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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Bone induction by Escherichia coli -derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 compared with Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2.

Most recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) is currently obtained from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. If rhBMP with more activity could be derived from Escherichia coli (E. coli), a large quantity of rhBMP could be produced at low cost. The bone-inducing ability of an E. coli -derived rhBMP-2 (ErhBMP-2) variant with an N-terminal sequence was examined and compared with CHO cell-derived rhBMP-2 (CrhBMP-2). Two, 10, or 50 microgram of ErhBMP-2 or CrhBMP-2 was mixed with 3mg of atelopeptide type I collagen as the carrier, and specimens were implanted into the calf muscle pouches of Wistar rats (n= 5 in each group). Three weeks later, new bone had formed in all the ErhBMP-2-implanted and CrhBMP-2-implanted muscles. Radiographic and histological examinations showed that the bone induced by ErhBMP-2 had a large hollow bone matrix with more fatty marrow than the bone induced by CrhBMP-2. Quantitative analysis indicated that the activity of ErhBMP-2 was similar to that of CrhBMP-2, so ErhBMP-2 may be useful for inducing bone formation.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

Alendronate produces greater effects than raloxifene on bone density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone density: results of EFFECT (Efficacy of FOSAMAX versus EVISTA Comparison Trial) International.

OBJECTIVES: Alendronate and raloxifene are antiresorptive agents with different mechanisms of action, each used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and tolerability of alendronate to raloxifene in postmenopausal women with low-bone density. DESIGN: Randomized, double-masked, double-dummy multicentre international study. SETTING: Clinical trial centres in Europe, South America and Asia-Pacific. SUBJECTS: A total of 487 postmenopausal women with low bone density, based on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine or hip (T-score < or =-2.0). Interventions. Patients received either alendronate 70 mg once weekly and daily placebo identical to raloxifene or raloxifene 60 mg daily and weekly placebo identical to alendronate for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluations included BMD of the lumbar spine and hip and markers of bone turnover at 6 and 12 months and adverse event reporting. RESULTS: Alendronate demonstrated substantially greater increases in BMD than raloxifene at both lumbar spine and hip sites at 12 months. Lumbar spine BMD increased 4.8% with alendronate vs. 2.2% with raloxifene (P < 0.001). The increase in total hip BMD was 2.3% with alendronate vs. 0.8% with raloxifene (P < 0.001). Reductions in bone turnover were significantly larger with alendronate than raloxifene. Overall tolerability was similar, however, the proportion of patients reporting vasomotor events was significantly higher with raloxifene (9.5%) than with alendronate (3.7%, P = 0.010). The proportion of patients reporting gastrointestinal events was similar between groups. CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal women with low bone density, improvements in BMD and markers of bone turnover were substantially greater during treatment with alendronate compared to raloxifene.

Alendronate↗
PubMed1999

Effects of 1-year ipriflavone treatment on lumbar bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass.

In vitro studies have shown that ipriflavone affects both bone formation and bone resorption, but the effect in early-stage postmenopausal women with low bone mass and a high turnover of bone metabolism is unknown. In this prospective study, we randomly assigned 60 patients with postmenopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis to receive either 600 mg/day of ipriflavone or 0.8 g/day calcium lactate, and compared the effects on bone mineral density (BMD) from the 2nd to 4th lumbar vertebrae (L2-4) and bone metabolic markers before and after one year of treatment. In the iprifravone-treated (IP) group, L2-4 BMD was similar before and after treatment (0.78 and 0.77 g/cm(2), respectively), but in the calcium lactate-treated (CL) group, L2-4 BMD decreased significantly from 0.81 to 0.79 g/cm(2) after 1 year of treatment (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the rate of the decrease in L2-4 BMD was significantly greater in the CL group than in the IP group (p < 0.01). The median deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) level was significantly lower after 1 year of treatment (5.8 mmol/mmol creatinine [Cr]) than the baseline value (10.2 mmol/mmol Cr) in the IP, but not in the CL group, suggesting that IP treatment suppresses bone resorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bone marrow immunoscintigraphy compared with conventional bone scintigraphy for the detection of bone metastases.

