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PubMedDate not supplied

Control of measles in Czechoslovakia (CSSR).

Mass immunization against measles in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (CSSR) began in 1969 and utilized the Czechoslovak vaccine, which corresponds in its parameters to the further-attenuated measles vaccines. The immunization rate for relevant age groups of the population (i.e., children born in 1968-1980) is already 98%-99% in 1982. Measles morbidity decreased to less than 2% of the incidence before the introduction of immunization, and the mortality now is practically negligible. The decade 1972-1982 produced significant changes in epidemiologic characteristics of measles. Of importance is the gradual shift in the age distribution of affected children to older, nonimmunized age groups. Results of yearly immunologic surveys of a broad, randomly selected population sample have become the decisive criteria for evaluation of vaccine efficacy. The program of revaccination of all children was chosen as the optimal strategy for maintaining measles elimination. This program aims at ensuring a level of herd immunity in the whole population of greater than or equal to 95%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Aminoglycoside resistance patterns in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Czechoslovakia.

Multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated mainly from urine specimens from patients at the Department of Urology, Kramáre Hospital, Bratislava, were characterized for resistance phenotype. Seventeen gentamicin-resistant isolates were further studied for the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Five enzymes were detected: AAC(2'), AAC(3)-II, AAC non-characterized, ANT(2") and APH(3')-I. The substrate range of these enzymes was found to correlate with the resistance phenotype in most isolates. In our collection the AAC(3)-II enzyme that inactivates gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin and netilmicin was predominant. Predominance of this type of modifying enzyme has been observed also in resistant Gram-negative strains in Belgium, The Netherlands and Chile, in contrast to the United States, Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, Greece and Turkey, where ANT(2") has been the most common enzyme.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1991

Human postmortem thyroid 131I content and risk estimates in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia following the Chernobyl accident.

From 3 May to 4 August 1986, thyroids of 416 postmortem subjects in Bratislava (population: approximately 400,000) were measured for 131I. Subsequently, dose rates in this organ for the day of exitus were calculated. Mean dose commitments were estimated by integrating linear or quadratic-periodic regression lines drawn through scatterplots of logarithmically transformed daily dose rates. The mean dose-commitment estimates in thyroids of adults were 0.74 and 0.58 mGy for linear and quadratic-periodic regression, respectively. The same for thyroids obtained from donors of fetal to 18 y of age were 1.67 and 1.77 mGy for liner and quadratic-periodic regression, respectively. A comparison of the actual thyroid radiation burden with its theoretical values calculated in the first days of contamination of the environment showed that the models used were safe enough to protect the population. Estimates of absolute risk for thyroid cancer showed that excess incidence that could be expected as a result of the Chernobyl accident shall remain obscured by the "spontaneous" incidence of this disease at geographic localization.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Experimental transmission and electron microscopic demonstration of the virus of haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in Czechoslovakia.

Intramuscular administration of the filtrate of organ suspensions, prepared from a dead rabbit, killed 62.9% of inoculated rabbits within 1 to 5 days, while 93.3% died after intranasal administration of the same inoculum. The virus survived freeze-drying and was resistant to treatment with 0.4% formaldehyde when incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hour and 4 degrees C for the subsequent 12 hours, but lost its infectivity when the treatment was prolonged to 3 hours at 37 degrees C and 3 days at room temperature. Its infectivity was also inhibited by reconvalescent serum. The virus could not be detected after 3 passages in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures. Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations demonstrated icosahedral virus particles with a diameter of 29 to 33 nm without an envelope. Accurate morphological classification has not yet been completed. Incubation with a reconvalescent serum, diluted 1:20 or 1:40, resulted in the formation of immune complexes, detectable by electron microscopy.

Animals↗