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PubMed1989

[Contamination of food with cesium radionuclides].

Specific activities of 134Cs, 137Cs were investigated and compared in canned meat products, pork, beef, poultry, venison, as well as in raw cow milk, milk products and milk replacers. Increased specific activities of cesium radionuclides in canned meat products were found up to 70 Bq.kg-1 in 1986, up to 150 Bq.kg-1 early in 1987, and a gradual decline of specific activity to 40 Bq.kg-1 at the end of 1988. In 1987 these values made up to 50 Bq.kg-1 and 120 Bq.kg-1 in pork and beef, up to 30 Bq.kg-1 in poultry, and up to 160 Bq.kg-1 in venison. In 1988 a decrease in these specific activities occurred down to 30 Bq.kg-1. The values of 134,137Cs specific activity did not exceed 10 Bq.kg-1 in raw cow milk, and 30 Bq.kg-1 in milk products. Specific activity up to 200 Bq.kg-1 was found in milk replacers.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Cesium-157 in milk produced on farms of the Angra dos Reis Region, RJ].

The first Brazilian Nuclear Power Plant is located in the Angra dos Reis county, about 130 km West of Rio de Janeiro. Among the radionuclides that will be released to the environment by the Nuclear Plant, tritium and radioisotopes of Cs, I, Co and Sr are the ones of greatest potential impact on the local population. During the preliminary phase of the pre-operational environmental radiological program, 137Cs resulting from nuclear explosion fallout was detected in milk samples from only one farm, among the ones included in the monitoring program. This finfing seemed odd, leading to believe on the possibility of a soil anomaly on the region, in which 137Cs would be more available for plant uptake than in normal areas, as it has been observed in some areas in various countries. Trying to explain this issue, the Radioisotopes Laboratory of the Biophysics Institute and the Radioecology Laboratory of FURNAS decided to carry on a series of analyses of 137Cs in milk, pasture and soil collected in the four farms of the program. The results demonstrated the non-existence of a soil anomaly in the region regarding the 137Cs behavior Cesium-137 concentrations in milk varied from 0.06 to 0.93 Bq/l but the differences of the average values in the four farms were not statistically significant. In one farm, occasional high peaks of 137Cs concentrations in milk were observed, which seemed to be related to the cattle management. Apparently during certain periods, the cattle grazes in sectors whose 137Cs concentrations in soil and pasture are higher than in other areas of the same farm or the region, due to the influence of micro-climate and erosion of superficial soil.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Suicide with cesium-137].

Reported first case of suicide with radioactive substance in Bulgaria. Male, aged 30, defectoscopist, with cyclothymic structure of character and psychotraumatic family environment made a second and successful attempt at suicide, this time by means of outer irradiation with cesium-137 with an activity of 5.3 curie in the course of two hours--irradiated his heart region and the first three fingers of his right hand. A grave picture of acute, local irradiation injury lasting four months with lethal outcome. The authors treat the psychological motives in the behaviour of these suicides and the reasons which determine the small number of suicide carried out with radioactive substance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Potential advantages of a cesium fluoride scintillator for a time-of-flight positron camera.

In order to improve the quality of positron tomographic imaging, a time-of-flight technique combined with a classical reconstruction method has been investigated. The decay time of NaI(Tl) and bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillators is too long for this application, and efficiency of the plastic scintillators is too low. Cesium fluoride appears to be a very promising detector material. This paper presents preliminary results obtained with a time-of-flight technique using CsF scintillators. The expected advantages were realized.

Cesium↗
PubMed1994

[Cesium-137 residues in food and in persons in areas severely contaminated by the Chernobyl power station accident].

On April 26, 1986, the fourth reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, in the Ukraine, of the former Soviet Union, exploded. Since March in 1991, a group including the author has been performed medical surveys and provided assistance centered mainly in Gomel district of the Republic of Belarus, which contains many severely contaminated areas due to fallout. Ultra sound scanning was performed by the Shinshu University School of Medicine Second Department of surgery on thyroid glands of children in Chechersk region, of Gomel. Twenty-one persons, each with tuberculous echogenic dots in their thyroid glands, were brought to Japan for further examination. The 137Cs residue was measured in these 21 persons, using a whole-body counter (WBC). Subsequently 137Cs was also measured in a range of food items found in the city in which they live. These studies indicate that, although the children live in the same area, differences in life style and in food intake are reflected in the amount of cesium residue in their bodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mathematical modelling of the metabolism of the radionuclide cesium-137. The calculation of the population risk].

