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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Isolated congenital histiocytosis in the palpebral conjunctiva in a newborn.

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of congenital histiocytosis in a newborn without skin involvement. DESIGN: Interventional case-report. METHODS: A full-term baby presented with a mass over the palpebral conjunctiva of his left upper lid. Ophthalmic examination was otherwise normal, and the baby was healthy. There were no skin lesions. RESULTS: The lesion was completely removed surgically. Pathologic examination demonstrated a cellular infiltrate composed of eosinophils and histiocytes. Immunohistochemistry disclosed positive stain for protein S-100 and CD1 antigenic determinant. Pediatric oncology evaluation was completely normal. Eighteen months after presentation, the patient remained healthy without recurrence of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS: Rare cases of congenital histiocytosis can present as a solitary lesion over the palpebral conjunctiva, without skin or systemic involvement.

Antigens, CD1↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains with biofilm-forming ability in isolates from conjunctiva and facial skin.

PURPOSE: To compare the prevalence of biofilm-forming strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the conjunctival and facial skin microflora. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: The prevalence of biofilm-forming ability of 10 S epidermidis strains obtained from the conjunctival sac of healthy volunteers was compared with 40 strains obtained from the facial skin of healthy volunteers. The ability to form biofilm was determined by the presence of the icaA gene, and the production of biofilm was examined by qualitative (Congo red agar [CRA]) and quantitative (microtiter plate) assays. Additionally, the prevalence of 36 S epidermidis strains obtained from the conjunctival sac of precataract patients to form biofilm was investigated. RESULTS: The icaA gene was detected in 60% of the isolates from the conjunctival sac of volunteers and 15% of those from the facial skin. Fifty percent of the isolates from the conjunctiva of volunteers and 5% from the facial skin were CRA positive. Biofilm production was significantly greater in isolates from the conjunctiva of volunteers. Of the nine pairs of isolates found in the same volunteers, six conjunctival sac isolates were positive for the icaA gene with biofilm-forming ability except one strain, whereas only one of the facial skin isolates was positive for the icaA gene and none exhibited biofilm-forming phenotype. Sixty-nine percent and 44% of the isolates from the conjunctival sac of precataract patients were positive for icaA gene and CRA test, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of biofilm-forming S epidermidis isolates is higher in the conjunctival sac than the facial skin.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Abnormal expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the conjunctiva of patients with pterygium.

PURPOSE: To determine whether pterygium is a disorder of abnormal growth by examining the expression of the p53 gene in the conjunctiva of patients with pterygium. METHODS: Immunostaining for abnormal expression of p53 was performed using mouse monoclonal antibody to human p53, pAb 240, on six eyes with primary pterygium and two eyes with recurrent pterygium. RESULTS: In three of the eight eyes with pterygium, specimens were positive for abnormal expression in the epithelium of the pterygium and in the superior bulbar conjunctiva. CONCLUSION: Abnormal p53 expression in the epithelium of primary and recurrent pterygium specimens suggests that pterygium is a growth disorder rather than a degeneration.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

Ptosis secondary to amyloidosis of the tarsal conjunctiva and tarsus.

PURPOSE: To report a case of chronic unilateral ptosis in a 63-year-old, otherwise healthy woman with visual restriction. METHODS: We performed a biopsy on an enlarged tarsal plate that we believed had caused ptosis. A levator aponeurotic advancement was performed subsequently. RESULTS: Histologic and ultrastructural examination of the biopsy specimen disclosed amyloidosis of the tarsal conjunctiva and tarsus. There was no evidence of systemic amyloidosis. CONCLUSION: Localized amyloidosis involving the tarsal conjunctiva and tarsus is a rare cause of chronic eyelid thickening and ptosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1985

Effects of eye rubbing on the conjunctiva as a model of ocular inflammation.

