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PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of a program to promote hepatitis B vaccination among adolescents in a school environment of Central Montreal].

OBJECTIVE: We developed a hepatitis B vaccination promotion project aimed at Montreal-area adolescents. A student leaflet, teacher's guide and classroom poster were developed. Our objectives were to have 25% of teachers give a course on hepatitis B and 25% of students begin vaccination against hepatitis B. METHOD: The promotional campaign was aimed at 100,000 students in 225 public and private secondary schools. The evaluation was carried out six months after the beginning of the campaign. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires to students (n = 206), teachers (n = 128) and school nurses (n = 30). RESULTS: Two thirds of teachers used the material and 45% gave a course on the subject. The teachers who gave the course felt knowledgeable about teaching the subject and felt that the subject was important. Six months after the beginning of the campaign, 38% of secondary students had received at least one dose of vaccine. CONCLUSION: The promotional material was appreciated by both students and teachers and used during secondary school classes. Teachers, when given appropriate tools and supported by school nurses, are highly motivated to pass on preventive heath messages to their students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

GCI: a network server for interactive 3D graphics.

The Graphics Command Interpreter (GCI) is an independent server module that can be interfaced to any program that needs interactive three-dimensional (3D) graphics capabilities. The principal advantage of GCI is its simplicity. Only a limited set of powerful features have been implemented, including object management, global and local transformations, rotation, translation, clipping, scaling, viewport operations, window management, menu handling and picking. GCI and the master (client) program it serves run concurrently, communicating over a local or remote TCP/IP network. GCI sets up socket communication and provides a 3D graphics window and a terminal emulator for the master program. Communication between the two programs is via ASCII strings over standard I/O channels. The implied language for messages is very simple. GCI interprets messages from the master program and implements them as changes of graphical objects or as text messages to the user. GCI provides the user with facilities to manipulate the view of the displayed 3D objects interactively, independently of the master program, and to communicate mouse-controlled selection of menu items or 3D points as well as keyboard strings to the master program. The program is written in C and initially implemented using the Silicon Graphics GL graphics library. As the need to link special libraries to the master program is completely avoided, GCI can very easily be interfaced to existing programs written in any language and running on any operating system capable of TCP/IP communication. The program is freely available.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

From the inside out: environmental agency views about communications with the public.

Relatively few studies have examined risk communication with the public from the viewpoint of the staff of institutions attempting such communications. This paper reports results of interviews with managers and staff of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, on their programs' current and ideal communications with the public. Q analysis revealed two orthogonal perspectives on current program communications, the Enthused and the Constrained views. The primary focus of their divergence was on the matter of commitment and support for such communications. The Enthused group felt that they had attitudinal support from program culture and managers; the Constrained group focused on the lack of concrete operational support in terms of time, money, and expertise. These differences between the two groups did not appear to be associated with gender, managerial status, education, communication training, or organizational unit. When ideal program communications were discussed, the focus was on the need for all kinds of commitment and support (i.e., culture, managers, time, money, building expertise through training), as well as on more proactive and responsive communication. Both perspectives agreed that communication with the public is essential to their programs' success, trying new ways to communicate is worthwhile, scientific bases for decisions are not compromised by communication, and communication is not delegated to specialists. While varying ideas were held of the public's capacity and interest in communication, citizens were largely not held responsible for communication problems.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Faculty development in communication skills instruction: insights from a longitudinal program with "real-time feedback".

Responsibility for teaching communication skills often falls to a multidisciplinary group of faculty who lack both a common model for teaching and prior experience teaching communication in small groups. This article describes East Tennessee State University's multifaceted faculty development program in teaching communication skills. The program was developed and implemented in three phases. First, a two-step Delphi approach helped identify core communication skills. Phase two gave faculty the opportunity to practice identifying communication teaching issues and effective strategies for working with small groups. The third phase involved the videotaping of faculty teaching small groups of students. These tapes were reviewed both individually and in faculty groups. The tapes were also reviewed by students, who provided realtime, moment-to-moment feedback to the faculty. Implementation and review of the program has helped to identify new strategies for effectively facilitating small-group teaching of communication skills.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation and treatment planning for patients with cleft lip and cleft palate.

The Oral-Facial and Communicative Disorders Program of the University of North Carolina has provided comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and inpatient and outpatient treatment for patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, and related problems for 22 years. A major aspect of the program is the initial diagnostic evaluation of patients and long-term follow-up evaluation of the results of treatment. The Oral-Facial and Communicative Disorders Program acts as both a consultant in providing requested information to referring professionals and agencies and also as a multi- and interdisciplinary treatment center. The nature of the evaluation process and the manner in which findings and recommendations are agreed upon in order that a comprehensive and coherent treatment plan can be established has been presented. It has been stressed that the needs of the patient can best be met by representatives from disciplines important to the diagnosis and management of patients with cleft lip and cleft palate who can meet together, and after discussion and negotiation arrive at a consensus for every aspect of treatment that is required, as well as a time that is most desirable for each patient.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Teaching communication skills: an AACE survey of oncology training programs.