Immunoscintigraphy of haematopoetic bone marrow was compared to conventional bone scanning in 141 patients with malignant disease. Forty patients had breast cancer, 25 prostatic carcinoma, 14 kidney or bladder cancer, 13 bronchial carcinoma, 39 malignant lymphoma and 10 multiple myeloma. A total of 18,800 skeletal regions were evaluated. Marrow scans showed more metastatic lesions than bone scanning in all patient subgroups. Computerized tomography was concordant with bone marrow scintigraphy in 83.3% of 323 skeletal sites. Bone marrow scans in 30 control patients with fever of unknown origin were abnormal only in 3 patients and in only 7 out of 2,135 skeletal regions examined. In patients with malignant lymphoma, bone marrow histology or aspiration cytology was concordantly positive in 14 and concordantly negative in 17 patients. We conclude that immunoscintigraphy of haematopoetic bone marrow provides a reliable, sensitive and safe novel approach for non-invasive detection of metastatic spread to the skeleton.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Calcium and collagen binding properties of osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and bone acidic glycoprotein-75 from bone.

Calcium binding properties of bone acidic glycoprotein-75, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein were determined in 10 mM imidazole buffer (pH 6.8), containing either 60 mM KCl or 150 mM NaCl. Proteins assayed were first bound to nitrocellulose to mimic substrate-bound forms in vivo; retention of phosphoproteins was determined through use of radioiodinated tracers. Binding studies were carried out both as a function of calcium concentration and the amount of phosphoprotein. In the presence of 60 mM KCl, bone acidic glycoprotein-75 exhibited the largest calcium binding capacity (139 atoms/molecule at saturation), with bone sialoprotein intermediary (83 atoms/molecule) and osteopontin lowest (50 atoms/molecule). Sites detected for each phosphoprotein exhibited overall binding constants in the 0.5-1.0 mM extracellular range. In 150 mM NaCl and 1-2 mM total calcium, phosphoproteins bound between 72 and 19 mol of calcium/mol with the same relative order. Binding was proportional to amount of phosphoprotein in either salt condition. The presence of 5 mM calcium had a different effect on concentration-dependent binding to type I collagen for each phosphoprotein. Bone acidic glycoprotein-75 alone was found to undergo an unusual calcium-enhanced polymerization reaction, confirmed by light scattering measurements, wherein collagen binding was greatest with polymeric forms. These findings demonstrate that acidic phosphoproteins from bone bind calcium atoms with a range of capacities. Calcium appears to induce conformational changes in bone acidic glycoprotein-75 which influences its self-association and binding to different substrata.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Osteogenesis after bone and bone marrow transplantation. The ability of ceramic materials to sustain osteogenesis from transplanted bone marrow cells: preliminary studies.

The ability of four different ceramic materials to support osteogenesis when placed with bone marrow into an intermuscular site was studied. In the search for biodegradable porous ceramic materials that could be used for bone replacement and that would slowly be replaced by bone by means of "creeping substitution," the authors fabricated porous alumina, calcium aluminate, calcium hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate. Specially shaped compacts, impregnated with autologous bone marrow, were inserted into intermuscular pouches in rabbits and retrieved after 14-182 days. Newly formed bone was found within the contents of the well after 14 days and was visible at all times up to 182 days. The bone was frequently found to have adhered to the ceramic and to have penetrated the interior if the pore size was greater than 100 micron. Further investigation of the use of synthetic materials in bone replacement is warranted due to the finding that some porous ceramic material permit bony ingrowth from autologous marrow cells.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2002

Recovery of bone mass and normalization of bone turnover in long-term survivors of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Osteoporotic fractures are potential long-term complications of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We previously reported that bone mineral density (BMD) of patients undergoing allogeneic BMT decreased by 6% to 9% during the first 6 months after BMT and that bone turnover rate was still increased 1 year after BMT. BMT patients do not need lifelong immunosuppressive treatment, which should offer favorable circumstances for the recovery of BMD. Thus, 27 (14 women, 13 men) of 29 long-term survivors of our previous study were invited to a follow-up study at a median of 75 months after BMT. From 12 months after BMT the BMD of the lumbar spine had increased by 2.4% (P = 0.002). The respective changes in femoral sites were +4.1% in the femoral neck (P = 0.087), 4.0% in the trochanter (P = 0.095), +4.7% in Ward's triangle (P = 0.072) and +1.4% in the total hip (P = 0.23). The markers of bone formation, serum osteocalcin and type I procollagen aminoterminal propeptide (PINP) had returned to control levels, but out of the markers of bone resorption the mean level of serum type I carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP) was 41% higher (P = 0.0001) and that of urinary type I collagen N-terminal telopeptide/creatinine (NTx) 41% lower (P = 0.0002) in patients than in controls. The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was 33% lower in patients (P = 0.0002), most of whom had hypovitaminosis D [serum 25(OH)D < or = 37 nmol/l]. Except for two, males had serum testosterone level lower than before BMT and four men had hypogonadism. In conclusion, in long-term survivors of allogeneic BMT BMD recovers and bone turnover state normalizes as compared to the situation 1 year after BMT. More attention should be paid to the vitamin D status of all recipients and to possible hypogonadism of male patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bone scan appearances following biopsy of bone and bone marrow.