We assessed the effects of eye rubbing on the histologic characteristics and inflammatory cell infiltrate of the conjunctiva. The upper eyelids of 20 adult rats were rubbed during a five-minute period, and then the animals were killed immediately, or at four, eight, or 24 hours after trauma. One eye of each animal was rubbed; the unrubbed contralateral eye served as a control. Counts of mast cells, degranulated mast cells, and inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages) were recorded from conjunctival samples from the upper eyelid. Immediately after eye rubbing the conjunctival epithelium was histologically disrupted and 50% of the mast cells showed evidence of degranulation. At four hours after trauma the increase in the number of neutrophils was more than 2,300%. Neutrophils were in the margins in the conjunctival vessels, had migrated into the substantia propria, and were aligned subjacent to the epithelial basement membrane; large numbers of neutrophils populated the epithelium. The four-hour stage was the most dramatic phase of inflammation that occurred from the eye rubbing. At 24 hours there was a significant increase in the number of macrophages. The numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils were not significantly changed throughout the study. Our findings demonstrate that eye rubbing histologically disrupts the epithelium and induces significant alteration in the inflammatory cell infiltrate of the conjunctiva. These changes may influence the course of ocular disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus of the conjunctiva.

PURPOSE: To report the ophthalmic manifestations of hypertrophic discoid lupus erythematosus of the conjunctiva. METHOD: Case report and review of biopsy results. RESULTS: A 58-year-old woman with a history of chronic blepharoconjunctivitis presented with an unusual raised conjunctival lesion. Previous biopsy slides were reviewed and interpreted as diagnostic of discoid lupus erythematosus, hypertrophic or verrucous type. Both blepharoconjunctivitis and the raised conjunctival lesion resolved with hydroxychloroquine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: A raised conjunctival mass in the context of refractory blepharoconjunctivitis should elicit suspicion for discoid lupus erythematosus. The hypertrophic variant of this disease can affect the conjunctiva.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wistar rat palpebral conjunctiva contains more slow-cycling stem cells that have larger proliferative capacity: implication for conjunctival epithelial homeostasis.

PURPOSE: To determine the location of conjunctival epithelial stem cells. METHODS: Wistar rats received daily injection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) at a dose of 5 mg/100 g for 2 weeks followed by a 1-month BrdU-free period before death. After the rats were sacrificed, the orbital contents and eyelids were exenterated en bloc, fixed in buffer formalin, and embedded in paraffin. To compare the proliferative capacity of ocular epithelial cells, 1.0% phorbol myristate (TPA) in petrolatum was topically applied once daily to both eyes of Wistar rats for 12 days. After 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days of TPA treatment, rats were administered BrdU intraperitoneally 7 hours before they were sacrificed. The ocular epithelium was fixed and processed for immunochemistry, and the labeling index (LI) of every epithelial zone was determined. RESULTS: Slow-cycling cells, detected as label-retaining cells (LRCs), were found in bulbar, fornical, and palpebral epithelia and mucocutaneous junctions, as well as in limbal epithelia. The greatest numbers of LRCs were identified in palpebral epithelium. Under normal situations, in conjunctiva the LI was lowest in palpebral epithelium (2.1 +/- 0.5) compared with bulbar (2.2 +/- 0.5), fornical (2.3 +/- 0.4) epithelia and mucocutaneous junction (3.4 +/- 0.9), respectively. In cornea, the LI was lowest in limbal epithelium (1.8 +/- 0.7) compared with central corneal epithelium (3.5 +/- 0.6). Twenty-four hours after TPA treatment, an 8.2-fold increase in the palpebral epithelial basal cell labeling index was noted compared with 4.7-fold, 5.7-fold, and 3.8-fold increases in bulbar, fornical, and mucocutaneous junction epithelial basal cell labeling indices, and a sevenfold increase in the limbal basal cell labeling indices compared with a 2.1-fold increase in the corneal basal cell labeling index, respectively. Limbal and palpebral epithelia maintained a significantly greater proliferative response (5.5-to 6.3-fold increase, respectively) during chronic stimulation than corneal, bulbar, fornical epithelia, and mucocutaneous junction (0.6- to 2.3-fold increase, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In Wistar rat conjunctiva, slow-cycling cells are primarily located in palpebral epithelium, which has greater proliferative capacity than other conjunctival epithelia. This finding means that, in the Wistar rat, the conjunctival epithelial stem cells are mainly located in palpebral epithelium. These data open new perspectives in ocular epithelial development and are relevant in conjunctival wound repair.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lectin cytochemistry of the rabbit conjunctiva and lacrimal sac.

