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PubMed2006

Visualisation and interaction design solutions to address specific demands in shared home care.

UNLABELLED: When care professionals from different organisations are involved in patient care, their different views on the care process may not be meaningfully integrated. OBJECTIVE: To use visualisation and interaction design solutions addressing the specific demands of shared care in order to support a collaborative work process. METHODS: Participatory design, comprising interdisciplinary seminar series with real users and iterative prototyping, was applied. RESULTS: A set of interaction and visualisation design solutions to address care professionals' requirements in shared home care is presented, introducing support for identifying origin of information, holistic presentation of information, user group specific visualisation, avoiding cognitive overload, coordination of work and planning, and quick overviews. The design solutions are implemented in an integrated virtual health record system supporting cooperation and coordination in shared home care for the elderly. The described requirements are, however, generalized to comprise all shared care work. CONCLUSION: The presented design considerations allow healthcare professionals in different organizations to share patient data on mobile devices. Visualization and interaction design facilitates specific work situations and assists in handling specific demands in shared care. The user interface is adapted to different user groups with similar yet distinct needs. Consequently different views supporting cooperative work and presenting shared information in holistic overviews are developed.

Delivery of Health Care, Integrated↗
PubMed1990

Revisiting "The strengths of pharmacy": the 1953 Remington Medal address.

Five reasons for the continued strength of the pharmacy profession, each of which was originally proposed in 1953 by Hugh Muldoon, are explored in this address by 1990 Remington Medalist Joseph A. Oddis. The strengths of pharmacy in the 1990s are based on the same factors that served the profession well in the 1950s. As outlined in Muldoon's 1953 Remington Medal address, these factors are (1) pharmacists' character and motivation, (2) the profession's public trust, (3) the profession's respect for education, (4) pharmacy's willingness to confront its problems, and (5) pharmacy's concern for the future. Today's pharmacists are strongly motivated; they continue to strive to raise the level of services provided in all practice settings and to maximize their value to patients. Pharmacists retain a high degree of public trust; they should take advantage of this position to expand their scope of services in areas such as managed care. During the 1990s pharmacy's concern for education is focused on pharmacy work force needs as a whole, including issues related to technical personnel and specialization as well as the role of the Pharm.D. degree in the overall education program. Pharmacy's willingness to resolve its problems is evident in the growth of such organizations as the Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners, which has allowed the profession to achieve strength through unity. Pharmacy's concern for the future is reflected in the deliberations at recent conferences on Pharmacy in the 21st Century, where participants concurred that pharmacy's highest priority is to demonstrate and communicate to others its value in health care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Education, Pharmacy↗
PubMed1986

[Mother's language addressed to her baby during the 1st year: value in studying early interactions].

This article aims to demonstrate the value of the analysis of maternal language in the study of mother-infant interactions. It reviews questions confronting three types of data in the literature: modifications in the language of mothers when they address a baby, the early mother infant interactions in their verbal and non-verbal aspects, the recent linguistic findings and notably those of utterance acts theory. The different approaches discussed complement each other. Through them one sees how the analysis of maternal language can enrich the description of observable behavior in mother-child interactions and can make possible the exploration of the successive representations which the mother has both of her child and of herself as a maternal figure. In conclusion, we propose several lines of inquiry, drawn from utterance acts theory, which reveals the relationship between the words addressed to the baby, the partners in the interaction, and the situational context. This permits us to look at the way in which the baby's identity as a subject is progressively constituted for the mother.

Female↗
PubMed1995

A program plan addressing carpal tunnel syndrome: the utility of King's goal attainment theory.

1. Today's nurse is prepared to address the needs of groups of individuals who share common characteristics or risks (aggregates). Program planning skills and ability to use nursing theory can enhance the nurse's effectiveness in addressing the needs of such aggregates. 2. Carpal tunnel syndrome and other repetitive stress injuries are very costly to industry, both in terms of monetary loss and lost work hours. Such injuries can be reduced in the workplace through careful observation and communication of trends by the nurse. 3. The systems perspective of King's goal attainment theory guided the nurse in problem solving and facilitating the development of a workplace capable of responding to trends as they occur.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Should healthcare reform be 'color-blind'? Addressing the barriers to improving minority health.

The scandalous disparity between the health indicators for minority and nonminority and poor and nonpoor populations is of such long standing that it has lost th power to shock. The authors review the landmark studies of the past year which document discrimination in the healthcare system. They reiterate the most compelling statistics of mortality, birth, the AIDS epidemic, destructive health habits, and poverty. They trace the impact of healthcare policy on these vulnerable populations and address the myth that malpractice claims are filed more frequently by the poor. They conclude that equality is instrumental to the improvement of the nation's health demographics; the persistence of economic, social, and political discrimination will continue to create barriers even if financial access is assured through a pluralistic approach to healthcare reform. Ultimately, they predict that any healthcare reform that does not address minority issues is doomed to fail if all three areas driving the national "crisis"--access, cost, and quality--do not encompass minority-specific healthcare strategies.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1994

Addressing emerging infectious disease threats: a prevention strategy for the United States. Executive summary.

