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Physician cost experience under private health insurance programs.

Little information is available on private payer claims cost experience for specific categories of health care. A study was conducted in which physician-claims cost experience and trends among 15 Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans were compared. Between 1986 and 1988, physician claims cost per covered person increased at an average annual rate of 17 percent, approximately 6 percentage points higher than for Medicare. Annual charges were highest for laboratory (24 percent), radiology (19 percent), and medical care (18 percent) services. Utilization trends were also examined in the study. The number of radiology imaging procedures performed increased 48 percent between 1986 and 1988, and the number of hospital visits declined by 6 percent.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗

Survey targets 31 CIOs of Blue Cross Blue Shield plans.

Facing every-increasing costs, stiff competition from alternative healthcare plans, and pressure to provide new services, Blue Cross Blue Shield organizations are reengineering their organizational structures. But a recent survey shows that to meet the new requirements, these health insurance giants must also find new ways--and new technologies--to use information.

Administrative Personnel↗

Competitive bidding: they're singing the blues in Cleveland.

When Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Northern Ohio announced a selective contracting program based on competitive bidding, the greater Cleveland hospitals were shocked. This process required competitive bidding for all lines of Blue Cross business including inpatient and outpatient hospital services. A lawsuit against Blue Cross was filed by Lakewood Hospital. The program was declared illegal, but an appeal is pending that could set precedent for other Blue Cross plans that may try other forms of competitive bidding in the future.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗

The future of Blue Cross.

This paper analyzes the reasons for the rise and decline of Blue Cross, a unique American institution. Its inability to respond to the crisis in today's health system is described as nothing more than the failure of the ailing American health system to cure itself. The early rise of Blue Cross is attributed to its success in addressing pressing social needs: helping patients afford the costs of hospitalization and helping hospitals meet expenses. Its later decline is traced to several factors: the striking increase in the costs of health care; the rise of the state insurance commissioner; the anticipated passage of national health insurance; and the increased competition from commerical insurance carriers, specialty health care data and management firms and state governments. In concluding, the question is raised whether society should invest further in the future Blue Cross, a social institution which may have irrevocably lost the confidence of the general public, government and the health provider community. Four possible futures for Blue Cross are set forth: the outright collapse of several plans, a "Lockheed-type" bailout, a "Naderist" organization strongly allied with consumers, and a quasi-governmental agency.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗

Using the PRECEDE model to plan men's health programs in a managed care setting.

Managed care organizations represent an important venue for delivering health promotion programs. However, most health plans do not employ public health strategies that match peoples' needs and preferences to effective behavior change techniques. This article focuses on the planning efforts by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina (BCBSNC) to address the problem of underutilization of preventive health care services among adult male members--an issue that has received comparatively little attention in the health behavior arena. BCBSNC planners used the PRECEDE planning process to define issues relevant to the target population and determine appropriate intervention strategies. Increasing perceived susceptibility and severity to disease, perceived benefits of screening, physician recommendation for screening, and health knowledge/awareness emerged as intervention priorities. The PRECEDE planning process yielded important evidence-based information and strategies to address men's underuse of preventive services and led BCBSNC to adopt new systems for planning interventions to promote the health of its members.

Adult↗

Capture and culture: organizational identity in New York Blue Cross.

This article explores the changing corporate culture of New York's Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan in its first fifty years. As the plan grew, corporate culture evolved over four sequential phases: the plan first had the character of an experiment, then that of a movement, a business, and, most recently, a corporate agglomerate. Accompanying this evolution has been an identity crisis, as the need to adapt to a turbulent environment has challenged the plan's settled understanding of its core values, namely, voluntarism, community, and cooperation.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗

The competitive effects of HMOs: a review of the evidence.

Despite the major methodological strides that have been made in the study of the competitive impact of HMOs and the considerable information gained from case studies, the formulation of substantive conclusions relating to HMO market penetration is in its infancy. In this review of recent studies of the competitive impact of HMOs, which concentrates on the econometric evidence, the authors found several anomalies concerning HMO impact in the market for hospital services, and make suggestions for methodological improvements. They introduce the notion of the role of employers in the insurance purchase decision as a key element in developing a complete model of health plan choice. They conclude with a proposal for a research agenda for studying the growing impact of HMOs on traditional health care coverage.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗

Study shows big PMPM savings for groups that use online consultations.

A new study shows the use of online consultations saves physicians nearly $2 PMPM for office visits. Blue Shield of California is leading a trend among a growing number of health plans who are beginning to see the value in "cyber visits," and are paying doctors to use them.

Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans↗