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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Coronary heart disease risk factors in a random sample of Athenian adults. The Athens Study.

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases not previously investigated in Greece were studied in a random sample of 4,097 Athenian adults. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with age in both sexes. Similar findings were observed for mean serum total cholesterol up to age 50 years, but no significant changes were observed in older persons. Smoking was more common for men than for women and less common in those aged more than 50 years. Mean values of body mass index were higher for men than for women in those less than 45 years, but the opposite was observed for the older age groups. The age-adjusted prevalence rate of borderline hypertension was 10.1% for men and 9.1% for women and of stable hypertension (greater than 160/95 mmHg), 8.1% and 8.6%, respectively; the age-adjusted prevalence rate of obesity was 23.5% for men and 23.2% for women and of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol greater than or equal to 260 mg/100 ml), 20.1% for men and 17.3% for women. The associations of age and systolic blood pressure and of age and diastolic blood pressure persisted even after controlling for body mass index, total cholesterol, and smoking. In the examined representative sample, the prevalence rates of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are the same or greater than those in industrialized countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

"Thucydides syndrome" reconsidered: new thoughts on the "Plague of Athens".

A recently published theory (N Engl J Med 1985;313:1027-30) argues that the famous Athenian epidemic of 430 B.C. was caused by a combination of influenza and toxin-producing staphylococci (the "Thucydides syndrome"). Although it is accepted by some medical authorities, and ostensibly supported by identification of modern cases, the theory's plausibility has not been carefully examined. The authors used an epidemiologic approach supplemented by historical and clinical observations to examine the likelihood that a "Thucydides syndrome" could have caused the Athenian epidemic. Arguing against the influenza theory are epidemiologic and clinical features of the disease, mathematical models of the spread of influenza, and empirical observations of epidemic influenza in premodern populations of known size and crowding. The authors conclude that neither influenza nor a "Thucydides syndrome" could have produced the Athenian epidemic. Epidemiologic features suggest either a zoonotic or vectorborne disease, a disease associated with an environmental source, or a respiratory infection with unusual alternative mechanisms of spread.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2000

HIV-1 infection-associated risk factors among sexually transmitted disease patients in Athens, Greece: 1990 to 1996.

OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in HIV seroprevalence and related risk factors among patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to report the respective epidemiologic history characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study conducted from 1990 to 1996 among 5,669 symptomatic STD cases was carried out. RESULTS: The overall HIV test acceptance was 98.9%, and 1.2% patients (n = 66) were seropositive. Highest rates were detected among those who were born or resided in Sub-Saharan Africa. Seropositivity fluctuates significantly by age, and is excessive in persons 45 years and older (2.6%). A significant decreasing trend in STD incidence and HIV seroprevalence among patients younger than 25 years was detected. Male homosexuals and bisexuals (MSM) exhibited the highest overall rate of infection (5.8%) followed by intravenous drug users (2%). Highly promiscuous STD patients (ie, those who had more than 10 partners during the past 6 months) presented a significantly increased HIV seroprevalence when compared with patients of the same sexual orientation. STD patients infected with HIV mostly belonged to notable risk categories of AIDS (men who have sex with men, 72.7%). Awareness of serostatus was low (13.6%). In male patients, the HIV seropositivity rate was significantly higher among early syphilis and proctitis cases, whereas in females this higher rate occurred with herpes genitalis. CONCLUSIONS: Promiscuity and sexual orientation significantly influence the seroprevalence rate. Exposure to HIV remained stable despite the above declining time trends, which implies the need for additional preventive interventions targeted to the real health and illness behavior of the partner.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Dental health of 5-year-old children and parents' perceptions for oral health in the prefectures of Athens and Piraeus in the Attica County of Greece.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken in 2001 in order to investigate the dental health status of 5-year-olds in an urban community within Attica County in Greece and the views of the carers of this age group. METHODS: Three hundred and forty-five nursery children were examined, using the WHO methods and criteria. Parents' views were recorded in a questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 48.4% had some experience of dental decay. The mean dmft of the whole study population was 2.6, whereas the mean dmft of the subjects with active decay was 5.4; in these cases untreated decay was the highest component (mean dt = 5.0). A questionnaire using phone calls to the children's homes achieved a 100% response rate. Ninety-five per cent of parents thought that a child should visit the dentist at this early age and 79.5% of responders answered that they had already visited the dentist with their child for different reasons. Three-quarters (75.4%) of parents had received information about fluoride, whereas 72.5% answered that did not use any type of fluoride for their child at home. It was reported that 63.5% of children ate snacks, sweets, cakes, biscuits, and gums between the main meals of the day and 31% of the subjects more than once per day. CONCLUSIONS: Caries indicies were higher from the National 2003-4 survey and were attributed to the increasing number of immigrants in some areas. The population under investigation had the appropriate information for the prevention of dental decay but they appear to maintain unhealthy behaviours in their everyday living.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Determinants of genital wart case detection rates among STD clinic attendees in Athens, Greece.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report significant sociodemographic and behavioral outpatient characteristics associated with the diagnosis of genital warts. METHODS: Cross-sectional hospital-based study (1990-96). RESULTS: Genital warts (n = 2988, 51.2%) represent the leading sexually transmitted disease (STD) among 5831 consecutive symptomatic Greek and foreign immigrant STD outpatients. In Greek heterosexuals a low rate of partner change was the main patient characteristic at diagnosis (median: one partner in the past 6 months). Lower detection rate and riskier behavior characterized immigrants. Although associated with risky behavior, homo/bisexual orientation in males and injecting drug use were not significantly associated with condyloma diagnosis in the context of STDs. CONCLUSION: Broader health education and secondary prevention are needed to control this infection, whereas low-risk behavior in Greek heterosexuals with condylomata facilitates further preventive interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Dental injuries of permanent teeth treated in private practice in Athens.

Although there are several epidemiological studies on dental trauma internationally, there are not many studies that record, analyse and follow different kinds of dental trauma treated in a private office, and that evaluate how parameters such as type of dental trauma, as well as time lapse until treatment might influence the final outcome and the prognosis of the teeth. The sample consisted of 242 patients, 6-17 years of age, with 369 injured teeth treated within a period of 5 years. All the case were treated by the first author and were followed for at least 3 years. The treatment modalities used were based upon the clinical examination and the history of the case and included direct and indirect pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, pulpotomy, pulpectomy and splinting. The type of trauma was classified based on WHO classification partially modified. Seventy six percent of the teeth suffered only hard tissue injuries and 22% had only periodontal ligament PDL) trauma. Of the total number of teeth class I represented 3%, class II 59%, class III 20% and class IV 2%. Of the PDL injuries 14% of the teeth suffered concussion, 69% luxation and 17% exarticulation. The highest incidence of dental trauma was observed at the age of 10. Sixty eight percent of the patients sought treatment 3 days or more after the trauma had occurred delayed treatment), while only 32% within the first 3 days (immediate treatment). The main reasons for delayed treatment were neglect (50%) and unawareness 37%). Of the teeth with delayed treatment 43% became necrotic, while only 28% of the teeth that were treated on time needed pulpectomy. Luxations caused more pulp necrosis (46%) than Class I (0%) Class II (7%) or Class III (34%) type of trauma. The data from this study suggested that a most of the dental injuries on permanent teeth were class II or III type, b) a high percentage (68%) of the patients sought treatment more than 3 days after the injury (delayed treatment), c) delayed treatment caused more necrotic teeth, d) the public should be informed of the importance of immediate treatment in an effort to improve the prognosis of the pulp, e) dentists should be informed of the appropriate treatment of dental injuries since 10.3% of the cases were mistreated.

Adolescent↗