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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Case report of a homicide by a shotgun loaded with unusual ammunition.

Reported is the case of a man killed by a neighbor with a shotgun loaded with a unusual ammunition. The cartridge contained several shots chained together by metallic wires. Such ammunition has been used for hunting purposes but is now banned, so it can be handmade only. The joined pellets produce a wound with features that are different from those of a wound made by a regular load of pellets. Several interpretive problems are caused by the unknown number of pellets contained in the shell and the effects of the wire holding the shot together.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1993

Peripheral nerve injuries in athletes. Treatment and prevention.

Peripheral nerve lesions are uncommon but serious injuries which may delay or preclude an athlete's safe return to sports. Early, accurate anatomical diagnosis is essential. Nerve lesions may be due to acute injury (e.g. from a direct blow) or chronic injury secondary to repetitive microtrauma (entrapment). Accurate diagnosis is based upon physical examination and a knowledge of the relative anatomy. Palpation, neurological testing and provocative manoeuvres are mainstays of physical diagnosis. Diagnostic suspicion can be confirmed by electrophysiological testing, including electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Proper equipment, technique and conditioning are the keys to prevention. Rest, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy and appropriate splinting are the mainstays of treatment. In the shoulder, spinal accessory nerve injury is caused by a blow to the neck and results in trapezius paralysis with sparing of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Scapular winging results from paralysis of the serratus anterior because of long thoracic nerve palsy. A lesion of the suprascapular nerve may mimic a rotator cuff tear with pain a weakness of the rotator cuff. Axillary nerve injury often follows anterior shoulder dislocation. In the elbow region, musculocutaneous nerve palsy is seen in weightlifters with weakness of the elbow flexors and dysesthesias of the lateral forearm. Pronator syndrome is a median nerve lesion occurring in the proximal forearm which is diagnosed by several provocative manoeuvres. Posterior interosseous nerve entrapment is common among tennis players and occurs at the Arcade of Froshe--it results in weakness of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal extensors. Ulnar neuritis at the elbow is common amongst baseball pitchers. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common neuropathy seen in sport and is caused by median nerve compression in the carpal tunnel. Paralysis of the ulnar nerve at the wrist is seen among bicyclists resulting in weakness of grip and numbness of the ulnar 1.5 digits. Thigh injuries include lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsy resulting in loss of sensation over the anterior thigh without power deficit. Femoral nerve injury occurs secondary to an iliopsoas haematoma from high energy sports. A lesion of the sciatic nerve may indicate a concomitant dislocated hip. Common peroneal nerve injury may be due to a direct blow or a traction injury and results in a foot drop and numbness of the dorsum of the foot. Deep and superficial peroneal nerve palsies could be secondary to an exertional compartment syndrome. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a compressive lesion of the posterior tibial nerve caused by repetitive dorsiflexion of the ankle--it is common among runners and mountain climbers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Accessory Nerve Injuries↗
PubMed1976

[Postural crush syndrome].

The clinic of such injuries is characterized by marked local manifestations (solid progressive edema of the injured limb leading frequently to decompensated ischemia) and a high incidence of acute renal insufficiency. Hemostatic disorders are manifested in hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, cell-extracell transfer of electrolytes, metabolic disorders in the myocardium, as evidenced by EEG findings. It is the authors' opinion that therapeutic measures should be aimed at liquidation of the progressive edema (hypothermia, fasciotomy), prevention of acute renal insufficiency and correction of metabolic disorders.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2002

Limb dominance as a potential etiologic factor in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament tears.

A retrospective case series analysis of 80 patients (44 males and 36 females) who presented with acute, unilateral, noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears was performed. The role of limb dominance as a possible etiologic factor in noncontact ACL tears was investigated and the gender-specific relationship was determined. Patients were questioned about the nature of their injury and asked to list their preferred upper and lower extremities for writing, throwing, and kicking-activities previously used to define upper and lower extremity dominance. The relationships between limb dominance, side of injury, and gender were assessed. Mean patient age was 27.8 years. The left knee was involved in 54% of patients and the right knee in 46%. Eighty-nine percent of the study group identified themselves as right-hand dominant for writing, 91% were right-hand dominant for throwing, and 89% were right-leg dominant for kicking. Overall, there was no significant correlation between the side of injury and dominant limb for writing (P=.84), throwing (P=.68), or kicking (P=.99). There also was no significant gender effect on the relationship between limb dominance and side of injury (P=.65). Limited numbers precluded an analysis of specific limb-dominant sports activities as potential risk factors. The results of this pilot study suggest limb dominance is not a significant etiologic factor for noncontact ACL tears.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chest stab wound comparison in suicidal and homicidal cases].

In view of the appearance of cases of homicides by stabbing in which the killer claims that the victim committed suicide cases of homicides and suicides of this type have been compared. Contrary to the opinions appearing in the medico-legal issues stating that the commonly described features of the suicidal wounds such as tentative wounds, stabbing in the intercostals space, "removal" of clothes do not appear in some of the suicides, a few of these features do appear in each of the examined cases. Having considered the horizontal wound arrangement in the skin, which is a newly described feature, the differentiation between homicides and suicides are more categorical. In addition to that, the low level of alcohol in the blood is an extremely characteristic feature of the suicide by chest stabbing. On the contrary, typical features of suicidal death don't appear in cases of "aggressive self-destruction", self inflicted fatal wounds inflicted by a person with mental disorders.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Utilization of angiography in trauma.

In conclusion, I have tried to present a rational approach to the work-up of the traumatized patient. One must consider the mechanism of injury, the region where the most damage has been inflicted, and, most important of all, the clinical condition in which the patient arrives. With injuries in most of the body parts, there will not be time to perform any angiographic procedure in category 1 patients. They may or may not have intraoperative or postoperative angiograms. Category 2 patients benefit most from angiography; therapy will often be dictated based on the results. Category 3 patients are studied as necessary; the decision is made with strong consideration given to the type of trauma and the proximity of major vessels. For all groups of patients, angiography should be performed as soon as possible to avoid the sequelae of delay in treatment, as pointed out previously, particularly delayed rupture of arteries. This is becoming increasingly important as angiography has started to play a bigger role in the early therapeutic intervention of the traumatized patient. It is expected that appropriate and increasing use of arteriography will improve organ, limb, and patient salvage by early surgical or transcatheter techniques.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1985

[Pathological anatomy of the myorenal syndrome in the light of current methods of treatment].

Clinical and morphologic analysis of material from 39 patients who died from the myorenal syndrome is given. It is shown that during last 10 years the mortality rate from this syndrome is markedly reduced from 55 to 14% due to new active methods of detoxication. The main morphologic manifestations of the syndrome remain the skeletal muscles necrosis and hemoglobinuric nephrosis leading to acute renal failure. The author describes morphologic, histochemical and electron microscopic features of these lesions. It is noted also that progress in the treatment changed the whole structure of mortality, and the role of new complications, mainly septicemia, was increased. The sources of septicemia are both skin and muscles lesions and catheters and shunts used in modern methods of treatment.

Acute Kidney Injury↗