Four different types of lectin were applied to the rabbit conjunctiva and the lacrimal sac to examine the distribution of glycoconjugates. The conjunctival epithelium is comprised of goblet cells and nongoblet cells. The mucus granules of the goblet cells were stained with soybean agglutinin (SBA), and the cell body of the nongoblet cells was labeled with concanavalin A (Con A). The glycocalyx of the apical surfaces of the goblet cells and of the non-goblet cells was labeled with Maculura pomifera agglutinin. The lacrimal sac mucosa is comprised of superficial light and dark cells, and basal cells. The cell bodies of the light cells were stained with SBA. The glycocalyx of the apical surfaces of the light and dark cells was characteristically labeled with Con A. These results suggest that the composition of glycoconjugates is markedly different between the conjunctiva and the lacrimal sac, especially in the cell surface glycocalyx.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Benign cystic nevus of the conjunctiva.

A 51-year-old white man presented with a large, cystic conjunctival mass along the inferotemporal limbus which was obscuring his vision. Differential diagnosis included benign cystic nevus of the conjunctiva, lymphangioma, lymphangiectasia, and multiple conjunctival inclusion cysts. Biopsy revealed a large cystic nevus of the conjunctiva.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed1986

Lymphocytic subpopulations in the normal human conjunctiva. A monoclonal antibody study.

Monoclonal antibodies were used to analyze the lymphocytic subpopulations in frozen tissue sections of normal human conjunctiva (epibulbar, tarsal, and forniceal). The overwhelming majority of lymphocytes were T-cells (Leu1+ and OKT8+). In the epithelium, the predominant cell type was the OKT8+ cytotoxic/suppressor cell, whereas in the substantia propria, helper T-cells (Leu3a/3b+) equalled suppressor T-cells. T-cells outnumbered B-cells 20-fold; the letter cells were detected only in the substantial propria, particularly in the fornices, and not in the epithelium. Plasma cells, as identified by OKT10 staining, were completely absent except in the accessory lacrimal glands of Krause. Langerhans' cells, identified by OKT6 and HLA-DR (la) staining, were observed in the epithelium of all conjunctival regions. Our findings suggest that the reactivity of B-lymphocytes and plasma cells is heavily damped down by T-lymphocytes, thus allying the conjunctiva to other mucosal membranes and the skin as heavily immunoregulated tissues.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Report of a case.

Malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva are extremely rare in children. The authors report an 11-year-old boy who had a nodule at the limbus in a pigmented area since early childhood. The lesion was excised and the diagnosis of atypical compound nevus was made. Five months later, the patient returned with multiple nodules in the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva. One of the lesions was excised, and the diagnosis was malignant melanoma. He was lost for follow-up for 6 months; then he presented a large pigmented, vascularized mass protruding through the palpebral aperture. Results of systemic workup for metastatic disease were negative, and an exenteration was performed. A few months later, cervical lymphadenopathy developed followed by extensive metastatic disease.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Carbon dioxide laser treatment of the conjunctiva and the cornea.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment was applied to the cornea and conjunctiva of 16 eyes from eight young pigs at power levels of 2.5 to 20.0 W, an exposure time of 0.1 seconds and different numbers of overlapping burns. Four animals were euthanatized at 30 minutes, one at 36 hours and three from 18 to 21 days after the treatment. Nitrous oxide (N2O) cryotherapy also was applied in a double freeze-thaw fashion to three of the eyes to compare the effects of the CO2 laser and cryotherapy at each of the time intervals. Epithelial destruction was achieved with CO2 laser power levels of 5.0 W and one or more superimposed burns. At 5.0 W, Bowman's membrane was destroyed while the conjunctival substantia propria protected the underlying sclera. The anterior chamber reaction was minimal and appeared to be less intense than with cryotherapy after 36 hours. At high energy levels (20.0 W), corneal and scleral perforation occurred. Furthermore, we have treated five human patients with the CO2 laser for bulbar conjunctival epithelial proliferative disorders. Minimal scarring occurred and local control of the disease was obtained in four patients. The CO2 laser may offer advantages over other modalities of treatment for bulbar conjunctival epithelial disorders. Its use is not recommended for lesions of the cornea and forniceal or palpebral conjunctiva.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of topical glaucoma drugs on fistulized rabbit conjunctiva.

