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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Intrauterine contraceptive device use in patients with acute salpingitis.

The frequency of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) use among 144 hospitalized women with acute salpingitis was compared with that of 229 control women, who were symptomless sexual partners of men examined for non-gonococcal urethritis. The relative risk for salpingitis was higher for IUD than in the group of basal level of disease (p < 0.02). This was mostly caused by the high relative risk in the women with no deliveries. Oral contraceptives showed a contrary picture, the relative risk was significantly lower than on the basal level (p < 0.01). Non-gonococcal and gonococcal infections were equally represented in salpingitis patients with IUDs. The severity of the infection in IUD users did not differ from that of non-IUD users.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The place of progesterone in human contraception.

Progesterone, the natural hormone produced by the corpus luteum and other steroid-secreting glands, is endowed with antiestrogenic action and has a fundamental role in the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy and in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion. Although it was discovered half a century ago, it has found little clinical use as a therapeutic agent due to its low potency and extensive degradation following oral administration in comparison with a variety of highly potent synthetic analogs that became available in the last three decades. When delivered systemically, a large proportion of the dose bypasses degradation in the gut and liver, and progesterone can achieve effective levels in target tissues for clinical use. Sustained administration via compressed pellets implanted subdermally or silicone rubber rings placed in the vagina produced circulating levels of progesterone within the lower third of those found in the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle. Those levels were shown to delay the recovery of fertility in nursing women without adverse effects to the mother or the infant. Progesterone transferred to the babies via the breast milk did not change their rate of pregnandiol-3-alpha glucuronide excretion. It is concluded that sustained administration of the natural hormone progesterone may be an effective and safe contraceptive method for nursing women.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1988

A prospective study of past use of oral contraceptive agents and risk of cardiovascular diseases.

We evaluated the effects of past use of oral contraceptive agents on the risk of various cardiovascular diseases among women in the Nurses' Health Study cohort. We studied 119,061 women who were 30 to 55 years of age in 1976, who provided information on their use of oral contraceptives, and who at entry had had no previous coronary disease or stroke. End points were documented by medical records. During eight years of follow-up (484,096 person-years among those who had never used oral contraceptives, 415,488 among past users, and 22,376 among current users), there were 485 new cases of major coronary disease (380 nonfatal myocardial infarctions and 105 deaths from coronary disease), 282 strokes (205 nonfatal and 77 fatal), and 48 other deaths from cardiovascular causes. We found no evidence to suggest an increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases among past users of oral contraceptives, even with prolonged previous use. After adjustment for a variety of risk factors, the relative risk of major coronary disease for women who had used oral contraceptives in the past, as compared with those who had never used such agents, was 0.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 1.0); of stroke, 1.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.3); and of death from all cardiovascular causes, 0.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.2). We found neither evidence of increased risk with longer use nor any trend with the amount of time since the last use. According to these prospective data, the use of oral contraceptive agents in the past does not materially raise a woman's risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraception for the insulin-dependent diabetic woman: the view from one clinic.

Experience in a large diabetic clinic has confirmed the suspicion that insulin-dependent diabetic women are at considerably increased risk of thromboembolic disease if they take combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptive preparations. The most obvious alternative, an intrauterine device, is associated with an unexpectedly high failure rate, probably because of an unusual metabolic interaction with the diabetic endometrium. In a small group of diabetic women the progestogen-only pill was found to be a successful form of contraception not associated with any side effects except for menstrual irregularities. For most diabetic women the choice of contraceptive should therefore be between a progestogen-only pill and a mechanical method. Female sterilization and injectable progesterone each have their place in particular circumstances. Careful counseling of each patient is essential to ensure the best choice of contraceptive and correct application of the chosen method.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Contraceptive use effectiveness in Indonesia.

A brief review of recently tabulated contraceptive continuation and pregnancy rates for Java-Bali and their constituent provinces. It was found that IUD continuation rates are higher than those for either pill or condom although considerable variation occurs between provinces. East Java and Bali seem to be recording the most success in use-continuation, while the urban areas of Jakarta and Yogyakarta are having the least success. With respect to age and parity, the older, higher parity acceptors tend to use for longer periods of time irrespective of method used. Similarly, age and parity do not seem to affect the relationship between pill, IUD, and condom continuation rates. Examining reasons for termination, we find pill acceptors more likely to terminate for physical, emotional, or health reasons than either IUD or condom acceptors. When broken down by age and parity, the low age and parity groups show a much greater likelihood of termination in order to have an additional child.

Age Factors↗