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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[False-negative antiglobulin-(Coombs-) test caused by anticomplement bovine albumin batches in the transfusion preparation].

Different brands of bovine albumins were tested as reagent in the second step of the so called 3-stage-screening test for irregular blood group antibodies. In 3 of 9 brands of bovine albumin there was anticomplementary activity which was the cause of diminished or negative reactions in the third stage of the screening test (antiglobulin stage). The disadvantageous brands of bovine albumin contained Na2-EDTA which revealed to be responsible for the anti-complementary activity.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1980

An unexpected positive direct Coombs' Test due to anti-Wra (Wrighta) antibody.

The serum of a female with a history of two spontaneous abortions and no transfusions demonstrated an unexpected antibody of Lewisa (lea) specificity on prenatal testing. The direct antiglobulin test performed on the cells of the cord blood specimen demonstrated a positive reaction. The offending antibody was eluted from the RBCs and identified as an anti-Wra (Wrighta).

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The radioactive antiglobulin (Coombs') test].

Weak red cell sensitization by hemolyzing antibodies may not be detected by the standard antiglobulin test. For the diagnosis of certain immune hemolytic anemias more sensitive methods are needed. Anti-IgG was purified as F(ab)2 by pepsin digestion and labelled with 125 I using the chloramine T method. 15 X 10(7) cells were washed and suspended in 0.1 ml of 6% albumin in saline. After incubation with 0.1 ml of 125 I-anti-IgG F(ab')2 for 30 minutes, the cells were washed and the uptake of radioactivity was counted using a gamma-counter. Standard cells were coated with a known concentration of an IgG anti-D preparation in the range of 50--1000 molecules per red cell. The sensitivity for the detection of red cell sensitization was at least 50 molecules per red cell. Because of varying binding ratios between the labelled anti-IgG reagent and different red cell antibodies the determination of the exact number of IgG molecules on the red cells is difficult. However, this very sensitive and reproducible method shows practical advantages in comparison with a complement fixation antibody consumption method with which corresponding results were obtained. Beside the evaluation of antiglobulin test negative autoimmune hemolytic anemias, this method may be applied for the determination of the specificity of weak red cell alloantibodies not detectable by standard blood bank procedures.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1991

[Value of the Coombs test in ABO incompatibility].

We studied the ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn in our neonatal unit to consider their serological aspects and clinical importance. 21% of all pregnancies were ABO incompatibles. The direct antiglobulin test was positive in 46 (11.3%) of them. The Elution was positive in all the newborns with direct antiglobulin test positive (Cd+). The anti-A o anti-B antibodies concentration in mothers was higher than 1/128 in 38 (84%). The C3d complement fraction was activated in two newborns. The infants Cd+ were born to group O mothers in all cases, and nobody was premature. Twelve (26%) of Cd+ presented jaundice which need phototherapy, and one moreover exchange transfusion. The direct antiglobulin test is very useful for detect the liable newborns of serious jaundice; therefore, we thing that is suitable to make this test in infants born to group O mothers. The newborns Cd+ did not have significant anemia at first three months of life.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Readmission for newborn jaundice: the value of the Coombs' test in predicting the need for phototherapy.

Current practice at our hospital is to perform a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on cord blood samples of all infants born to blood type O or Rh-negative mothers. Measurement of serum total bilirubin (STB) level and follow-up after discharge are at the discretion of the individual physician. The purposes of the present study were, first, to determine the clinical utility of performing a routine DAT and, second, to define the clinical characteristics of infants readmitted to the hospital for phototherapy. The study was done over a 1-year period extending from January 1 to December 31, 2000. A retrospective review of the DAT results of all infants born to type O or Rh-negative mothers was conducted. The 2 groups of infants included those who had a positive cord blood DAT and were treated with phototherapy and those who needed readmission to the hospital for phototherapy. We found that routine DAT testing of cord blood from term nonjaundiced infants born to O positive mothers is not necessary. Infants with 2 or more risk factors for jaundice irrespective of the results of the DAT are at an increased risk for needing readmission for phototherapy.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

[Quantitative Coombs' test in autoimmune hemolytic anemia].