Conjunctival fibroblastic proliferation with contracting scar formation has been implicated as a possible cause of glaucoma filtering surgery failure. The effects of glaucoma medications on bulbar conjunctiva were evaluated in both eyes of 20 pigmented rabbits, with 5 rabbits per group each receiving singular topically applied daily doses of either 0.5% timolol, 1% epinephrine, 4% pilocarpine, or artificial tears in a masked fashion for 4 months. Posterior lip sclerectomies were performed in 16 rabbits--4 from each treatment group. The remaining four rabbits served as nonsurgical controls. Four additional rabbits, which had not received eye drops, were included as a nonmedicated control group, with one rabbit serving as a nonsurgical control. Immunostaining was performed to identify the presence of myofibroblasts in fistulized conjunctiva. Treated surgical eyes, regardless of medication, had higher myofibroblastic cell proliferation than treated nonsurgical eyes. Among fistulized eyes, all medications increased cell proliferation, with pilocarpine eliciting the most dramatic increase compared with all other groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cellular blue nevus of the conjunctiva.

BACKGROUND: Cellular blue nevi of the conjunctiva are extremely rare, and their natural history and malignant potential have not been fully ascertained. METHODS: A report of an unusually well-documented case of growth of a cellular blue nevus is presented, along with a review of current knowledge of this lesion. RESULTS: A 71-year-old woman presented with a darkly pigmented raised lesion of the conjunctiva, which had slowly enlarged over 47 years. There were nonconfluent areas of involvement of the upper and lower lids. Results of biopsy showed the lesion to be a cellular blue nevus, with no evidence of malignancy. CONCLUSION: This well-documented case of slow growth and spread without malignant transformation adds to the knowledge of this rare lesion.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Pigmented lesions of the conjunctiva.

A careful examination of the conjunctiva and ocular adnexa should be performed as part of a complete dermatologic examination. This article reviews the clinical presentation and classification of pigmented lesions of the conjunctiva. The histologic features of these conjunctival lesions are compared with those of pigmented lesions of the skin.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed2000

Effect of topical ciprofloxacin 0.3% and ofloxacin 0.3% on the reduction of bacterial flora on the human conjunctiva.

PURPOSE: To evaluate quantitatively over time the reduction in bacterial flora on the human conjunctiva after treatment with topical ciprofloxacin 0.3% (Ciloxan) or topical ofloxacin 0.3% (Ocuflox). SETTING: Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. METHODS: Three study arms each consisted of 20 culture-positive eyes from patients 55 years or older. Pretreatment cultures were performed in all eyes. Eyes in the ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin arms received 1 antibiotic drop every 5 minutes for 3 doses. The conjunctiva of each treatment eye was recultured 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after application of the final antibiotic drop. Eyes in the control arm were recultured at corresponding time points. After 48 hours of incubation, colony counts were performed. Data were transformed into log units, and statistical analysis was performed. When compared to no treatment, instillation of ofloxacin 0.3% did not produce a significant reduction in bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) at 15, 30, or 60 minutes (P =.17). A marginally significant reduction was achieved 120 minutes after administration (P =.051). RESULTS: When compared to no treatment, instillation of ciprofloxacin 0.3% produced a significant reduction in bacterial CFUs at 15 minutes; this effect persisted for at least 2 hours (P <.0001). The reduction in bacterial CFUs by ciprofloxacin was significantly greater than that by ofloxacin at all measurements (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofloxacin 0.3% markedly reduced bacterial flora on the ocular surface within 15 minutes of instillation, and the effect lasted for at least 2 hours.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed2001