BACKGROUND: The extent of communication skills training (CST) in American oncology fellowship programs is unknown. METHODS: A survey was sent to program directors of medical oncology, radiation oncology, gynecologic oncology, and surgical oncology training programs regarding (1) the presence and method(s) of CST in their programs, (2) their attitude about mandatory CST, and (3) their attitude about a mandatory assessment of communication skills competence as a prerequisite for specialty certification. RESULTS: Only a third of programs contained some form of CST. Surgical oncology programs were particularly lacking. Lack of faculty time was cited as the major barrier to implementing CST. A majority of program directors support mandatory CST but not a core competence requirement for certification. CONCLUSIONS: There is a current deficiency in CST in American oncology fellowship training. Given the importance of communication skills in the provision of high-quality cancer care, initiatives to address this deficiency are a priority.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed2001

Genetic counseling and risk communication services of newborn screening programs.

OBJECTIVES: Newborn screening test results labeled "positive" can have uncertain implications for parents, especially when false-positive results occur or when heterozygous infants are detected using molecular tests for sickle cell hemoglobinopathy or cystic fibrosis. This study surveyed communication services across state newborn screening programs. METHODS: We surveyed newborn screening programs to identify current communication practices and the methods used for quality assessment. Two successive survey instruments with fixed-answer and free-answer questions were distributed to screening program follow-up coordinators or similar designated officials associated with 52 states and territories. RESULTS: Replies from 46 respondents (89% response rate) revealed that regional newborn screening programs vary widely in their approaches to counseling. Of the 46 respondents, 35 (76%) answered that they "routinely" provide counseling services to families of affected infants. Depending on the disease, an average of approximately one-half that number provide counseling after false-positive results or for heterozygous infants. Most respondents advocate nondirective counseling more than direct advice. Most programs reported that counseling was usually done by subspecialist physicians or specially trained nurses and counselors. Respondents reported a perception that the "quality" of counseling by these professionals is better than counseling by primary care physicians. Few programs reported systems for assessing quality assurance of counseling. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn screening programs in the United States vary widely with regard to counseling practices, and no best practices are currently evident. Few programs provide counseling quality assurance. Further study and advocacy is needed to optimize communication services, preferably before implementation of molecular tests arising as a result of the Human Genome Project.

Communication↗
PubMed1989

Factors affecting the placement of preschool-aged deaf children.

The placement in and movement among preschool programs of 131 children with severe and profound hearing losses was monitored over four years. Longitudinal data were obtained on the children's linguistic and social development. In the first year of the study, most of the children were enrolled in auditory/oral (A/O) programs. By the final year, most were enrolled instead in total communication (TC) programs; similar movement occurred from individual to classroom programs. Children in A/O individual programs had the most hearing, highest intelligence and most favorable family profile, followed by children in A/O classes, TC individual programs, and TC classes. Scores on measures of spoken language followed the same pattern. On measures of receptive language and mother-child communication, children in A/O individual programs and those in TC classes had similar scores. Children in TC individual programs came next, and last were children in A/O classes. These findings have implications for the choice of programs for preschool deaf children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

An exploratory study of the interaction between language teaching methods and child characteristics.

The present study examined whether the relative efficacy of two language teaching methods was predicted by pretreatment subject characteristics. Forty handicapped preschoolers were randomly assigned to two language teaching methods (i.e., Milieu Teaching and the Communication Training Program). No main effects of treatment were found. However, seven statistical interactions between pretreatment subject characteristics and language teaching method indicated that lower-functioning children benefitted more from the Milieu method and higher-functioning children benefitted more from the Communication Training Program. The results were discussed in relation to the extant literature reporting subject-by-language-teaching-method interactions. The importance of replicating the present results and specific suggestions for subject selection criteria and pretreatment subject characteristics likely to interact with language teaching methods similar to those used in this study are discussed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steps in planning and developing health communication campaigns: a comment on CDC's framework for health communication.

This reviews the efforts of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to integrate effective health communication into its programs that are designed to change behaviors. Although the 10-step framework for developing and implementing the Centers' health communication programs is both practical and comprehensive, it is suggested that a reversal of steps 2 and 3 is a more logical sequence, is more consistent with the literature and, more importantly, could avoid misapplications of the framework by less experienced practitioners. Comment is also made on the dynamic nature of health communication planning and development, a point not made explicit in the Centers' framework.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1999

Is match ethics an oxymoron?

