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PubMedDate not supplied

The comparative efficacy and safety of 5% povidone-iodine cream for topical antisepsis.

A 5% povidone-iodine cream (Betadine Cream, The Purdue Frederick Company, Norwalk, Conn.) was tested extensively to determine its safety and efficacy. Results of in vitro microbiologic comparison found that a representative panel of vegetative test organisms couldn't be recovered after 60 seconds or less exposure to povidone-iodine (PVP-I) cream, whereas the kill time of the combination-antibiotic cream (Neosporin Cream, Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC) exceeded 15 minutes for at least half of vegetative organisms. PVP-I cream produced a log reduction of Bacillus pumilis spores after less than one hour's exposure; the antibiotic cream did not. Both PVP-I and antibiotic creams were essentially non-irritating in human and in vivo animal studies. In open wounds, 5% PVP-I cream caused little or no burning and pain upon application. In human comparisons, artificially induced, standardized lesions inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, were treated twice daily with PVP-I cream or triple-antibiotic ointment (Neosporin Ointment, Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC) over three weeks. Both caused significantly reduced bacterial counts (p less than 0.001), and significantly faster healing (p less than 0.05) than no treatment.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

[Antisepsis of mucous membranes--current status and aspects of future development].

The mucous membranes colonized by high numbers of microorganisms play a major role as a source of nosocomial infections. According to clinical requirements it seems reasonable to distinguish three modes of application of antiseptics: 1. single prophylactic (prior to mucosa-penetrating interventions), 2. repeated periodical (wound care, treatment of oral cavity in intubated patients, decontamination of granulocytopenic patients), 3. therapeutic (local mucosal infections) including treatment of carriers to prevent transmission and spread of pathogens. Active agents commonly in use are PVP-iodine, cation-active detergents (e.g. chlorhexidine), oxygen-releasing compounds and organic mercury compounds. Presently chlorhexidine and PVP-iodine are the most frequently applied of these antiseptics while the organic mercury compounds are less important because of limited efficacy, toxicological and ecological problems. Preliminary data from investigations using a newly developed antiseptic, octenidine, a bispyridine compound, demonstrate reduction factors comparable to those obtained by PVP-iodine. Yet no standardized test methods for the efficacy of different substances and methods of application have been established.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[In vitro study of the antifungal activity of two chlorine derivatives to be used in antisepsis].

The activity of two chlorine derivates, sodium hypochlorite in water solution with NaCl (product A) and electrolytic chloroxidant (product B) has been tested in vitro against potentially human pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microsporum gypseum, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, Sporotrix schenkii). For A. niger, the relation of the two compounds has also been considered between mycelial and sporidial forms. Dilutions used ranged from 0.15 to 10% (corresponding to 17.2-1150 ppm of active principle for product A, and to 18.3-1220 ppm of active principle for product B). These were applied for different times in order to assess the minimal inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) and to evaluate the survival time of the microorganisms tested, which were strains from the collection of the Institute of Mycology, (Faculty of Agrarian Science, Perugia) and recently isolated ones from animal and vegetable tissues, cultivated on Sabouraud medium. The cell suspension to be tested was obtained on nutrient broth in shaken flasks (120 rpm) at 28 degrees C for 48 h, and was separated by centrifugation and 10000 rpm at 5 degrees C for 20 min, repeatedly washed with sterile physiologic saline and resuspended in sterile water where it was submitted to delicate pressure in order to fragment the mycelium. Activity tests were carried out on Sabouraud broth and Sabouraud agar with controls for every case without the active principle. Aliquots of the suspensions (microrganism++ + disinfectant) were transferred at regular intervals (1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes) to the two substrates in liquid and solid state, and the growth of microorganisms was followed at 28 degrees C for 48-72 h in the case of yeasts, and for up to 21 days in the case of sower growing fungi. The cell content of the different suspensions was found to range from 10(4) to 10(9) UFC/ml. The active chlorine contents of the two compounds was evaluated by iodometry simultaneously with the pH of the different solutions. Useful data were obtained from the comparison of the two systems of activity assessment of the fluid and agarized substrate. It was thus found that the two compounds were equally active against the species tested. Some of these (A. fumigatus, M. gypseum, A. niger, C. albicans, C. neoformans) were less sensitive to the compounds examined (doses for cell inactivation 0.62-2.5% for product A, and O.15-1.25% for product B) where at any rate product B was more active.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Fungi↗