Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Anthropometry”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Circulating and synovial levels of IGF-I, cytokines, physical function and anthropometry differ in women awaiting total knee arthroplasty when compared to men.

PURPOSE: Determine if gender differences in osteoarthritis relate to cytokine and growth factor levels. METHODS: Cross-sectional comparison of serum and synovial concentrations of cytokines (IL-1alphabeta, TNF-alpha, IL-6), growth factors (IGF-I, TGF-beta, IRAP), physical performance and perceived function in total knee arthroplasty candidates (TKAC) (n=17) and healthy controls (n=21) was done. RESULTS: Serum IGF-I values were reduced in female (TKAC 137.6+/-7.2; Controls 160.2+/-26.2) but not male TKAC (TKAC 182.6+/-18.4; Controls 184.0+/-18.4) (p<0.05).). Serum and synovial levels of cytokines and growth factors did not differ significantly by group or gender. Physical performance testing (SPW, TUG) revealed significant group and gender differences (p=0.001) with women demonstrating greater functional impairment. DISCUSSION: A systemic, not local component to OA pathophysiology may exist for female TKAC. Male TKAC were less impaired, and their IGF-I levels differ little from Control values.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Anthropometry of norwegian light industry and office workers.

Several of the Directives and Standards developed by CEN, e.g. those dealing with Machine Safety and Personal Protective Equipment, depend on anthropometric information. For Norway, anthropometric data relevant for these standards have either been lacking or are very old. Two hundred males and 199 female employees of light industry and office work, between 20 and 39 years of age were studied. Body mass plus 29 different body dimensions were measured. Mean age of the total male and female populations were 30.0+/-5.6 and 30.0+/-5.4 years, respectively. Mean stature for males was 1796+/-66 mm, while the corresponding value for females was 1661+/-61 mm. Body weights for the two populations averaged 78.2+/-11.1 and 63.4+/-9.3 kg, respectively. There were no significant differences in stature between the two age groups, neither in males nor in females. In body mass, males 30-39 years of age had significantly higher body mass than the 20-29 years old, while this was not the case in females.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Force response of the fingertip pulp to repeated compression--effects of loading rate, loading angle and anthropometry.

Repeated loading of the fingertips has been postulated to contribute to tendon and nerve disorders at the wrist during activities associated with prolonged fingertip loading such as typing. To fully understand the pathomechanics of these soft tissue disorders, the role of the fingertip pulp in attenuating the applied dynamic forces must be known. An experiment was conducted to characterize the response of the in vivo fingertip pulp under repeated, dynamic, compressive loadings, to identify factors that influence pulp dynamics, and to better understand the force modulation by the pulp. Twenty subjects tapped repeatedly on a flat plate with their left index finger, while the contact force and pulp displacement were measured simultaneously. Tapping trials were conducted at three fingertip contact angles from the horizontal plane (0 degree, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees) and five tapping rates (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 Hz). The fingertip pulp responds as a viscoelastic material, exhibiting rate-dependence, hysteresis, and a nonlinear force-displacement relationship. The pulp was relatively compliant at forces less than 1 N, but stiffened rapidly with displacement at higher forces for all loading conditions. This suggests that high-frequency forces of a small magnitude (< 1 N) are attenuated by the nonlinearly stiffening pulp while these forces of larger magnitude are transmitted to the bone. Pulp response was significantly influenced by the angle of loading. Fingertip dimensions, gender, and subject age had little to no influence on pulp parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Computed axial tomographic scan measurement of abdominal fat distribution and its correlation with anthropometry and insulin secretion in healthy Asian Indians.

Asian Indians have high insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, a high prevalence of diabetes, and a high waist to hip ratio (WHR), although the rate of obesity is low. WHR and visceral fat (VF) are highly correlated, and both are associated with insulin resistance. This study was performed to determine the normal ranges of abdominal fat distribution (subcutaneous [SF] and VF) in nondiabetic South Indians and also to study its correlations with WHR, plasma insulin, and metabolic profiles. Fat areas were measured by computed axial tomographic scan at the L4 to L5 level. Mean areas of SF and VF in men and women in this study were similar to the values in white populations. Women had significantly less VF than men. Gender differences were observed in the contribution of fat areas to anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic variables. In general, in men, total fat (TF) area showed significant independent correlation with body mass index (BMI), WHR, and total cholesterol, and VF correlated with insulin secretion. In women, TF and BMI were correlated and SF showed a correlation with total cholesterol. Insulin secretion in women did not show a correlation with fat areas.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

Depression and anxiety symptoms in relation to anthropometry and metabolism in men.