BACKGROUND: Graduate medical education has undergone economic and structural changes-changes that have placed increasing pressure on medical students and programs to match effectively. This study documents the experiences, perceptions, and ethical dilemmas of medical students with the 1998 match process. METHODS: Surveyed were 437 senior students from three medical schools. Students were questioned about: interviewing practices, communication with programs, commitments made, ethical dilemmas faced, and the match process itself. Data were analyzed using Student's t test, the chi-square test, and descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In all, 314 (72%) students responded. Programs expect postinterview communication from students (57%). Students perceive that programs are making "informal" commitments (43%), lying to them (33%), and encouraging their unethical behavior in order to match (21%). Ethical dilemmas are related to requests for informal commitments. CONCLUSIONS: The NRMP's ruling that denounces prematch commitments is being broken by students and programs alike, resulting in the promotion of unprofessional behavior and gamesmanship.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1995

[Neurolinguistic programming in physician-patient communication. Basic principles of the procedure--examples for application in surgery].

Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) is a means of improving physician-patient communication that can be learned by any doctor. The present article first describes some of the fundamentals of NLP and then provides examples taken from the field of surgery-in the first instance dealing with the treatment of painful conditions by means of trance or dissociation and, secondly, on the influencing of expectations and the restructuring (reframing) of doctrines in a patient with malignant disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Measurement of functional outcome in preschool children with neurogenic communication disorders.

Intervention programs for preschool children with neurogenic communication disorders are now being evaluated on their ability to achieve functional communication change. Documentation of functional gains in speech and language skills will likely determine who will deliver and receive intervention services in the future. However, few tools are available that measure functional gains in young children with severe communication deficits. This article discusses some of the issues that clinicians must consider when developing and using functional communication measures in a clinical service delivery setting.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1998

The written language of deaf adolescents: patterns of performance.

A study was conducted of the written language skills of a representative sample of 69 adolescents with severe and profound hearing losses, using both a standardized language sample (TOWL-2) and a letter. The overall results confirmed the generally low levels of performance typically found in this population and the existence of a developmental plateau. Nevertheless, performance levels were not uniformly low. The sample scored relatively high on measures of orthographic conventions and on semantics, but considerably lower on use of grammar. While females scored higher than males, and students in Auditory/Oral (A/O) programs scored higher than those in Total Communication (TC) programs, the profile of scores did not vary by group. In general, the letter elicited higher levels of performance than the standardized sample, although the latter elicited more grammatically complex writing. Factor analysis indicated that the various measures derived from the two samples were associated more strongly by genre than by levels of language form.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Recent experience with fortification of foods and beverages with iron for the control of iron-deficiency anemia in Brazilian children.

Iron-deficiency-anemia affects 30% of the world population. Women of reproductive age and children are the most affected. Iron supplementation in the form of tablets and syrups has not been successful in developing countries, and iron deficiency is still the most important deficiency related to malnutrition. Iron-deficiency anemia affects physical and cognitive development at an early age in children, often resulting in irreversible outcomes. Studies from the last two decades have shown that the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia can be reduced given adequate investments and political will directed at iron fortification of foods and liquids. A successful low-cost iron-fortification program incorporates implementation and strategic use of communication for program inception where education is in the forefront. A review of the available reports from experience in Brazil with iron fortification of foods and liquids is presented.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMed1990

Effect of a program to facilitate parent-child communication about sex.

U.S. teens have high rates of premarital sexual activity resulting in alarming rates of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. One possible way to combat the problem of teenage sexual activity is to promote sexuality education within the family. The purpose of this study was to increase parent-child communication about sex through an educational program for parents. The effect of the educational program was evaluated by a nonrandomized, controlled trial. Volunteer parents were recruited from three middle schools (grade six through eight) located in middle to upper-middle socioeconomic class neighborhoods. The parents participated in four 2-hour sessions which included factual information about sexuality and exercises to improve communication skills. The experimental group (N = 47) were requested to fill out questionnaires immediately before and one month after the program. The control group (N = 17) were requested to fill out questionnaires one month before and again immediately before the program. Parents were asked to report the number of times they talked with their adolescents about 11 sex-related topics. The difference in reported frequency of communication before and after the program was compared using a two-tailed, matched pairs t-test. Twenty-four (51%) experimental group parents and eight (47%) control group parents completed both questionnaires. There was a significant increase in communication reported by the experimental group. The mean difference of the number of topics discussed was 10.9 (SD 7.3) for participants versus -2.5 (SD 5.9) for controls (p = .00053). This study shows that parent-child communication about sex can be facilitated by an educational program for parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Pharmacy-nursing communications in an intravenous admixture program.

A centralized pharmacy admixture program is discussed, with emphasis on the forms used to communicate between pharmacists and nurses. Aspects of the programs described include the patient intravenous profile folder, preparation and delivery of i.v. solutions, preparation of piggyback solutions and prefilled syringes of reconstituted antibiotics, and emergency intravenous solution stock.

Communication↗