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PubMed1990

[The therapeutic problems of medicine in catastrophes].

There are lack of principle differences between the problems of medical aid during the military and civil disasters, and therefore one can draw a conclusion concerning the validity and necessity of using the experience of military medics in disaster medicine during peace-time. The following aspects are discussed: organization of therapeutic caring of the victims during Chernobyl's AES disaster, earthquake in Armenia and accident in chemical enterprise "Nitrogen" in Jonava. Requirements to the teams for emergency medical service have been formulated with determination of Principles of putting them into practice; the further directions of therapeutic aid improvement are outlined.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

[The neurosurgical aspects of medicine in catastrophes].

This paper introduces experience in specialized urgent neurosurgical help to the casualties with neurotrauma after explosion in Arzamas (116 patients), after the earthquake in Armenia (737 pts) and gas explosions in Bashkiria (42 pts). Quotes of neurotrauma and injury types depended on biomechanical aspects and on the difference of the hits. Problems of diagnosis, sorting and surgical treatment are discussed.

Armenia↗
PubMed1989

[Functional methods of examination of the victims of the earthquake with crush syndrome in the Armenian S.S.R].

The authors have developed a complex of measures including the known (tetrapolar rheoplethysmography, liver and kidney radiography) and the new tests (soft tissue scintigraphy) that have been used for the first time in this condition. Employment of these tests for the examination and monitoring the treatment of patients who were injured in the earthquake in Armenia has helped quantitatively assess the structural and functional shifts in the vital organs and injured limbs in the crush syndrome, thus being valuable for the organization and monitoring the efficacy of therapy and for predicting the outcome of injury.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

[Formation of functional stumps of the extremities in severe mechanical trauma].

The authors analyze the treatment of 54 patients with 65 limb stumps resultant from injuries to the limbs in 41 patients shortly exposed to traumatic agents and in 13 patients after a prolonged crushing of the limb during the earthquake in Armenia. Amputations were carried out as primary surgical wound treatment followed by open healing of the wound. To prevent infections, 12 patients were treated with the use of a local gnotobiologic isolation, the rest by traditional methods with due consideration for the wound process. Local treatment of stump wounds in the patients with the crush syndrome involved some specific measures because of massive necroses and deep suppuration. For the early formation of functional stumps of the limbs, wound treatment was followed by reconstructive surgery by closing the stump wound defect with massive removed skin and subcutaneous fat flaps and subsequent active drainage of the wound. Postoperative treatment was aimed at improving the microcirculation in the skin grafts. The status of the stump soft tissues and bone was assessed over the course of treatment by limb scintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate. Such investigation helps determine the optimal terms for reconstructive surgery and predict its outcome. Good results were achieved: 80.6% of patients were supplied with prostheses within 3-4 months after the injury.

Amputation Stumps↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of open injuries in the victims of the earthquake in Armenian SSR].

The results of treatment of 36 patients injured during the earthquake in Armenia are analyzed. The patients had severe traumas: open injuries to the limbs, complicated by nephro- and hepatopathies. The periods of the limb crushing with fragments of ruined buildings varied from 3 hours to 3 days. The treatment modalities included conservative and operative detoxication (hemoperfusion, hemodiafiltration, hemofiltration, prolonged endolymphatic infusions of drugs), active surgical strategy, rehabilitation of patients. Seven amputations, 7 reamputations, and 21 necrectomies were performed in 36 patients by vital indications; no lethal outcomes were recorded. Restorative skin plasty was performed in 14 patients with 19 limb stumps, with good functional outcomes. The patients were directed to the Central Research Institute of Prosthetics to be supplied with prostheses. Only in 3 patients with the upper limb crushing the development of stable ischemic contractures could not be prevented.

Amputation Stumps↗
PubMed1989

[Use of infrared ray laser irradiation in the rehabilitation treatment of patients with long-term crush syndrome in an emergency care hospital].

