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Some reflections on empathy and reciprocity in the use of countertransference between supervisor and supervisee.

Reciprocity refers in its general meaning to a mutual give and take. It is a background feature of all productive supervisory relationships. In this essay I want to bring it into the foreground. I will describe it by contrasting supervision and analysis. For, in my view, that is exactly what reciprocity is in the supervisory relationship: it is an attitude of mind in which the supervisor performs the task of differentiating internally the supervisory from the analytic vertex, in the context of the asymmetry of the supervisory relationship.

Countertransference↗

Psychological climate and countertransference in psychiatric treatment homes.

The associations between milieu therapists' feelings towards patients and the unit's psychological climate were studied at 21 small treatment homes for severely disturbed psychiatric patients. The milieu therapists filled out self-report instruments where they rated their feelings towards patients on a feeling-word checklist and their opinion about the psychological climate on a Bion-based scale. Scores on the climate scale were used as independent variables in a series of regression analyses, with scores on the feelings as the dependent variables. It was found that a substantial component of the average differences between units with regard to feelings towards patients could be attributed to the unit's climate. Correlations showed that units characterized by "Work' and "Pairing' had high scores for helpful and autonomous feelings, while unhelpful feelings were evoked in units characterized by "Dependency' and "Fight'. Close feelings were evoked in units characterized by "Dependency'.

Analysis of Variance↗