to rule out the contribution of other peptidases, these results suggest that the dental pulp of rats may contain a single enzyme that degrades bradykinin, and the enzyme may be a type of carboxypeptidase, differing from known kininases from other animal sources.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1995

Donor variability in the proliferation of human dental pulp fibroblasts.

Fibroblasts were isolated from human dental pulps of healthy third molars from 49 donors of ages ranging from 17 to 68. Significant variability was noted in the success of obtaining primary cultures from these pulps. Variability between the various cultures was also observed in the reliability of maintaining subcultures of the primary cultures as well as recovery from frozen stocks of established cell lines. Of the original 49 explant cultures studied, only three survived long-term passage and freezing. In addition to difficulties and variability in establishing cell lines, the human pulp fibroblasts also showed great variability in proliferative activity which could not be accounted for by donor age, source, or passage number. These findings highlight significant difficulties in establishing reliable human pulp fibroblast cultures and the need for great care in interpreting any in vitro data.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Effects of adenovirus-mediated human bone morphogenetic protein-7 on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of adenovirus expressing human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (hBMP-7) on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. METHODS: The replication-deficient adenoviral vector encoding hBMP-7 gene was constructed by using homologous recombinant modality. The efficiency of transfection was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The expression of hBMP-7 protein in adenovirus-infected dental pulp cells was determined by Western blot. The proliferation of cells was tested by MTT method, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was assayed, von Kossa staining was used to detect mineralized nodule formation, and the expression of DSPPmRNA in cells was detected using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Green fluorescent protein was visible under fluorescent microscopy. Higher transfection efficiency (91.1 +/- 1.0)% could be obtained at MOI of 75. Western blot from dental pulp cells infected with Ad-hBMP-7 for 48h detected protein expression of a hBMP-7 gene. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in cells was significantly higher than those of the control groups (P < 0.05). The cells infected with Ad-hBMP-7 had the ability of mineralization. DSPP mRNA expression of cells was in a time- and dose- dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Ad-hBMP-7 can induce human pulp cells into odontoblasts, but has no obvious effect on their proliferation.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed2001

[Narrowing of the dental pulp cavity in patients undergoing long-term administration of steroids].

The purpose of this study was to examine narrowing of the dental pulp cavity in patients undergoing long-term administration of steroids, by means of intraoral radiographs. The subjects were 20 patients under long-term steroid treatment (the steroid group), and 15 patients who were not receiving steroids (the non-steroid group), who visited the Clinic for Persons with Disabilities, University Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, between April 1994 and March 2000. The dental pulp cavity was divided into the coronal area and the root area. Narrowing of each area was classified into three stages by means of intraoral radiographs (0, none; 1, moderate; 2, severe). Maxillary and mandibular dentition was divided, for purposes of analysis, into anterior, premolar, and molar areas, respectively. The narrowing of each part was statistically compared between the steroid group and the non-steroid group, using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Mean age +/- SD of the steroid group and the non-steroid group was 50.5 +/- 17.3 and 51.8 +/- 14.1, respectively. There was no significant difference in mean age between the steroid group and the non-steroid group (t-test). Narrowing of the dental pulp cavity in the steroid group was significantly greater than in the non-steroid group, except in the root area of the molar part. Since there was no significant difference in mean age between the steroid group and the non-steroid group, the greater narrowing in the steroid group was concluded to be attributable to the long-term administration of steroids.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

The effect of pulpotomy using CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers on dental pulp tissue.

The histological response of the dental pulp after laser irradiation was studied. After pulpotomy was performed in the premolar and molar teeth of dogs, the exposed pulp tissue at the root canal opening was lased using either a CO2 or Nd:YAG laser. The laser parameters were 2 W, 10 ms, 5 times per second for 1, 2 and 3 s for CO2 laser and 2 W, 20 pulses per second for 1, 2 and 3 s for the Nd:YAG laser. Observations were made 30 and 45 days after treatment. The results revealed that laser irradiation caused carbonization, necrosis, infiltration of inflammation cells, oedema and haemorrhage in the pulp tissue. Under the conditions of this experiment, there was little histological evidence of repair to the treated pulp with a newly formed dentine barrier, which was in contrast to the control samples treated with a calcium hydroxide-containing cement (Dycal).

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied