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Results for “Child Reactive Disorders”

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PubMed1980

Adjustment disorders in adolescents and adults.

The face and descriptive validity of the diagnosis of adjustment disorders is examined in a sample of 402 adolescents and adults who received a DSM-II diagnosis of "transient situational disturbance" over a four-year period. The study suggests that the redefinition of the disorder in DSM-II should have substantially better face and descriptive validity. This redefinition recognizes that both the stressors that precipitate the disorder and the disorder itself may often by quite chronic, and that the stressor need not be overwhelming. Among adolescents in this study, 59% of the stressors had been present for a year of more, while among the adults, 36% of the stressors had been present for a year or more. A classification that subtypes adjustment disorders in terms of predominant symptomatology appears to have potential clinical utility. In this study, adolescents tended to have many behavioral symptoms and adults many depressive symptoms.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Letting the story unfold: a case study of client-centered therapy for childhood traumatic grief.

There has been increasing interest in the newly identified condition of childhood traumatic grief (CTG) since the 2001 attack on the World Trade Center. The case presented here is one of an adolescent girl who was diagnosed with CTG following the death of her father, a firefighter killed in the line of duty on September 11, 2001. Literature on CTG, its treatment, and adolescent development will be discussed. The application of client-centered treatment to CTG will be highlighted by the case description and diagnostic findings prior to, during, and following treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Preventive intervention with children of hospitalized psychiatric patients.

Indications for preventive intervention with children of hospitalized psychiatric patients are discussed and the clinical findings of a pilot study are presented. Reactive disorders are examined and two profiles of vulnerability proposed. Findings underscore the need to integrate preventive intervention with these children into routine hospital practice.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Structural complexity and the quality of stepfather-stepchild relationships.

This research examined the effects of structural complexity and sex of stepchild on the quality of stepfather-stepchild relationships. Sixteen simple stepfather families (the wife had custody of a child from a previous marriage, but the stepfather has no biological children) and 16 complex stepfather families (the wife had custody of a child from a previous marriage, and the stepfather was a noncustodial biological parent) with half of each type (N = 8) having a male and half having a female, 9-12-year-old target child participated in a multimethod-multimeasure assessment of the stepfather-stepchild relationship. Families were recruited from marriage license records, and data collection was accomplished in a single three-and-a-half-hour home visit. Dependent variables included: (a) questionnaire measures of love and detachment relationship dimensions independently obtained from parents, stepparents, and (step)children, and (b) proportions of positive and negative stepparent and stepchild communication behaviors derived from videotaped interaction tasks. Findings revealed that simple and complex stepfather families did not differ on any questionnaire or behavioral measures. Girls, however, engaged in a lower proportion of positive verbal and greater proportion of negative problem-solving behaviors toward their stepfathers than boys did. Stepfathers did not differ on proportions of communication behaviors emitted toward boys and girls. No sex-of-child differences were obtained on the questionnaire measures. Directions for future research on structural complexity and stepfather families are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Styles of conflict resolution and cooperation between divorced parents: effects on child behavior and adjustment.

Findings from a study of family functioning following divorce suggest ways in which the parents' ongoing relationship-both as former spouse and as coparent-may moderate the effects of divorce on their children. Level of conflict in the "spouse" role was found to be less predictive of children's adjustment than were degree of cooperation and style of conflict resolution in the "coparent" role. Implications for intervention are considered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Attachment disruptions in seriously emotionally disturbed children: implications for treatment.

In this paper, we consider the effect of attachment disruptions on severe adjustment problems in school-age boys. Three groups of 9-11-year-old boys were sampled based on their degree of risk for adjustment difficulties: (1) boys in regular classrooms, (2) boys in regular classrooms who are at risk due to poverty, and (3) boys who have been placed in special education classrooms as a result of serious emotional disturbance (SED). Attachment disruptions were categorized according to the severity of major separations from the biological mother. SED children experienced significantly more severe disruptions of their relationships with their biological mothers and fathers than either the high-risk or comparison boys. Teachers' ratings indicated that both the high-risk and SED boys experienced more externalizing symptoms than comparison boys in regular classrooms. However, SED children were most clearly discriminated from their high-risk and comparison counterparts by higher levels of dissociative symptoms. Regression analyses indicated that children who had experienced maternal attachment disruptions were more likely to show dissociative symptomatology in the classroom setting and were more likely to develop dependent relationships with their teachers after risk group status, child age and family structure were controlled. Implications of these findings for the treatment of SED children are discussed.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1988

The preventive utilization of foster care.

There is a general, but unproven, belief that long-term foster care is inherently unstable and consistently damaging. This paper discusses eight biological, psychological and social factors that the literature considers responsible for the failures of long-term fostering. It then summarizes the clinical picture presented by such failures, pointing out how changes in the nature of children coming into care have necessitated shifts in the type of foster care required to meet their needs. The major part of the paper uses this knowledge to derive seven keys and associated practical strategies for preventing psychological and social deterioration for children in care.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of preventive group intervention for children of divorce].

Following the results of American intervention programs for children of divorce, the effects of a preventive group program for 10 to 12 year old children of divorced families were studied within a pretest-posttest design. The aim of the intervention was to decrease children's fears, increase their feelings of self-esteem and to improve the relationship to their parents. The program consists of 10 group-sessions about divorce related changes and experiences in the children families and 3 evenings for their parents. Subjects were 5 boys and 2 girls. The results show that after the intervention fears are decreased, feelings of self-esteem are increased and the subjective perception of the own family is more positive than before. The results are discussed in terms of the further development of interventions for children of divorce.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[The Linz model: separation--divorce--new beginning].

The Linz-Project is a secondary-preventive and therapeutic model for coping with divorce. It contains a children's group (for children with age 8-12) and parallelly a parent group. The authors describe context, theoretical and practical fundamentals, aims, methods, basic structure and process of this specific group model. Their article outlines similarities and differences to other group models for coping with divorce and resumes the experiences with the Linz-Project.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Reliability of the Group for Advancement of Psychiatry Diagnostic Categories in Child Psychiatry.

A total of 403 multiple diagnoses were independently assigned to 41 patient protocols by 73 psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers to determine the levels of interrater reliability of the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (GAP) diagnostic categories. With the exception of the psychotic disorders category, these diagnostic categories were found to have low levels of interdiagnostician reliability. Differences in the reliabilities across disciplines and levels of training were found. It is noted, however, that neither years of experience, kind of training, nor direct contact with the patient can be regarded as a substitute for improvements in the classification system itself. The importance of a reliable classification system for child psychiatry is emphasized and suggestions for improvements in the present GAP system are made.

Child↗