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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Repair of an open radial fracture in an adult horse.

An open radial fracture in an adult horse (450 kg) was repaired by internal fixation, using two 18-hole 4.5-mm broad dynamic compression plates and 5.5- and 4.5-mm bone screws. The fracture healed completely, but when evaluated 9 months after surgery, the horse was lame on the fractured limb at a trot. Local infiltration of anesthesia along the distal half of the bone plates greatly ameliorated the lameness, suggesting that the plates were irritating the soft tissues and extensor tendons along the cranial and lateral aspects of the antebrachium. Both bone plates were removed simultaneously with no complications, and the horse became sound.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fractures of the rostral portion of the mandible and maxilla in horses: 89 cases (1979-1997).

OBJECTIVE: To compare fracture locations, repair methods, complications, and outcomes of horses with fractures of the rostral portions of the mandible and maxilla. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 89 horses with fractures of the rostral portions of the mandible and maxilla. PROCEDURE: Medical records and radiographs were reviewed. Fractures were categorized by fracture location and stability. Postoperative complications and long-term outcome were determined by clinical examination and telephone interviews with horse owners. RESULTS: 4 fracture types were recognized. Fractures involving just the alveolar plate (33%) and those involving the alveolar plate and the body of the bone (32%) were most common and were often repaired by interdental wiring. Unilateral fractures of the mandible (11%) were managed without surgery if stable. Unstable fractures were repaired with wires, a U-shaped bar (U-bar), or a bone plate. Bilateral fractures (24%) were often repaired with orthopedic wires in foals or with a U-bar, acrylic splint, wires, or bone plate in adult horses. In 2 horses, bilateral fractures were managed conservatively. Short-term complications developed in 24 of 89 (27%) horses. Soft tissue infections and wire loosening or failure were the most common short-term and long-term complications. Wire replacement was not required in any horses after release from hospital. Persistent draining tracts were most often associated with bone sequestration. Long-term functional and cosmetic outcomes were favorable for all fracture types and repair methods. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Although complications in horses with fractures of the mandible and maxilla are common, long-term prognoses for functional and cosmetic outcome are favorable.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Impaired calcification around matrix vesicles of growth plate and bone in alkaline phosphatase-deficient mice.

The presence of skeletal hypomineralization was confirmed in mice lacking the gene for bone alkaline phosphatase, ie, the tissue-non-specific isozyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). In this study, a detailed characterization of the ultrastructural localization, the relative amount and ultrastructural morphology of bone mineral was carried out in tibial growth plates and in subjacent metaphyseal bone of 10-day-old TNAP knockout mice. Alizarin red staining, microcomputerized tomography (micro CT), and FTIR imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS) confirmed a significant overall decrease of mineral density in the cartilage and bone matrix of TNAP-deficient mice. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed diminished mineral in growth plate cartilage and in newly formed bone matrix. High resolution TEM indicated that mineral crystals were initiated, as is normal, within matrix vesicles (MVs) of the growth plate and bone of TNAP-deficient mice. However, mineral crystal proliferation and growth was inhibited in the matrix surrounding MVs, as is the case in the hereditary human disease hypophosphatasia. These data suggest that hypomineralization in TNAP-deficient mice results primarily from an inability of initial mineral crystals within MVs to self-nucleate and to proliferate beyond the protective confines of the MV membrane. This failure of the second stage of mineral formation may be caused by an excess of the mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate (PPi) in the extracellular fluid around MVs. In normal circumstances, PPi is hydrolyzed by the TNAP of MVs' outer membrane yielding monophosphate ions (Pi) for incorporation into bone mineral. Thus, with TNAP deficiency a buildup of mineral-inhibiting PPi would be expected at the perimeter of MVs.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1999

Bone regeneration in the edentulous ridge expansion technique: histologic and ultrastructural study of 20 clinical cases.

The edentulous ridge expansion (ERE) technique is a partial-thickness flap procedure for implant surgery that was developed in 1986. The ERE technique permits the use of osseointegrated implants at sites whose minimal orofacial dimensions are insufficient for traditional implant surgery. The present work is a histologic and ultrastructural study of hard tissue repair modalities at edentulous sites that were treated with the ERE technique in 20 humans. Biopsies were obtained from the tissue regenerating within the surgically created bone gap between the mobile buccal and nonmobile lingual or palatal bone-periosteum plates ("bone flaps") on days 40, 90, 120, 150, and 480 (day 0 = day of implant insertion). The results suggest that osteoblasts differentiate from preexisting mesenchymal cells located on the original fissure walls, with consequent deposition of new bone in the surgically created intrabony defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine on epiphyseal growth plate and bone turnover: a study in rabbit.