The spectrum of infectious disease is changing rapidly in conjunction with dramatic societal and environmental changes. Worldwide, explosive population growth with expanding poverty and urban migration is occurring; international travel and commerce are increasing; and technology is rapidly changing-all of which affect the risk of exposure to infectious agents. Recent examples of important emerging infectious diseases include prolonged diarrheal illness due to waterborne cryptosporidium, hemorrhagic colitis and renal failure from foodborne Escherichia coli O157:H7, pneumonia and middle-ear infections caused by drug-resistant pneumococci, and rodentborne hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. These diseases as well as resurgent diseases (e.g., tuberculosis and cholera) illustrate human vulnerability to microorganisms in the environment. Three recent reports by the Institute of Medicine document the need to address emerging infectious disease threats. In partnership with representatives from health departments, other federal agencies, medical and public health professional associations, and international organizations, CDC has developed a strategic plan to address emerging infectious disease threats. The plain contains four goals that emphasize surveillance, applied research, prevention and control, and public health infrastructure. To ensure sustainability, plan implementation will be approached in stages, as a long-term endeavor with emphasis on extramural programs. As health-care reform proceeds, priority should be given to strengthening partnerships between health-care providers, microbiologists, and public health professionals to detect and control emerging infectious diseases.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1993

Use of postal codes and addresses in the analysis of health data.

This article describes various ways of using postal codes and addresses to analyze health data. It gives examples of files that contain data suitable for coding to small areas, explains how the coding can be done efficiently using the Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF), and shows various ways of analyzing the resulting data. It also points out limitations of the data and methods, and suggests ways of avoiding or working around some of the problems frequently encountered. Examples are given of several types of analytical studies based on data coded to local area through use of postal codes and addresses. Examples are also given of simpler types of analysis not requiring recourse to the PCCF, which are based on only the first three characters of the postal code.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1995

In search of effective programs to address students' emotional distress and behavioral problems. Part II: Critique of school- and community-based programs.

Part I of this article discussed the dimensions of students' emotional distress and behavioral problems and proposed school programs to address it. This section evaluates the school- and community-based programs advocated in educational, psychological, and psychiatric journals over the past five years. Twenty-nine articles were selected, and the programs classified by location, focus, and format. Their merits and limitations based on their results are discussed. This review found that (1) some programs poorly defined the study populations; (2) emotional distress was not included as a criterion; (3) a strictly behavioral approach or narrow focus on specific populations or issues prevailed. Only four programs used emotional expression and social support; (4) outcome measures focused on specific behaviors with only one study evaluating the emotional outcome; (5) none addressed the student's acceptance of the program; (6) only five measured the outcome beyond the immediate termination of the intervention, and only to a limited degree. While the programs reviewed support the likelihood that such interventions may be helpful, definitive conclusions which can be generalized to average high school students are still lacking. Recommendations for future school-based programs are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Obesity and hypertension among African Americans: do African-American primary care providers address these conditions when secondary to primary illness?

This study examined the extent that black family medicine residents manage African-American patients with hypertension and obesity secondary to the primary health problem. A retrospective chart survey of 1806 outpatients was used to select a sample of 362 patients being treated by 12 African-American family medicine residents. Of the 362 patient charts, 31.2% of the patients had hypertension (ie, blood pressure > or = 140/90 mm Hg). A plan for managing hypertension was found in the charts for 77% of these patients. Obesity was present among 37% of the patients, and yet there was documentation of a treatment plan for managing this condition for only 38% of these patients. Black family medicine residents appear to be sensitized about addressing the problem of hypertension among African-American patients being treated for other illnesses. However, there is a vital need to teach family medicine physicians how to address and aggressively manage the problem of obesity among African-American patients, particularly those patients for whom obesity was not the primary reason for seeking medical care.

Black People↗
PubMed1997

Addressing violence in the dialysis unit.

The tragic slaying of a Bakersfield, California dialysis unit administrator in October 1996 (see 12/96, NN&I) highlights the potential for violence in the dialysis facility. In this case, the administrator was shot, while on duty, by a terminated and disgruntled employee who then shot and killed herself. In Part I of this article we present some statistics on violence in the workplace and what the Occupational Health and Safety Administration has offered to help employers address the problem. In Part II, published next month in NN&I, we will address how to identify potential violent behavior and ways employers can help avoid it in the future.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Addressing preconception risks identified at the time of a negative pregnancy test. A randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: A preconception care program has the potential to assist women who want to become pregnant by advising these women about risk factors, healthy lifestyles, and assessing readiness for pregnancy. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive preconception risk assessment at the time of a negative pregnancy test followed by referral to primary care services is effective in initiating treatment for women with preconception risk factors. METHODS: One hundred seventy women were offered preconception risk assessment following a negative pregnancy test. Women were assigned randomly either to a usual care group or an intervention group. Women in the latter group were informed about the risks identified and received an appointment with a primary care clinician who was also informed. Women in the usual care group and their clinicians received no feedback. All charts were reviewed and the women were contacted by telephone to determine if interventions to reduce risk were offered by clinicians during the year following the assessment. RESULTS: An average of 8.96 risks were identified per woman. The proportion of women having risks in each of 12 risk categories studied ranged from 19% to 71%. One hundred women (59%) made at least one visit during the subsequent year, thus allowing the opportunity for preconception care. The proportion of these women who had a risk addressed ranged from 18% for psychosocial risks to 48% for those with fetal exposures (smoking, alcohol, and drug use). There was no difference between groups in the percentage of risks addressed. CONCLUSIONS: The notification of women and their clinicians of identified preconception risks did not improve intervention rates. A more organized intervention system including office-based protocols is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) worldwide educational program on lung cancer: a keynote address presented by the president of the IASLC.