Depression is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Abdominal obesity is also a high risk factor for these diseases. Therefore, symptoms of depression and anxiety were examined in relation to abdominal obesity. A total of 59 middle-aged men volunteered for measurements with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS). These results were examined in relation to body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR) and sagittal abdominal diameter, a measurement of intra-abdominal fat mass, and metabolic variables. Men with WHR>1.0 (n=26) in comparison with men with normal WHR (<1.0, n=33) showed significantly higher sum scores in all the scales used. There were positive correlations between the sum scores of all the depression scales and the WHR or the sagittal abdominal diameter. BMI correlated comparatively weakly only with the HDS. The correlations with the WHR remained when the influence of BMI was eliminated, suggesting that obesity is less involved than centralization of body fat. Insulin and glucose were significantly related to the HDS. Morning cortisol levels were negatively related to the BDI and (borderline) to the MADRS, suggesting perturbations of the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. We conclude that men with abdominal obesity have symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abdominal volume index. An anthropometry-based index for estimation of obesity is strongly related to impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to develop an anthropometric-based index (abdominal volume index, AVI) for estimating overall abdominal volume and to determine its relationship with presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study between November 1998 and June 2001 among 746 men and non-pregnant women randomly recruited from Durango City in northern Mexico. AVI was calculated using volume formulas for cylinder (V=pir2h) and vertical cone V=(1/3)pir2h. The formula developed was AVI=[2 cm (waist)2+0.7 cm (waist-hip)2]/1,000, which estimates overall abdominal volume between symphysis of pubis and xiphoid appendix and theoretically includes intra-abdominal fat and adipose tissue volumes. RESULTS: Receiver operating curve (ROC) scatter plot showed as best cut-off value of AVI for estimation of obesity, corresponding to 24.5 liters (L). Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and sex showed higher odds ratio between AVI and IGT 1.6 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1-9.1, p=0.01) as well as between AVI and DM 2.1 (95% CI 1.3-7.9, p=0.001) than odds ratio (OR) estimated by other anthropometric obesity criteria such as waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, truncated cone, and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: AVI is a reliable and easy-to-calculate anthropometric tool for estimation of overall abdominal volume that is shown to be strongly related to IGT and DM.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

Household economic strategies and nutritional anthropometry of women in American Samoa and highland Bolivia.

This study compares findings from research projects involving different genetic, environmental, and cultural contexts: a study of lifestyle and health from American Samoa (ASLS) and the Bolivian project. Reproduction and Ecology in Provincia Aroma (REPA). This paper presents analyses of varying economic strategies and their association with nutritional status indicators in each population. The ASLS sample includes 66 Samoan women and the REPA sample includes 210 Aymara women. Principle components analysis of household economic resources within each sample extracted two significant factors: one represents modernizing influences including education and occupational status, and the other represents ethnographically salient traditional economic behavior. The traditional pattern includes adding household members in Samoa and selling agricultural products in Bolivia. This analysis places each woman along two continua, traditional and modern, based on her household mobilization of economic resources, permitting an understanding of the patterns underlying household economic behavior that is not possible in univariate analyses of socioeconomic variables. For the Bolivian women the strategy involving more education and higher occupational status was associated with higher measures of several nutritional status indicators, including body mass index, arm muscle area, and peripheral skinfolds. But among the Samoan women, where substantial obesity was the norm, there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements based on economic strategies. These data argue for the importance of directly measuring the potential consequences of variation in household economic strategies rather than merely inferring such, and of assessing ethnographically relevant aspects of household economic production rather than limiting analyses to non-context-specific economic indicators such as income. This focus on household strategy is likely to be fruitful especially where economic and nutritional conditions are marginal. The findings from Bolivia also support efforts in developing countries to improve girls' education, and thereby occupational prospects, as a means to improve their health status as women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anthropometry of the scapula: clinical and surgical considerations.

Anthropometric measurements were taken on 266 scapulas from the "G. Marro" Egyptian skeletal collection of the Department of Anthropology of the University of Turin in Italy to study the orthopaedic pathologic condition of the shoulder joints. Data were taken on the size and shape of the acromial arch in relation to the inclination and anatomic variants of the acromion. The rarity of the "hooked" form was confirmed, and two variants of the acromial vault (i.e., one predominantly osseous and the other predominantly fibrous) were recognized. The spatial location and biomechanical importance of the coracoid process were considered. Orientation of the glenoid fossa furnishes an osseous base for the stability of the scapulohumeral joint both anteroposteriorly and vertically. Observations on current practices of surgical intervention on the shoulder as reported in the literature and some anatomic skeletal basis of surgical access are discussed.

Acromion↗
PubMed1996

Critical anthropometry for menarche.