The influence of sternal marrow aspiration, iliac crest marrow aspiration, and iliac crest bone biopsy on bone scan appearances was examined. Eighteen patients were scanned a mean of 9.9 days after sternal marrow aspiration with a Salah needle (diameter 1.2 mm). Only one patient had an abnormality at the biopsy site. Bone scans obtained in 9 patients a mean of 10 days after iliac crest trephine marrow biopsy with a Jamshidi needle (diameter 3.5 mm) showed no abnormality at the biopsy site. In 18 patients with metabolic bone disease who had undergone iliac crest bone biopsy with an 8-mm needle, a scan abnormality due to the biopsy was usually present when the interval between the biopsy and the scan was 5 days to 2 months. Patients who were scanned within 3 days of iliac crest bone biopsy or more than 2 months after biopsy had normal scan appearance at the biopsy site.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

Total body bone mineral and pelvis bone mineral content as parameters of bone mass in men. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study.

Total body bone mineral content (TBBM) is a highly discriminating determinant of bone mass. We correlated TBBM with pelvis bone mineral content (PBMC) and pelvis bone mineral density (PBMD) in 179 normal men, in order to observe whether the pelvis is an adequate region of bone mass evaluation. There was a good correlation between PBMC and TBBM (r = 927, p less than 0.001), and significant correlations between PBMD and TBBM (r = 818, p less than 0.001) and between PBMC and PBMD (r = 0.902, p less than 0.001). As the pelvis does not undergo the densitometric changes so often observed in the spine, we believe that the pelvis is appropriate as anatomic region for bone mass evaluation studies.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

Bone formation in beta-tricalcium phosphate-filled bone defects of the rat femur: morphometric analysis and expression of bone related protein mRNA.

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the bone formation when beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was implanted in bone defects of rat femurs. beta-TCP granules were applied to defects created in the femurs of 65 male rats who were sacrificed 3, 7, 10, 14 or 30 days later. Bone tissues were embedded in paraffin, serial sections were cut and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histomorphometric analyses were also conducted. Furthermore, total mRNAs were extracted, homogenized, and reverse transcribed, after which quantitative PCR assays were conducted with a LightCycler using the double-stranded DNA dye Syber Green I with primers for either rat osteopontin or osteocalcin. Tissues in defects without beta-TCP were used as controls. The amount of newly formed bone tissue in the beta-TCP implanted group was significantly greater in both the side areas and the central area of defects than in the control group. Expressions of osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNAs of cells in the defects of the experimental group were up-regulated compared with the control group at all time periods. Taken together, these results prove that beta-TCP is an appropriate material for osteoconduction and promotes bone formation in bone defects.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[An experimental study on the bone repairing ability of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-coral composited artificial bone].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the bone repairing ability of coral. METHODS: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)-coral composited artificial bone was used. The composite was implanted into rabbit calvarial critical-size defects, and coral alone was implanted as control. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12 weeks respectively after operation. The bone repairing ability was assessed by histology and image analysis system. RESULTS: The composite repairing the bone defect both in osteoconductive and osteoinductive manners was seen, repairing ability and effect were better than those of coral. CONCLUSION: The composite is ideal as a bone graft substitute.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Biosynthesis of bone proteins by fetal porcine calvariae in vitro. Rapid association of sulfated sialoproteins (secreted phosphoprotein-1 and bone sialoprotein) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PGIII) with bone mineral.