The detection of iso- and autoantibodies to red cells and complement on the surface of erythrocytes has been studied in a continuous flow system using a single channel autoanalyzer. A macromolecule, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, is added to the washed cells in order to increase their aggregability. With this system it is possible to establish a direct relationship between the quantity of antibodies present on the surface of the cells and the red cells agglutinated by an antiglobulin serum. By this method it is possible to evaluate the degree of autoantibody coating of erythrocytes in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and to adjust therapy accordingly.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1995

Wasted health care dollars. Routine cord blood type and Coombs' testing.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if selective newborn cord blood testing (NCBT) could contain costs without increasing morbidity of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). DESIGN: A national telephone survey confirmed the common practice of routine blood type and Coombs' NCBT. Two 12-month study arms, retrospective and prospective, were conducted. Hemolytic disease of the newborn was studied retrospectively under an unrestricted NCBT policy. Then, HDN was studied after a policy change that restricted NCBT to patients in newborn intensive care units and normal newborns with clinical jaundice or Rh-negative mothers, and/or positive maternal antibody screenings, or unavailable maternal blood testing. PARTICIPANTS: All newborns (N = 8501) at the Metro-Health Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, were studied (retrospective arm, all 1989 admissions; prospective arm, all July 1990 to June 1991 admissions). OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood type and Coombs' NCBT, maternal blood type and antibody screening, Hobel risk scores for clinical severity of newborn hospitalization, duration of hospitalizations, and peak serum bilirubin levels. RESULTS: No quantitative or qualitative increases in morbidity from jaundice were detected by retrospective analysis with unrestricted NCBT, or prospectively after selective testing on 4498 newborns. Each study arm resulted in 15 readmissions for jaundice; these included two patients with ABO HDN. Furthermore, selective testing resulted in performance of NCBTs on only 390 infants in the "normal" nursery (24% of the original sample). Estimates projected on 1991 US births (4,111,000) showed that selective NCBT offers potential yearly savings above $30.8 million of patient charges, savings above $11.3 million of hospital costs, and the reassignment of more than 112 personnel full-time equivalents. CONCLUSION: Selective NCBT decreases the use of resources and costs without apparent additional patient morbidity from HDN.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1996

Species specificity of 2-aryl carbapenem-induced immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in primates.

L-695,256 is a novel 2-fluorenonyl carbapenem antibiotic with significant antimicrobial activity against strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. This prototype compound was administered intravenously to rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at does of 50 or 200 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks to assess toxicity and found to induce a hemolytic anemia characterized by extravascular hemolysis and splenomegaly. A subsequent study in this species in which 100 mg/kg/day was administered i.v. for 4 weeks showed that all animals were direct antiglobulin test (Coombs' test) positive for IgG with 20-25% reductions in the erythron. Following 3 weeks of recovery, the erythron had returned to normal, although it took an additional 2 months for the Coombs' test to become negative. Challenge of these same animals with 0.5 million U/kg (300 mg/kg/day) of penicillin intravenously indicated no apparent cross-reactivity. Since attempts to establish a model for this immune-mediated hemolytic anemia with this drug in rats or mice were unsuccessful, a 2-week i.v. study in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) was conducted at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day. All animals in this study remained Coombs' test negative with no changes in the erythron, suggesting an increased sensitivity to beta-lactam-induced anemia in rhesus monkeys compared to other species. Further support for this hypothesis was obtained using the cephalosporin antibiotic, cefotetan. This compound induced a high incidence of Coombs' test positive hemolytic anemia at clinically relevant doses in rhesus monkeys, despite a very low incidence of this adverse effect in patients with many years of clinical use. These data suggest that although rhesus monkeys respond in a qualitatively similar manner to humans with regard to high doses of beta-lactam antibiotics, their sensitivity may overestimate the risk of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia for clinical use.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