The potential effects of a calcium channel blocker (nifedipine) on epiphyseal growth plate and bone remodeling have been investigated in growing rabbits. The treated group received 6 mg/kg/day nifedipine twice daily by gavage for 10 weeks. An untreated group was used as control; with this dose, neither toxic effects nor decrease in the body weight have been observed. No modifications of blood phosphocalcic parameters have been found. In the treated group there is a significant lower cancellous bone volume, lower osteogenesis, shorter labeled perimeters, and lower mineral apposition rate than in the control group. Epiphyseal growth plate thickness is lower than in the untreated animals and considerable morphological changes are observed in the growth zone compared with the control group. A decrease in the growth of humerus length was found. In conclusion, nifedipine affects bone physiology, especially with consequences on bone growth. These effects appear to be quantitatively important, and there is the possibility of bone side effects on therapeutic use in humans, especially in young subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Arthrodesis of flail or partially flail wrists using a dynamic compression plate without bone grafting.

Between June 1991 and May 1996 we carried out arthrodesis on 15 patients with flail or partially flail wrists using an AO/ASIF dynamic compression plate (DCP) without a bone graft. The wrist was approached through the second extensor compartment. The minimum follow-up was for 24 months with a mean of 34.2 months. All 15 wrists fused without major complications at a mean of 11.9 weeks. Stabilisation improved the function of the hand affected with paralysis and the appearance of the extensively paralysed upper limb with a flail hand. In the absence of bony abnormality fusion can be obtained with a DCP alone without the need for bone grafting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Healing at implants with and without primary bone contact. An experimental study in dogs.

The aim of the present investigation in the dog was to study: (i) if it was possible by the use of EREt to predictably expand the compromised alveolar ridge; (ii) if proper osseointegration also occurred at sites where the implant following installation was devoid of direct bone contact. 5 beagle dogs, about 1-year old, were included in the study. During a preparatory period, the mandibular premolars were extracted and the ridge in the edentulous regions markedly reduced. After 3 months of healing, ridge expansion surgery was performed. A partial thickness flap was raised on the buccal and lingual surfaces for the soft tissue preparation. The buccal part of the ridge was mobilised and the bone plate with its periosteum displaced in the buccal direction. In each quadrant, 2 fixture sites were prepared in the mandibular bone apical of the displaced bone plate. 2 unthreaded titanium plasma sprayed fixtures were installed in such a way that the coronal border of the fixture was flush with the level of the lingual and buccal bone plate. The "internal" distance between the mobile buccal and the non-mobile lingual bone plates was identical to the diameter of the fixtures, i.e., 3.3 mm, while the distance between the mesial and distal borders of the 2 implants and the mesial or distal bone was > 5 mm. In each quadrant, 1 additional fixture was installed in the non- reduced mesial part of the alveolar ridge (control site). 3 months after fixture installation, abutment connection was performed. Following abutment connection, a plaque control program was initiated and maintained for 4 months, at which time, the dogs were re-examined and biopsies obtained for histological examination. It was observed that bone regeneration and osseointegration may occur to titanium fixtures placed in surgically-created bone defects. The amount of bone that was in intimate contact with the fixture surface was similar in test and control sites. In addition, the periimplant mucosa at test and control implants had similar dimensions and composition in terms of junctional epithelium and connective tissue.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed2001

Wrist arthrodesis with excision of the proximal carpal bones using the Ao/ASIF wrist fusion plate and local bone graft.

We present our series of 17 patients who underwent wrist arthrodesis with excision of the proximal row carpal bones using the AO wrist fusion plate and local bone graft obtained from the excised proximal carpal row. All patients were evaluated using a questionnaire to assess pain, function, ability to perform an occupation and satisfaction with the procedure. The mean follow-up was 17 months, at which time all the fusions had united. Clinical outcome scores showed that 14 and 15 of the 17 patients achieved good or excellent results with regard to their current condition and clinical improvement, respectively. Four patients required secondary surgery, two for fractures and two for instability of the distal radio-ulnar joint unrelated to the wrist fusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lag screw fixation of mandibular fractures.

The lag screw is the simplest means of rigid internal fixation. By virtue of its ability to compress bone fragments without the use of a bone plate, it has wide application and achieves great stability. This article presents techniques to apply lag screws to fractures of the mandibular symphysis, the mandibular body, and the mandibular angle. Results are reviewed in studies of 315 patients whom the author has treated with lag screw fixation. The advantages of the lag screw technique over bone-plate fixation, such as a more rapid application, obviation of the need to adapt a bone plate, minimal displacement of bone segments, and the rapid application of fixation without diminishing the rigidity of the fracture reduction, are discussed, as are the technique's contraindications.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of autogeneic and allogeneic cortical chip grafting in a feline tibial nonunion model.