The principle 'rehabilitation starts in a resuscitation ward' has been realized in the resuscitation treatment of 34 patients with the prolonged crush syndrome (PCS) who were injured during the earthquake in Armenia. Laser therapy has been fairly effective, normalizing the external respiration function and central hemodynamics and reducing the blood coagulability. Instrumental vibration massage and acupuncture are recommended to be added to rehabilitation treatment of PCS patients.

Armenia↗
PubMed1986

[Formation of a streptothricin-group antibiotic by a Streptomyces glaucus 1136 culture].

In screening of new antibiotics a streptomycete (strain 1136) was isolated from a soil sample of Armenia. It showed no antagonistic properties in streek cultures on agarized media. When grown under submerged conditions strain 1136 produced an antibiotic active against grampositive and gramnegative bacteria. By its cultural and morphological properties strain 1136 was classified as Streptomyces glaucus Agre et Preobrazhenskaya, 1983. Microbiological and chemical investigation of the antibiotic produced by strain provided its identification at the early stages of the investigation as an antibiotic of the streptothricin group. Up to now no organisms producing streptothricin antibiotics were detected among streptomycetes of the Azureus section including strain 1136.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ecology and morphology of the horsefly Tabanus infestus (Tabanidae)].

Unknown earlier male, larva and pupa of Tabanus infestus Bog. et Sam. are described. The male of the species differs from these of T. armenicus and T. indrae in the absence of black hairs on tentacles, in thick long light pubescence of the body, and light pubescence of tibia of the 2nd and 3d pairs of legs. T. infestus is distributed in Armenia and Nakhichevan ASSR in mountain regions at the altitude of 1400 to 1700 m. Larvae, hydrobionts-reophils, develop under stones on the bottom of mountain streams and rivers at the depth of 60 cm. The flight of tabanids lasts depending on the altitude from the first decade of July to the middle of August.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tactics and general principles in the treatment of polytraumatized disaster victims.

The authors reviewed their experiences of treating masses of victims after disasters in Arzamas, Armenia, and Ethiopia. To handle these vast numbers of victims, local hospitals were reorganized into specialized clinics with appropriate equipment and medical personnel. Some of the patients were evacuated to multispecialized clinics or rear hospitals. A complex of diagnostic and treatment modalities were used on these patients, including intrabone injections, immunoprophylaxis for purulent complications, skin and bone grafting and external fixation systems designed in Russia. The overwhelming majority of the patients was discharged with good results. To prevent common tactical, treatment, and surgical mistakes, it is necessary to improve medical education to train multispecialized teams in disaster medicine prepared to work under extreme conditions.

Armenia↗
PubMed1995

[Endotoxemia in crush syndrome].

The crush syndrome developing in casualties in mass catastrophes is the cause of their high mortality rates. We examined 18 children aged from 9 to 14 years with the crush syndrome who suffered during the earthquake in Armenia. Besides other laboratory studies, the test for the titer of antibodies (TA) to endotoxin was performed. Despite the applied complex therapy, the children's condition grew worse on day 8. The TA level reduced threefold. Six patients received a single infusion of plasma with naturally increased TA titer in a dose of 10 ml/kg. On the following day after TA infusion, the condition of children in the experimental group improved, the clinical picture of endotoxemia in the control group persisted for 10-12 days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Crossing the threshold.

Armenia has been plagued with economic and political difficulties, which have had a negative impact on health care for women. Boston's Beth Israel Hospital, in conjunction with Harvard Medical School, helped establish a women's health center in Yerevan that concentrates on preventive gynecologic care. The experiences of four residents who participated in the project are described.

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed1993

[Development of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in extreme circumstances].

The screening for tuberculosis among children and adolescents living in seismically dangerous regions, from families of the refugees and migrants has elicited a dramatic deterioration of tuberculosis-related epidemiological situation not only in the disaster regions, but in Armenia on the whole. The number of children and adolescents with active pulmonary and CNS tuberculosis has been growing. The disease is characterized by frequently occurring severe, disseminated and generalized forms with distruction and bacterial discharge. More cases have been detected of tuberculous meningitis, caseous pneumonia with manifest tuberculous intoxication, family tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The principles of aviation support for rescue-evacuation operations in eliminating the consequences of disasters].