To study the biosynthesis of bone proteins, fragments of fetal porcine calvariae were cultured in the presence of 50 micrograms/ml ascorbate and 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate and individual cultures labeled for either 4 h or 48 h with [35S]-methionine, Na2[35SO4], Na3[32PO4] or [14C]-glycine plus [14C]-proline. The radiolabeled proteins in tissue extracts were obtained by sequential extraction with 4 M GuHCl (G1-extract), 0.5 M EDTA (E-extract), and again with 4 M GuHCl (G2-extract) and analyzed together with the radiolabeled proteins secreted into the medium. SPP-1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1, osteopontin) was the major non-collagenous protein deposited into the bone matrix, with lesser amounts of BSP (bone sialoprotein), osteocalcin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CS-PG II and CS-PG III). SPP-1 was also the major phosphorylated protein and was recovered, together with several fragmented forms, almost entirely in the demineralizing extracts. Moreover, approximately one-half of the [35SO4] incorporated into E-extract proteins was present in SPP-1, the remainder being incorporated into PGs with smaller amounts associated with BSP. Over 65% of the [35SO4] in the proteoglycans of the demineralizing extracts was recovered in the small CS-PG III with less than 35% in CS-PG II, the bone homologue of DS-PG II (decorin). In contrast, CS-PG II was the predominant small proteoglycan in culture media and in guanidine extracts. Some sulfated BSP was also observed in guanidine extracts and small amounts appeared to bind to collagen. Radiolabeled SPARC (osteonectin), a prominent protein of fetal porcine bone, was not detected in the mineralized bone tissues but was prominent in the culture medium. These results demonstrate that following secretion, the major proteins expressed by osteoblastic cells are initially incorporated into different tissue compartments, with most of the sulfated sialoproteins and CS-PG III associating rapidly with the hydroxyapatite crystals. The initial distribution of these proteins is of importance in the evaluation of their role in bone formation and mineralization.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Are soft tissue composition of bone and non-bone pixels in spinal bone mineral measurements by DXA similar? Impact of weight loss.

Weight loss seems associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by absorptiometry, which may be the result of accuracy errors caused by differences in soft tissue between non-bone and bone pixels. The aim was to study the abdominal fat% and thickness in regions corresponding to non-bone, soft tissue-only and bone pixels for spinal BMD measurements by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to calculate the theoretical errors in measurement of changes in BMD by DXA as a result of changes in soft tissue heterogeneity with weight loss. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and DXA scans were performed in 34 obese subjects (42.1+/-10.1 years (mean +/- SD), wt: 102.1+/-12.8 kg and BMI: 36.6+/-3.8 kg m(-2)) before and after weight loss (11.3+/-6.9 kg after 1 year). There were some significant differences in fat% and thickness of soft tissue between abdominal regions corresponding to non-bone and bone pixels, respectively, for spinal BMD measurements by DXA, both before and after weight loss. With weight loss there were some changes in the soft tissue heterogeneity, which caused a minor theoretical error (apparent, but false decrease of 1-2%) of borderline significance for the anterior-posterior (AP) spinal BMD by DXA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

Behavior of bone mass measurements. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry total body bone mineral content, ultrasound bone velocity, and computed metacarpal radiogrammetry, with age, gonadal status, and weight in healthy women.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Bone mass as measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry varies with body weight. The authors studied the behavior of bone mass measurements made by ultrasound bone velocity and metacarpal radiogrammetry in relation to body weight. METHODS: Eighty healthy women were studied: 40 post-menopausal and 40 premenopausal (mean age 60 +/- 6 and 38 +/- 8 years, respectively). The authors performed in every subject the following studies: a radiograph of the nondominant hand for metacarpal cortical thickness, a study of the 2nd to 5th proximal phalanges for ultrasound bone velocity, and total bone mineral content by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The measurements obtained with the three methods correlated significantly with each other (P < 0.0001). The only parameter related significantly with weight were total bone mineral content (P < 0.0001). In the premenopausal women, age did not correlate with any measurement. In the postmenopausal women, age correlated significantly with the three measured parameters (P < 0.0058 to P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Weight did not influence ultrasound bone velocity and metacarpal cortical thickness measurements.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone sialoprotein promotes bone metastasis of a non-bone-seeking clone of human breast cancer cells.