A feline tibial nonunion model was used to evaluate the efficacy of fresh autogeneic and deep-frozen allogeneic cortical chip grafts for bone repair. Rigidly fixated tibial ostectomies with a segmental defect length of 1 cm were grafted with 3 mm X 2 mm chips of cortical bone in 12 skeletally mature cats. Six cats were given fresh autogeneic bone (group A) and 6 were given deep-frozen allogeneic bone (group B). Bone healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically over a 12-week period. Consolidating bony callus and palpable stability of the tibia after bone plate removal were evident in all group A cats and 4 of the 6 group B cats by 12 weeks after surgery. Bone remodeling had progressed to intermediate restoration of diaphyseal structure in 2 cats of each group. Fibrous replacement of graft chips, absence of bony callus, and instability of the tibia after bone plate removal were evident in 1 group B cat at 12 weeks. The remaining group B cat was withdrawn from the study at 6 weeks due to loosening of the bone plate and screws.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Torsional moment to failure for carbon fibre polysulphone expandable rivets as compared with stainless steel screws for carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy fracture plate fixation.

A method of securing carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy bone plates with carbon fibre polysulphone expanding rivets was investigated. Six carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy bone plates were secured to rods with carbon fibre polysulphone rivets and six were secured with standard cortical stainless steel screws. These constructions were then subjected to pure torsional load to failure. The carbon fibre expandable rivets failed at a greater torsional moment.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1998

[Distal, metaphyseal compression fractures of the radius. Results of open reposition, stable defect replacement with cortico-cancellous iliac crest bone and plate osteosynthesis].

Conservative treated distal radius fractures with extended metaphyseal void and missing cortical support resulted in loss of reduction. From 1988 till 1994 117 fractures of the distal radius were treated by open reduction, filling the metaphyseal void with a corticocancellous iliac bone graft and plate fixation. In this retrospective study results after surgical reconstruction were evaluated radiologically and clinically and were discussed to conservative treatment. 30 patients suffering from extraarticular metaphyseal distal radius fracture were evaluated after a mean of 42 months (minimum 20, maximum 68 months) after surgery. Ulnar variance was restored in 70% to the uninvolved side. Ulnar minus variance up to 2 mm persisted in 30%. Radial joint angles were restored to normal in 53%. In 40% of the patients a loss of reduction up to 10 degrees and in 7% up to 25 degrees occured. Active range of motion in the sagittal and frontal plane was equivalent to the non involved side in 30%. 70% of the patients showed reduced range of motion up to 20%. Rotation was unlimited in 77%, reduced up to 10% in 23%. Subjective results were excellent in 90%, good in 10%. Compared to conservative therapie, surgery showed superior results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of the effects of compression plates and external fixators on early bone-healing.

We used two mechanically dissimilar devices, compression bone-plates and unilateral-frame external fixators, in a standard canine osteotomy model; both methods were highly successful in achieving mature bone union. Bone union was studied by histological, physiological, and biomechanical means. At 120 days after injury, union was biomechanically less mature on the external fixator side. These tibiae had less intracortical new-bone formation (p less than 0.01), more bone resorption (p less than 0.045), and more bone porosity (p less than 0.04) when compared with paired tibiae that had been treated with compression plates. This higher level of bone turnover on the external fixator side was accompanied by an increase in blood flow (measured by clearance of 85Sr) (p less than 0.04). At the osteotomy site, pre-experimental or unlabeled bone and porosity were greater on the external fixator side and endosteal new-bone formation was greater on the plated side. Since the in vitro stiffness of the external fixator was less in all modes tested (compression, distraction, torsion, and anteroposterior bending) except lateral bending, it may be that the rigidity of the fixation is an important factor in early bone-remodeling of a healing osteotomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Indentation stiffness of the cancellous bone in the distal human tibia.

Total ankle arthroplasties tend to fail mainly on the tibial side. Fifteen fresh amputation specimens were used for assessment of the stiffness of the cancellous bone in the distal tibia. Because all current ankle replacements sacrifice the subchondral bone plate, the change in stiffness of cancellous bone was studied in transverse sections taken proximal to the subchondral plate of the ankle. The articular cartilage was removed from the tibial plafond, and serial 1-cm sections were taken, radiographed, and tested in compression on an Instron 1125 Universal Testing machine with the use of a 4-mm-diameter indentor. In the distal tibia, it was found that subchondral bone has an elastic modulus on the order of 300-450 MPa; removal of the subchondral bone plate reveals bone with a compressive resistance that is 30%-50% lower than with the bone plate intact; there is virtually no resistance to compression in the trabecular bone at a distance of more than 3 cm proximal to the subchondral bone plate; and stiffness characteristics in the distal tibia parallel the radiographic appearance of the trabeculae. The strongest cancellous bone in the region of the distal tibia is that near the subchondral bone plate. This material should be preserved, if possible, in the surgery for total ankle implants.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of three fixation techniques for repair of mandibular fractures in dogs.