Pathogenesis of mousepox in H-2(d) mice: evidence for MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) and MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) CTL antiviral activity in the lymph nodes, spleen and skin, but not in the conjunctivae.

Genetically sensitive mice (i.e. H-2(d) haplotype) infected with a natural mouse pathogen named ectromelia virus (EV) can develop a mousepox. Virus replicates well in the skin, next in the draining lymph nodes (DLNs) and then in the spleen and liver, where it may induce extensive necrosis with strong inflammatory reaction. It is well known from the studies defined on some other viruses that a correlation, functional link and powerful help exist between MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) and MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, in the case of mousepox the role of CD4(+) CTLs is still controversial and some reports support the notion that induction of EV-specific CD4(+) CTLs is nonessential for the generation of virus-specific immune response. Consequently, this study was designed to evaluate EV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) CTL activity in the DLNs, spleen, skin and conjunctivae of BALB/c (H-2(d)) mice at 7 and 14 days p.i. with Moscow strain of EV. By using bulk cytotoxicity assay and immunosurgery of effector T cells with mAb specific for CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T cells our data show that EV-specific CD8(+) CTLs predominated in DLNs and spleen at 7 days (67 and 66% of total CTLs, respectively) and 14 days p.i. (63 and 69% of total CTLs, respectively). In contrast, we found that EV clearance from the cutaneous lesions during mousepox is CD4(+) CTL-dependent at 7 days p.i. (59% of total CTLs), whereas at 14 days p.i. CD8(+) CTLs predominated in the epidermis, accounting for 72% of the total EV-specific CTLs. Our studies showed that the population of EV-specific CTLs is heterogeneous and contains cells of both phenotypes: CD8(+) and CD4(+). However, these effector cells did not express a similar tendency in cytotoxic activity in the DLNs, spleen and skin in comparison to the conjunctivae where EV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) CTLs were not detected at 7 days p.i. and at peak of mousepox conjunctivitis (14 days p.i.). Our results are discussed in terms of the value of EV to study antiviral CTL responses in the genetically susceptible host.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Adverse effects of topical antiglaucomatous medications on the conjunctiva and the lachrymal (Brit. Engl) response.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence indicates that long-term use of topically administered medication can induce changes in the conjunctiva and lachrymal function. METHODS: In order to evaluate changes in the conjunctiva and lachrymal response after prolonged use of topically administered antiglaucoma medications and preservatives found in antiglaucomatous medication solutions (benzalkonium chloride), we tested lachrymal function (Schirmer I., Jones, BUT, Ferning tests) and used the conjunctival impression cytology technique. MATERIALS: A group of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) receiving topical antiglaucomatous medication were recruited. A second group received only preservative instillations while a control group was formed of similarly aged subjects with no eye disease and was given topical or systemic medical therapy. Excluded from the trial were patients with a history of external eye disease or who had received conjunctival surgery. RESULTS: Tear secretion was reduced against that of the control group in those subjects who received protracted administration of antiglaucomatous eyedrops (timolol and/or pilocarpine). A statistically significant degree of conjunctival metaplasia was associated with long-term use of topical medication. The subjective symptoms reported by those patients receiving chronic topical antiglaucomatous therapy and the objective observations on them were found to be proportional to the observed tearing response. Changes were more pronounced in subjects who received only benzalkonium chloride. CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest that long-term use of antiglaucoma medication induces changes in both tear film and conjunctival surface. Such changes may be related to the medication or the duration of treatment, but may also be due to the preservatives used in the commercial product.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