BACKGROUND: In this keynote address presented at the American Cancer Society International Conference on Prevention and Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer, Varese, Italy, in 1998, the genesis and the activities of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) are outlined. IASLC is devoted institutionally to promoting education and international cooperation in the entire field of lung carcinoma knowledge, from basic research to advanced strategies in treatment. From its foundation in 1974 by an international group of specialists from all medical branches concerned with lung carcinoma, the IASLC organized 8 world conferences and over 60 international workshops or symposia on lung carcinoma. Moreover, in recent years, IASLC has been instrumental in setting up postgraduate medical programs in countries that have limited resources and an increasing incidence of lung carcinoma.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed2026

Addressing racism as a clinical competence: Robert Wilson, Jr. (1867-1946).

Addressing health inequity is now recognized as a clinical competency in medical education. We examined the career and writings of Robert Wilson Jr. (1867-1946), longtime dean of the Medical College of the State of South Carolina during the Jim Crow Era, using primary and secondary sources within the context of systemic and structural racism, particularly in South Carolina. Wilson used public health data to refute the "Black Extinction Hypothesis" rooted in social Darwinism. He challenged assumptions of inherent Black susceptibility to tuberculosis, linking disease instead to social determinants of health. He also identified disproportionate mortality from kidney and cardiovascular disease among Black populations, anticipating modern health disparities research. Wilson further acknowledged systemic injustice and implicated structural conditions, including housing, in shaping outcomes. In an era of continuing health inequity and racial health disparities, Wilson applied empirical evidence to reject biological determinism, identify outcomes disparities, and advocate for racial justice.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2004

The 2003 ASBMB-Avanti Award in Lipids Address: Applications of novel synthetic lipids to biological problems.

This paper is an overview of the 2003 Avanti Award in Lipids address that was presented by Robert Bittman at the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) Annual Meeting held in San Diego, CA in conjunction with meetings of five other FASEB Societies, April 15, 2003. The theme of the lecture is: "How can the chemical synthesis of unnatural lipids provide insights into problems ranging from cell biology to biophysics?" The following examples are presented: (1) novel ceramide analogs as experimental anticancer agents, (2) photoactivatable sphingosine 1-phosphate analogs as probes of protein targets of this bioactive lipid, (3) a 13C-enriched cerebroside as a quantitative probe of glycosphingolipid (GSL) transbilayer distribution in bilayers with and without sphingomyelin, (4) cis and trans unsaturated sphingomyelin analogs as modulators of the existence of cholesterol-enriched microdomains (rafts) that may facilitate fusion of alphaviruses with target membranes, (5) ceramide as an indirect enhancer of the permeabilization of membranes induced by cholesterol-specific cytolysins, (6) fluorescent GSL analogs of widely disparate structure as probes of the molecular features responsible for the selective internalization of GSLs in caveolae of living mammalian cells, (7) enantiomeric lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) analogs as probes of receptor subtypes that mediate LPA signaling, and (8) phosphonocholine analogs of the antitumor ether lipid ET-18-OCH3 as tools for discerning the primary targets that are critical for cytotoxic activity in tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Presidential Address: the International Organization of Psychophysiology (I.O.P.) in the 21st Century: in Commemoration of the 20th Anniversary of I.O.P. associated with the United Nations (New York).

This Presidential Address commemorates the 20th Anniversary of the International Organization of Psychophysiology (I.O.P.) and its multiple contributions. I.O.P.'s leadership at the scientific, humanitarian, social and political levels is discussed and its special functions within the United Nations and the World Health Organization are emphasized. The status of neuroscientific Psychophysiology as a leading discipline of Brain Science and Brain Medicine is underlined.

Anniversaries and Special Events↗
PubMed2003

Valedictory address from Ian Benington OBE of the British Dental Association.

Professor Ian Benington OBE was installed as the President of the British Dental Association at last year's British and Irish Dental Association's Annual Conference in Belfast 2002. At this year's 2003 British Dental Association's Annual Conference in Manchester on April 24-26, 2003, he gave his valedictory address.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Presidential address delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology, October 12,2002. The APOPTOSIS of dermatopathology?

It is a privilege and an honor for me to have served as your president in this past year and to have the opportunity to address you today. In this presentation, I am using the term 'APOPTOSIS' as an acronym (Fig. 1). I do not necessarily mean to imply apoptosis here in its literal meaning; you may well infer it to be so after listening to my presentation and your own personal experience. For reasons of logic, I will not be discussing the various letters in order.

Dermatology↗