Bilateral midbody hemimandibular osteotomies were performed between premolars 3 and 4 in 18 adult dogs. Hemimandibles were repaired by use of monocortically applied bone plates (n = 6), an interdental fixator composed of an Erich arch bar and acrylic (n = 6), or a type I external skeletal fixator (n = 6). At the immediate postoperative evaluation, hemimandibles stabilized with interdental fixators had an osteotomy gap distance (mean +/- SEM, 1.6 +/- 0.2 mm) that was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than for hemimandibles stabilized with external skeletal fixators (1.2 +/- 0.3 mm). Osteotomy gap distance of hemimandibles stabilized with external skeletal fixators (1.5 +/- 0.2 mm) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater at weeks 4 (1.1 +/- 0.2 mm) and 8 (0.8 +/- 0.3 mm) after surgery than the osteotomy gap distance of hemimandibles stabilized by application of bone plates. By week 16, significant differences in osteotomy gap distance were not detected between groups. Immediately after surgery, mandibular alignment measurements were not significantly different for dogs with bone plates (0.3 +/- 0.1 mm), interdental fixators (0.3 +/- 0.1 mm), and external skeletal fixators (0.9 +/- 0.5 mm). Mandibular alignment scores were not significantly different between treatment groups during the remaining postoperative period. Occlusal measurements were not significantly different between evaluations performed before surgery and 16 weeks after surgery, regardless of treatment group. Radiographic evidence of healing in hemimandibles stabilized with external skeletal fixators was significantly (P < 0.05) less at 4 and 8 weeks, compared with hemimandibles stabilized with bone plates and interdental fixators; however, radiographic evidence of bone healing was not significantly different between fixation groups at 16 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Mechanical properties of some fibre reinforced polymer composites after implantation as fracture fixation plates.

Continuous fibre reinforced composite bone plates made from graphite/polysulphone and glass/epoxy laminates were implanted for 16 weeks on osteotomized canine femurs and for 12 months on intact femurs. After sacrifice, the plates were removed and tested in four point bending for stiffness and strength. There were no significant differences in properties between control and implanted plates in the 16 week study. Both the glass/epoxy and the graphite/polysulphone systems showed deterioration after implantation for 12 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pelvic stresses in vitro--II. A study of the efficacy of metal-backed acetabular prostheses.

Six embalmed human cadaveric hemi-pelves with their associated proximal femurs have been tested in vitro using 25 strain-gauge rosettes on each hemi-pelvis. Loads were applied up to 2.5 kN and principal stresses were computed from the principal strain data. Acetabular prostheses, cemented in place upon a cartilage-devoid but intact subchondral bone-plate, showed little change in stress-patterns when compared with the normal data, regardless of whether or not the component employed metal-backing. The use of 30 anchoring holes of 6.4 mm diameter, in the intact subchondral bone-plate, had little effect upon the stress-patterns, regardless of whether metal-backing was employed upon the prosthesis. When the subchondral bone-plate was removed, there were notable changes in the stress-pattern in the periacetabular region and on the medial wall of pelvis. The metal-backed prosthesis did not produce such notable changes as its plastic counterpart, when the subchondral bone-plate was removed. The use of a plastic prosthesis cemented in a Protrusio ring, in an acetabulum devoid of subchondral bone, produced notable changes in the stress-patterns in the whole periacetabular region and on the medial wall.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1997

Osteoregenerative lateral suboccipital craniectomy using fibrin glue.

This report describes a simple technique of cranioplasty for suboccipital craniectomy and the results of a clinical study to assess the effects of fibrin glue on regeneration of the skull. Cranioplasty using a mixture of autologous bone chips and human allogenic fibrin glue was performed in 31 patients who received lateral suboccipital craniectomy. Long-term observations with three-dimensional CT showed satisfactory reconstruction of the mastoid-occipital bone plate in 25 patients (81%); among them, a nearly complete reconstruction of the occipital bone (plate) was found in 14 patients. Regeneration of the bone began 6 months after surgery on the inner surface, adjacent to the dura mater. In conclusion, the present technique provides a new simple method to restore an autologous bone plate in a cranial defect made by piecemeal craniectomy.

Adolescent↗