Detailed mathematical analysis of the metabolism of cesium-137, which first appeared in the environment as a result of nuclear weapon testing in the atmosphere, made it possible to estimate the irradiation for the population of the U.S.A. with reference to sex and age during the entire life until death. In parallel, demographic analysis of mortality due to leucosis from 1950 until 1986 has shown cohorts of elevated mortality risk in two age groups: 0-1 and 45-54 years, starting from 1953. The radiation component of mortality was plotted for a set of cohorts as a function of the irradiation dose until the moment of death. Additional mortality risk was calculated for 1963 and 1967: 5.9 and 2.3 additional deaths per 1000 subjects per 1 Gy, respectively. The potential of demographic methods for assessment of the ecological situation has been shown.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of incorporated cesium-137 on the structure of the erythrocyte membranes].

The influence of incorporated cesium 137 (the absorbed doses of 0.26-0.08 Gy) on the erythrocyte membrane structure has been investigated. It has been shown that chronic internal exposure to gamma radiation causes structural reorganization of erythrocyte membranes at remote postirradiation times (in 3 and 6 months) that influences the annular membrane lipid.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Depressant effect of taurine on triggered activity induced by cesium chloride in rabbit hearts in vivo.

AIM: To study the effects of taurine (Tau) and tetrodotoxin (Tet) on cesium chloride (CsCl)-induced triggered activity and arrhythmia in anesthetized rabbits. METHODS: With a cuffed endotracheal tube, the rabbit ventilation was maintained by a respirator. A Franzy's contact electrode catheter was advanced into the right ventricle through the right external jugular vein and positioned against the anteroapical endocardial surface to record the monophasic action potential (MAP). A catheter was placed into femoral vein for systemic drug administration. RESULTS: CsCl (1 mmol L-1 iv) produced a decrease in the amplitude of MAP from 42.2 +/- 2.1 to 37.0 +/- 3.8 mV (P < 0.01), a prolongation of MAPD50 (156 +/- 22 to 209 +/- 26 ms, P < 0.01) or MAPD90 (205 +/- 25 to 250 +/- 20 ms, P < 0.01) and an early afterdepolarization (EAD) developed within 30 s after CsCl injection. The ventricular premature (VP) resulted from EAD triggered by CsCl. In the Tau (100 mg kg-1)- or Tet (10 micrograms kg-1)-pretreated group, not only was the amplitude of EAD decreased (Tau, 4.2 +/- 2.7; or Tet, 5.2 +/- 2.6, respectively vs 16.1 +/- 8.3 mv, P < 0.01), but also the duration of EAD was shortened (Tau, 695 +/- 164; or Tet, 492 +/- 172, respectively, vs 1068 +/- 166 ms, P < 0.01). The severity of triggered arrhythmia (TA) was alleviated and the incidence of TA was lowered within 30 min after iv CsCl by either Tau or Tet. CONCLUSION: The depressant effects of Tau and Tet on EAD and VP induced by CsCl were involved in an increase of outward current or a decrease of an inward current.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1997

Properties of Decylammonium Chloride and Cesium Perfluorooctanoate at Interfaces and Standard Free Energy of Their Adsorption

Measurements of the surface tension of aqueous solutions of decylammonium chloride (DACl) and cesium perfluorooctanoate (CsPFO) and the interfacial tension of DACl (CsPFO) solution-decane and DACl (CsPFO) solution-benzene systems were made at 293 and 303 K. On the basis of these measurements, the adsorption isotherms and the standard free energies of adsorption were determined. Also, the standard free energy of adsorption was determined from the surface free energy of the tails of DACl and CsPFO and the interfacial free energy of the tail-water system. It was found that the standard free energy of adsorption at a given temperature only slightly depends on the type of phase in contact with the solutions of the surfactants and can be determined on the basis of the surface and interfacial free energy of systems including the tails of the surfactants. It was also found that standard free energy of adsorption depends on temperature, and is considerably smaller for CsPFO than for DACl. Copyright 1997Academic Press

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Cesium, Na(+)-K(+) Pump and Pacemaker Potential in Cardiac Purkinje Fibers.

The mechanisms of the hyperpolarizing and depolarizing actions of cesium were studied in cardiac Purkinje fibers perfused in vitro by means of a microelectrode technique under conditions that modify either the Na(+)-K(+) pump activity or I(f). Cs(+) (2 mM) inconsistently increased and then decreased the maximum diastolic potential (MDP); and markedly decreased diastolic depolarization (DD). Increase and decrease in MDP persisted in fibers driven at fast rate (no diastolic interval and no activation of I(f)). In quiescent fibers, Cs(+) caused a transient hyperpolarization during which elicited action potentials were followed by a markedly decreased undershoot and a much reduced DD. In fibers depolarized at the plateau in zero [K(+)](o) (no I(f)), Cs(+) induced a persistent hyperpolarization. In 2 mM [K(+)](o), Cs(+) reduced the undershoot and suppressed spontaneous activity by hyperpolarizing and thus preventing the attainment of the threshold. In 7 mM [K(+)](o), DD and undershoot were smaller and Cs(+) reduced them. In 7 and 10 mM [K(+)](o), Cs(+) caused a small inconsistent hyperpolarization and a net depolarization in quiescent fibers; and decreased MDP in driven fibers. In the presence of strophanthidin, Cs(+) hyperpolarized less. Increasing [Cs(+)](o) to 4, 8 and 16 mM gradually hyperpolarized less, depolarized more and abolished the undershoot. We conclude that in Purkinje fibers Cs(+) hyperpolarizes the membrane by stimulating the activity of the electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump (and not by suppressing I(f)), and blocks the pacemaker potential by blocking the undershoot, consistent with a Cs(+) block of a potassium pacemaker current. Copyright 1995 S. Karger AG, Basel