The objective of the study was to determine if any anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, and upper arm circumference, or the calculated body mass index observed at the time of menarche may be used as a threshold for menarche. The sample was randomly selected from 1133 girls aged 10-18 years from two groups, one residing in Lima, Peru, at 150 m above sea level, and the second in Cerro de Pasco, Peru, at 4340 m above sea level. For the purpose of this study, all girls who reached menarche at least 1 month before the study (n = 93) were considered as cases (girls at menarche); 88 girls without menarche at the time of the study were randomly matched by age and place of residence, and designated as controls. All subjects came from the same low socioeconomic status. Body weight at menarche was 44.6 +/- 5.09 kg (mean +/- SD; coefficient of variation [CV], 11.4%). Height at menarche was 151.6 +/- 5.5 cm (CV, 3.7%). Body mass index, defined as weight/height2.15, was 18.26 +/- 1.96 kg/m2.15 at menarche (CV, 10.7%). Upper arm circumference at menarche was 21.8 +/- 1.6 cm (CV, 7.3%). The logistic regression analysis showed that any of the four anthropometric measurements analyzed were critical for menarche; i.e., any of the four could be used as a threshold for menarche. Data from the present study do not support the hypothesis that there are anthropometric markers that are critical for menarche.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis: conventional anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. A cross-sectional study in Dutch patients.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is clinically relevant. Methods to measure nutritional status should be reliable and non-invasive, and reference values should be available. AIM: To compare weight and height measurements and measurements of specific body compartments in children with CF. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey of 58 children with CF (28 females), we compared height and weight (expressed as: weight-for-height, body mass index (BMI), height-for-age and weight-for-age) with fat mass (skinfold sum (SFS)), muscle mass (upper arm circumference (UAC)) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results were expressed as Z-scores, using Dutch reference values. RESULTS: BMI and weight-for-height were within the normal range (mean Z-score (range): -0.13 (-1.5, 2.7) and -0.02 (-1.7, 2.8)). Weight and height corrected for age were below normal (mean Z-score (range): -0.79 (-2.4, -0.05) and -1.2 (-2.8, 1.4) (P<0.01)). Lean body mass by skinfold sum (LBM(sfs)), UAC and BIA were also significantly below reference values (mean Z-score (range): -0.9 (-2.2, 1.8), -0.95 (-2.4, 1.8) and -1.1 (-3.6, 1.0) (P<0.01)). Lean body mass (LBM) by BIA correlated with LBM(sfs). BIA systematically underestimated LBM in both CF patients and in control subjects. CONCLUSION: Nutritional status of children with CF must be evaluated, using age-corrected weight and height expressed in Z-score. LBM estimated by SFS, UAC and by BIA appear to be useful, although longitudinal studies in CF children should be performed to evaluate their clinical significance in detecting changes in nutritional status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Determinants of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins 1-3 in premenopausal women: physical activity and anthropometry (Netherlands).

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic studies suggest that subjects with elevated plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I are at increased risk of developing cancer. The objective of our study was to assess whether cancer risk factors such as lack of physical activity, obesity, and central body fat distribution are associated with plasma levels of IGF-I and related proteins (i.e. IGF binding proteins 1-3 and C-peptide). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 225 premenopausal women, aged 49-57, participating in the Prospect-EPIC study in the Netherlands. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and C-peptide were determined. On the day of blood collection height, weight, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Habitual physical activity was assessed using a validated self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean concentrations of plasma IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and C-peptide were 156.1, 14.3, 434.4, 3062, and 2.86 ng/ml, respectively. Women in the highest tertile for physical activity had lower plasma concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and C-peptide, and higher concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, as compared to women in the lowest tertile. However, these differences were not statistically significant. BMI and related measures were significantly inversely associated with IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, and positively with IGFBP-3 and C-peptide. Linear regression analyses showed that the non-significant association of physical activity with components of the plasma IGF system was further attenuated by adjusting for obesity and central body fat distribution. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that an active lifestyle is not independently associated with the plasma IGF system. We did confirm that a lean body shape is associated with higher concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, and possibly also with lower concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

A prospective study of medical conditions, anthropometry, physical activity, and pancreatic cancer in male smokers (Finland).

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between several medical conditions, anthropometric measurements, occupational and leisure physical activity, and pancreatic cancer in a cohort of male Finnish smokers. METHODS: We performed a cohort analysis of the 172 subjects who developed pancreatic cancer between 1985 and 1997 (median 10.2 years follow-up) among the 29,048 male smokers, 50-69 years old, who had complete baseline data and participated in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We observed positive associations between pancreatic cancer risk and self-reported history of diabetes mellitus (HR=2.02, 95% CI 1.17-3.50) and bronchial asthma (HR=2.16, 95% CI 1.17-3.98). Men having combined occupational and leisure activity greater than at sedentary levels had reduced risk for the cancer; for example those with moderate/heavy activity in both settings showed a HR of 0.42 (95% CI 0.22-0.83). There were no significant associations with other self-reported illnesses, total or HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, height, weight, or body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma predict the subsequent risk of developing pancreatic cancer in male smokers, and that greater physical activity may reduce the risk.

Aged↗