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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Biotechnology and food security in the 21st century.

Biotechnology can contribute to future food security if it benefits sustainable small-farm agriculture in developing countries. Presently, agrobiotechnology research cites ethical, safety, and intellectual property rights issues. Protection of intellectual property rights encourages private sector investment in agrobiotechnology, but in developing countries the needs of smallholder farmers and environmental conservation are unlikely to attract private funds. Public investment will be needed, and new and imaginative public-private collaboration can make the gene revolution beneficial to developing countries. This is crucial for the well-being of today's hungry people and future generations.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conditions and problems of the labour force in agriculture.

"This paper...deals with the conditions of the agricultural labour force in the [ESCWA] region.... The study propounds several proposals which collectively could form the broad outlines of a policy aimed at finding proper solutions for the problems of the agricultural labour force in the countries of the region." The author focuses on Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in development sectors: Have we learnt the lessons from gender mainstreaming?

Drawing on an international literature review, two international workshops and primary qualitative research in Uganda this paper reviews experiences of mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in development sectors (such as education, health and agriculture) in developing countries. The extent to which HIV/AIDS mainstreaming strategies and associated challenges are similar to or different from those of mainstreaming gender in the health sector is also explored. The paper details the rationale for HIV/AIDS mainstreaming through illustrating the wide reaching effects of the pandemic. Despite the increasing interest in mainstreaming HIV/AIDS there is little clarity on what it actually means in theory or practice. This paper presents a working definition of HIV/AIDS mainstreaming. It is argued that all too often processes of 'mainstreaming' emerge as too narrow and reductionist to be effective. The paper then considers four key challenges for mainstreaming HIV/AIDS and explores how and to what extent they have also been faced in gender mainstreaming and what can be learnt from these experiences. These are: (1) the limited evidence base upon which to build mainstreaming strategies in different country contexts; (2) the role of donors in mainstreaming and implications for sustainability; (3) who should take responsibility for mainstreaming; and (4) how to develop capacity for mainstreaming. The conclusion argues for more joined up thinking and sustainable approaches to mainstreaming both HIV/AIDS and gender.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Recent progress in agricultural biotechnology and opportunities for contract research and development.

The global market for agriculture products and agriculture-based value-added products is undergoing change as the top players in agriculture and agricultural biotechnology face increased consolidation and ultimately form alliances in development, production and marketing. Transgenic plants for human consumption and industrial applications are entering the marketplace. Novel, genetically engineered, plant-based organisms (GMO) designed for resistance to herbicides, pesticides and environmental stress or for the production of valuable chemicals, pharmaceuticals and vaccines are available. A growing demand for bioprocessing, test production, scale-up or providing data for registration has created new opportunities for contract research and development (CR&D) firms.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

A government agency's responsibility to the consumer.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Agricultural Biotechnology developed a proactive stance for informing consumers about biotechnology in 1987. Using a variety of information vehicles, the Office of Agricultural Biotechnology has developed a dialogue with various groups having different and sometimes very strident opinions about the use of genetic engineering in plants and animals. At the same time, the government agency has fulfilled its mandate to neither promote nor discourage the use of biotechnology methods in research, but rather to present the data and thus allow consumers to make an informed decision.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The developing world benefits from plant biotechnology.

This article presents the view that the developing world benefits from plant biotechnology. To support this view, evidence is presented showing that plant biotechnology has already had a beneficial impact on millions of farmers of the developing world who have chosen to grow Bt cotton, resulting in fewer pesticide sprayings and increased yields and profits. Leaders, scientists, and farmers in developing countries have expressed their need for plant biotechnology, and in some developing countries, ongoing projects are applying plant biotechnology to improve indigenous crops. Nutrition education efforts should evaluate crop biotechnology from the perspective of the developing world.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health and safety in agriculture: situation and priorities at the beginning of the third millennium.

Agriculture is a human activity, which includes a number of different tasks and occupies a huge number of people worldwide. Estimates of World Bank for 2003 suggest that 51% of globalpopulation lives in rural areas. ILO estimates that 1.3 billion of workers are engaged in agriculture, and they represent almost a half of the total number of economically active subjects (2,838,897,404). In developed countries, agriculture workers are only a small fraction of the whole work force (up to 9% according to ILO data), while in developing countries, especially in Asia, agriculture workers represent up to the 60% of the total work force. Most agriculture workers reside in Asia, in the Pacific (74%) and in Africa (16%). ILO estimates suggest that half of fatal occupational injuries in the world are attributable to agriculture. This means that around 170,000 agriculture workers die every year as a consequence of occupational injuries. Using the same estimate, half of the fatal accidents could be linked to agricultural activities (more than 130 million). Comparing this estimate with the 6.328.217 people injured in war in 2002 or with the 20-50 million injured victims of road accidents, one has a much clearer picture about the importance of preventing agricultural injuries. In a complicated situation such as occupational health and safety problems in agriculture, it is not so easy to select priorities clearly. But "legalization" of agriculture workers could be a key to solving all the other problems. Actual data on fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries in agriculture show that occupational health and safety issues are among the top priorities for that discipline.

Accidents, Occupational↗