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Simultaneous isolation of preparative amounts of RNA and DNA from Trichinella spiralis by cesium trifluoroacetate isopycnic centrifugation.

A rapid method for simultaneously banding preparative amounts of RNA and DNA from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae by isopycnic centrifugation in cesium trifluoroacetate (CsTFA) is described. Larvae were homogenized in guanidinium isothiocyanate and the DNA, RNA, glycogen, and denatured protein components were isopycnically separated without prior purification. This procedure resulted in the isolation of nucleic acids suitable for molecular biological application. Agarose gel electrophoresis of gradient fractions indicated the separation of undegraded RNA and DNA where total RNA was of sufficient purity to efficiently direct in vitro translation of parasite protein and total DNA was greater than 20 kb in size and sensitive to restriction endonuclease digestion. Oligo (dT)-purified poly(A)+ mRNA was 3.6% of total RNA with greater than 18% conversion to cDNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of proteoglycans using phenol extraction and isopycnic centrifugation in cesium trifluoroacetate.

A procedure for the rapid isolation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from Zwittergent lysates of cultured cells and cetylpyridinium precipitates of culture medium is described. After removal of most nonglycosylated proteins by phenol extraction, the proteoglycans are fractionated and isolated by isopycnic sedimentation in cesium trifluoroacetate gradients. The density-isolated proteoglycans, which are largely free of high molecular weight DNA, RNA, and nonglycosylated proteins, are readily amenable to chemical and enzymatic characterization. These procedures, which are designed for efficient and rapid isolation of lipophilic proteoglycans, also appear applicable to the isolation of other high density proteoglycans.

Centrifugation, Isopycnic↗
PubMed1976

Cesium chloride gradients of chromatin after treatment with micrococcal nuclease.

Cesium chloride equilibrium density centrifugation shows that treatment of rat liver nuclei with low concentrations of micrococcal nuclease for extremely short periods of time results in the appearance of chromatin fractions of low protein/DNA ratio and even free DNA. The DNA of these chromatin fractions is shorter than the DNA moiety of one chromatin subunit. The amount of high buoyant density material is decreased with increasing digestion time. We conclude that this material belongs to the minor chromatin fraction which is not organized according to the subunit model.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An improved rapid method for purification of herpes simplex virus DNA using cesium trifluoroacetate.

A method for purification of herpes simplex virus DNA from cell culture is described which yields highly purified viral DNA within 8 h. The method involves the freezing and thawing of virus-infected cells followed by isopycnic centrifugation of the lysate supernatant in cesium trifluoroacetate. It was found that this method recovered DNA from most of the cell-associated virus particles in such sufficient purity that the DNA was digestible with restriction enzymes and could be used to transfect cells without the need for additional purification steps. Purification of viral DNA from cells that were not subjected to freezing and thawing was less efficient due to the amount of viral DNA that remained cell-associated.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Medium-range order in cesium borate glasses probed by double-resonance NMR.

Rotational-echo double-resonance NMR is used to probe the proximity of Cs+ network modifiers to network-forming boron in binary cesium borate glasses. Low- and high-alkali glasses show distinctly different dephasing curves, which indicate preferential association of Cs+ with four-co-ordinate boron ([4]degrees )B) at low-alkali contents only. Different [4]B sites within a given glass appear to be subject to the same 133Cs dipolar field, thus placing constraints on the possible assignments of multiple tetrahedral boron peaks to different types of medium-range order and guiding future structural modeling studies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Determination of iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, rubidium, molybdenum, and cesium in human serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

A method was developed for the determination of seven trace elements (Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Mo, and Cs) in human serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sample preparation was kept as limited as possible. As the only sample pretreatment serum samples were diluted with nitric acid and indium was added as an internal standard. The results for iron, cobalt, copper, and zinc were corrected for interferences from polyatomic ions by using a blank solution containing the same concentration of sodium, sulfur, chlorine, and calcium as human serum. For copper and zinc the corrections are small, whereas for iron and cobalt they are important. No interferences occur for the considered isotopes of rubidium, molybdenum, and cesium. In order to test the accuracy and precision of the analytical technique, a "second-generation biological reference material (human serum)" was analyzed. The results obtained by ICP-MS for the seven elements considered showed good agreement with the certified values.

Humans↗