Analysing practical results of an Air Force participation in liquidation of the earthquake consequences in Armenia, 1988, and after technological catastrophe in Bashkiria, 1989, the authors substantiate the role and significance of air transportation in the system of rescue and evacuation measures, define main tasks for aviation, propose methods for calculation of required number of aircraft and its types. The data cited in this article have formed a basis for the principles of air support during rescue and evacuation procedures.

Accidents↗
PubMed1996

[The clinico-biochemical characteristics of periodontal diseases in subjects who are under conditions of constant, permanent stress].

A comparative study of prevalence of periodontal diseases in an indigenous Armenian population and a population of refugees in Armenia has been performed. The refugees population was considered a population of subjects under permanent stress conditions. It has been shown that in the refugees population there are higher prevalence of periodontal diseases, first of all periodontitis, and more marked heaviness of injures in periodontal tissues that those in the indigenous population. These changes were accompanied with elevated signs of disturbances of hemo-endothelial balance. In particular, there were profound alterations of normal ratio of 6-keto-PGF1a/NXB2 and increased level of markers for endothelial disorganization, thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor, in the blood. It is that stress-induced disturbances of the hemo-endothelial balance among the refugees may contribute to developing periodontal diseases in this population.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1996

[The role of risk factors in the development of a hemoendothelial imbalance in periodontal diseases].

The given piece investigates the spreading of parodontitis in Armenia in linkage with such factors as diabetes, arthritis, stresses which have proved to have their influence on leukocyte-endothelial balance. The spreading of various forms of parodontitis was revealed with almost 70% of the examined among Armenian population. For patients with diabetes, arthritis and its combination with arterial hypertension this indicator grew up to 90%. The number of patients with parodontitis has especially increased. A drastic increase of markers of endothelia disorganization was observed among these patients in comparison with all the other examined groups. The growth of the levels of the investigated markers remains dependent on the seriousness of the generalized paradontitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Variability of the morphological traits in the blood-sucking black fly Odagmia caucasica (Diptera: Simuliidae)].

Eleven morphometric and four qualitative features of larvae, as well as 6 morphometric parameters of pupae of Odagmia caucasica, which had been collected in 5 geographically remote regions of Armenia, have been studied. In this work besides absolute values of features we have used their ratios (indices) that shows forms and proportions of different organs. It was found, that larvae taken from Bzhni and Getashen had asymmetry of bilateral characteristics and that there were differences in the level of morphometric features variability; the latter fact is connected with sex and phase of the insect. Study of chronological variability of populations from Bzhni, Getashen and Martuni has revealed differences in the nature of distribution of features. It was shown that the rate of differentiation between geographically isolated populations fluctuated in the range from 20 (Getashen) to 33% (Amassiya). Differences in the qualitative alternative features and in the rate of microsporidium infection distinguish the differentiation of populations from Bzhni and Amassiya, which is caused by anthropogenic factor in Bzhni and by isolating landscape barrier in Amassiya. Species-specific morphometric features were discovered; these were the indices of proportions of larva ventral sclerite and of pupa respiratory filaments.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Features of the distribution of haplotype phenotypes and genes in the Armenian population].

Phenotypes and genes of the serum haptoglobin (HP) system were studied in connection with antigens of the systems ABO, Rhesus (D), Pp, MN, and Gm and with the sex of probands from the Armenian population. The data are compared with similar studies on some populations of the Caucasus, Asia, Europe, America, and Africa. Comparative analysis revealed some peculiarities of the studied phenotype distribution in the population of Armenians from Armenia. The A phenotype of the ABO system is shown to be positively associated with the HP1-1 variant.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The European Task Force for Disaster Relief: a multi-disciplinary team approach.

After the earthquake in Armenia, the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) Commission on Acute Renal failure, in cooperation with the United States National Kidney Foundation, has created a Disaster Relief Task Force to deal with post-disaster nephrology assistance to the affected victims (1). Its main purpose is to prevent and treat crush injury-induced ARF that occurs following traumatic rhabdomyolysis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