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PubMed1991

A comparison of four particulate bone derivatives.

Samples of four types of particulate bone matrix derivatives were prepared and surgically inserted into standardized critical-sized defects in calvariae of Long-Evans rats. Implantation of demineralized bone matrix (DBM), bone regenerative matrix, and two types of particulate chemosterilized, antigen-extracted, autolyzed, allogeneic (AAA) bone from endochondral (eAAA) and intramembranous (iAAA) sources will result in the regeneration of bone in orthotopic skull defects. The four preparations were tested in orthotopic, 8-mm calvarial wounds to compare the quantity of new bone that formed 28 days postimplantation. Quantitative computer imaging was used to measure roentgenographic gray levels and bone volume of new trabeculae (calcified plus osteoid). All experimental bone matrix derivatives produced more bone volume than the nontreated control wounds. Bone volume regenerated from iAAA was significantly less than eAAA and DBM-regenerated bone.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the antimicrobial effect and toxicity of glutaraldehyde].

The antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity of a solution containing 20 g.l-1 glutaraldehyde was evaluated. All the tested germs of gram-negative microorganisms and of the strain Staphylococcus aureus were killed within 5 minutes, those of mycobacteria within 120 minutes, and bacterial spores in the course of 240 minutes. The fungicidal effect of the solution upon the strain Candida albicans became manifest after 10 minute exposure and upon the tested genera of dermatophytes after 30 minute exposure. The bacteriophage phi X 174 was inactivated within 60 minutes. In the view of the obtained values of its antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity, glutaraldehyde is recommended as a chemosterilizing substance.

Aldehydes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological activity of precozen I on Musca domestica and Aedes aegypti].

Paper presents the results of the study of biological effect of precozen I--preparation with antijuvenile type of action on flies and mosquitoes. Parenteral administration resulted in reduced rate of imago hatching, alterations in female reproductive system, hereditary sterility. Treatment of flies' as well as mosquitoes' larvae caused various moult alterations: prologation of development stages, reduced chitinization. Multiple effects of precozen I on insects, characteristic both of hormonal preparations and chemosterilants, were observed.

Aedes↗

PubMed1986

Effects of learned flavor avoidance on grooming behavior in rats.

In Experiment 1, rats were conditioned to avoid saccharin in tapwater by pairing it with LiCl in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) applied to the fur. Conditioned flavor avoidance (CFA) of saccharin was then assessed in drinking and grooming tests. In Experiment 2, rats were given saccharin CMC on their fur and NaCl in water (or vice-versa) as conditioned stimuli in a CFA paradigm. Two-choice tests (saccharin vs. NaCl) followed in drinking and grooming contexts. In Experiment 3, rats were given saccharin CMC on one flank and vehicle (CMC only) on the other. After grooming, animals were injected with LiCl and then given 2-choice tests, first between saccharin and water, then between saccharin-CMC and plain-CMC, and finally, between saccharin and water. Strong CFA was exhibited in drinking tests in all 3 experiments. This was not the case in grooming tests. Rats continued to groom when tastant was applied to only one flank (Experiment 1), and exhibited only weak CFA when a different tastant was applied to each flank (Experiments 2 and 3). We conclude that grooming can be directed to minimize the ingestion of noxious substances, but that such ingestion is not sufficiently reduced to affect the efficacy of grooming as a delivery method for unpalatable substances (e.g., rodenticides, chemosterilants). We speculate that grooming represents a weakness in rodents' defenses against dietary poisoning, and that it might be used to deliver toxicants as part of crop protection schemes that make use of CFA.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Cytochemical changes induced by apholate, tepa and hempa during vitellogenesis in Locusta migratoria.

Proteins (--SS, --SH, and NH2 groups; tyrosine, tryptophan and arginine), DNA, phospholipids and triglycerides showed a progressive decline in the oocytes of Locusta migratoria with increase in doses of apholate, tepa and hempa. Carbohydrates showed a decline only after higher doses of apholate and tepa whereas they were not affected at all with hempa. The pyroninophilia due to RNA in the oocytes decreased in the ooplasm of oocytes slightly, but increased in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of follicular epithelial cells with all the chemosterilants. The follicular epithelial cells degenerated in the mature oocytes, and yolk formation was inhibited.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

The effect of the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis on the open-field behavior of mice.

The study assessed the impact of the adult phase of Trichinella spiralis on the open-field behavior of mice. Thiabendazole treatment was used to chemosterilize adult worms in vivo. Untreated mice exhibited a marked decline in their ambulatory and exploratory activities (from day 14 post-infection until the end of the experiment). In contrast, infected mice treated with thiabendazole did not exhibit any behavioral alterations. This suggested that the adult phase of T. spiralis did not contribute to behavioral pathology in the mouse host.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Novel adenosine analogues with broad-spectrum biological activity: structure and mechanism of action.

Aliphatic analogues of adenosine, e.g. 9-(S)-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, its homologs and carboxy derivatives, display various biological (antiviral, aspermatogenic, chemosterilant, embryotoxic) activities. The principle in common of these effects seems to be an inhibition of SAH-hydrolase which disturbs transmethylations in rapidly proliferating systems.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1995

The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis XVIII. Aspects of treatment with suramin.

We report the clinical and parasitological effects of a modified treatment regimen for suramin. Twenty adult males received up to 5 g (72.5 to 84.7 mg/kg) of suramin over 36 days. Detailed clinical and laboratory examinations were done before treatment and then at intervals over 2 years. Nodules were removed at 6, 13, 26 and 52 weeks for histology. Systemic tolerance was good. Anterior segment inflammation was however common and 2 patients required intervention to prevent posterior synechiae. No new posterior segment lesions developed; a rare improvement occurred in one patient with papillitis. Proteinuria, mostly mild, occurred in nearly all patients. Previously unreported renal glycosuria was documented in one patient. Microfilariae in the skin and anterior chamber did not change significantly for 5 or more weeks after which rapid reductions occurred. Ocular parasites were absent at 2 years and skin microfilariae were near zero. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts fell in parallel with those of microfilariae in the skin and anterior chamber and were normal at one and two years. These findings at 2 years may provide indirect evidence of a macrofilaricidal or a permanent chemosterilant effect on the adult worms. Nodule examination revealed an embryotoxic effect from week 6, a lethal effect on the male worms from month 3 and on the female worms from month 6 after treatment started. At one year 34% of the female worms examined were alive. Thus total doses of suramin in the range 72.5 to 84.7 mg/kg have only a modest lethal effect on the female worms. Suramin remains a restricted drug and a suitable replacement is urgently needed.

Adult↗

PubMed1979