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a major non-collagenous protein in mineralized tissues. BSP is also implied to be involved in tumor metastasis through its unique structure. Using the human breast cancer cell line MDA-231, we established both brain-seeking and bone-seeking cell clones. The brain-seeking cells (MDA4-231BR) showed no bone metastasis in an animal model. In this experiment, MDA-231BR cells were transfected with BSP cDNA and inoculated into the hearts of nude mice. All five nude mice which received BSP-transfected MDA-231BR cells developed bone metastases, while no bone lesions were observed in the control group. Histological examination revealed invasion of tumor cells into the endosteal space and erosion of the bone margin. Some animals were crippled due to large lesions. These results suggest that BSP may impart to breast cancer cells the capacity to metastasize and thus play an important role in bone metastasis of malignant tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Human lactation: forearm trabecular bone loss, increased bone turnover, and renal conservation of calcium and inorganic phosphate with recovery of bone mass following weaning.

The calcium (Ca) metabolism of established human lactation was studied in 40 adult women (mean age 32.4 years) who had been breast-feeding for 6 months (Lac) and in 40 age-matched controls (Con) using fasting urine and blood biochemistry and forearm single-photon bone mineral densitometry (BMD). Serial studies were performed up to 6 months after weaning in Lac women and repeated once in Con women. During lactation the significant findings were (1) a selective reduction (7.1%, P less than 0.03) in BMD at the ultradistal site containing 60% trabecular bone, but not at two more proximal, chiefly cortical bone sites; (2) increased bone turnover affecting bone resorption [fasting hydroxyproline excretion, Lac 2.22 +/- 0.12 mumol/liter GF (mean +/- SEM), Con 1.19 +/- 0.04, P less than 0.001] and affecting bone formation (plasma alkaline phosphatase, Lac 81.9 +/- 2.5 IU/liter, Con 53.5 +/- 2.7, P less than 0.001, and serum osteocalcin, Lac 14.0 +/- 0.7 microgram/liter, Con 7.3 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001); and (3) renal conservation in the fasting state of both Ca and inorganic phosphate (Pi) with a resultant moderate increase in plasma Pi but not in plasma Ca (total or ionized). There were no differences between the groups in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH, intact and midmolecule assays), 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, nephrogenous cyclic AMP production, or plasma creatinine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Bone healing after bone marrow stromal cell transplantation to the bone defect.

In experimental studies on rabbits, osteogenic properties of stromal cells were confirmed after in vitro growth for 7 and 14 d. The cell suspension was percutaneously transplanted into a surgically produced bone defect in the rabbit's radius. The bone scar produced was X-rayed, and histologically and mineralogically examined after 10, 20 and 40 d follow-ups. Differences in the bone defect healing process (the healing rate and the type of bone tissue produced) were shown between the experimental and the control foreleg. Within the experimental foreleg, healing was considerably accelerated with compact bone formation on a membranous matrix, whilst in the control foreleg, a coarse, fibrous woven bone on a cartilaginous matrix was dominant.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Bisphosphonate whole body retention test: relations to bone mineralization rate, renal function and bone mineral content in osteoporosis and metabolic bone disorders.

The bisphosphonate whole body retention test (WBR) has been used to estimate bone mineralization rate (bone turnover). Bisphosphonates given i.v. are taken up by bone or excreted in urine. The aim of the present investigation was to test the efficacy of WBR in estimating bone mineralization rate (m) and to evaluate the influence of renal function (Clcr) and bone mass (forearm bone mineral content; BMC) on WBR. The 24-h retention of 3.7 MBq 99mTc-HMBP (1-hydroxymethylene-1,1-bisphosphonate) (Osteoscan) given i.v. was measured by a medium sensitive whole body counter in thirty-one patients with hyperparathyroidism (n = 14), hyperthyroidism (n = 8) or hypothyroidism (n = 9) (group 1) and in seventy-six females with postmenopausal spinal crush fracture osteoporosis (group 2). In the same individuals m was calculated from a 7-day 47Ca-kinetic study using the expanding calcium pool model. Multiple regression analysis of WBR vs. m and Clcr in group 1 disclosed that WBR correlated positively to m [rp = 0.49, P less than 0.01 (rp = partial correlation coefficient)] and inversely to Clcr (rp = -0.44, P less than 0.02). Inclusion of BMC in the analysis did not reveal any significant partial correlation between WBR and BMC (rp = -0.33, 0.05 less than P less than 0.10). In group 2 WBR correlated inversely to Clcr (rp = -0.48, P less than 0.001) but showed no significant relation to m (rp = 0.10, NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