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PubMed2005

Affect and sexual behavior in adolescents: a review of the literature and comparison of momentary sampling with diary and retrospective self-report methods of measurement.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of mental health is important in understanding sexual risk behavior in adolescents, yet few studies have examined how affect is directly related to sexual behavior. Momentary sampling (MS) methods permit real-time assessment of affect in relation to specific events and embed the collected data in the context of the respondent's moment-to-moment life. The objectives of this study were to review the literature on affect and sexual behavior and to compare the feasibility and acceptability of MS with diaries and retrospective self-report as a means of collecting temporally relevant data on affect and sexual behavior in adolescents. METHODS: Sexually active, nondepressed adolescent outpatients who were aged 15 to 18 years were randomly assigned to a schedule of the 3 methods of data collection for 2 weeks each. All participants completed a retrospective self-report by interview at the end of each 2-week period. In the diary arm, participants completed twice-daily paper-and-pencil diary cards, which were returned by mail. In the MS arm, participants used 2-way pagers to respond to several random pages per day. Primary outcomes included rates of completion (diaries vs MS reports) and the participants' tolerance of and preferences for the methods. A secondary outcome was the agreement in means for positive and negative affect and in report of days on which substance use and sexual activity occurred. Associations of affect with contextual factors and with sexual activity were also explored in the MS arm. RESULTS: Ten youths completed 30 of 30 retrospective self-reports (100%, 3 per participant, by design), 254 of 280 diaries (91%; mean: 25.4 per participant), and 442 of 600 MS reports (74%; mean: 44.2 per participant). Most participants preferred the MS method to the diaries or retrospective self-report. Affect scores and reports of sexual activity and substance use were correlated among the methods. Measured with MS, affect was found to differ by location, companionship, and thoughts when paged; notably, positive affect was highest when participants reported thoughts about sex. There was no difference in affect before versus after coitus. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that MS in adolescents is feasible and preferred and provides contextual, temporally relevant, event-level data on affect and sexual activity that are not readily measured with traditional methods. Future research using MS methods will be important in increasing our understanding of the link between affect and sexual behavior and inform the development of improved risk reduction interventions for adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family satisfaction and affect of men and their wives after myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To describe (1) the affect of patients who have had a myocardial infarction and their spouses during hospitalization, (2) the correlation between patient and spouse on affect and satisfaction with family function, and (3) the relationship between satisfaction with family function and affect for both patient and spouse. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional. SETTING: Five hospitals in the Delaware Valley: four were community based and one was a university medical center. PATIENTS: Thirty-five couples who were married and living together. Patients were men with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction without renal, vascular, cerebral, or pulmonary complications who had been transferred from the cardiac care unit before being discharged. MEASURES: The patient completed the medical and demographic data form. Both patient and spouse completed the Family APGAR, a five-item questionnaire designed to give a rapid overview of satisfaction with the functional status of either a nuclear or alternative lifestyle family, and the Affects Balance Scale, a 40-item adjective mood scale that measures positive affect states, negative affect states, and the balance between them. RESULTS: Both patients and spouses experienced considerable negative affect and reduced positive affect during hospitalization when compared with the norms for nonclinical subjects. Patients and spouses were highly correlated on both measures, particularly for satisfaction with family function and positive affect (p < 0.01). Positive affect and satisfaction with family function were significantly positively correlated for spouses (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was found that both patients (p = 0.001) and spouses (p = 0.032) who were married longer were more satisfied with family function and that older patients reported more positive affect (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Both male patients who have had a myocardial infarction and their spouses experienced considerable emotional distress during hospitalization, with the implications that assessment should focus on the family unit as well as the individual and that interventions be directed toward emotional as well as physical symptomatology. The results of this study also suggest that female spouses with lower satisfaction with family function and younger male patients may be at greater risk for higher levels of negative affect.

Affect↗
PubMed2003

Individual and familial risk factors for bipolar affective disorders in Denmark.

BACKGROUND: Few population-based studies have addressed risk factors for bipolar affective disorder. OBJECTIVE: To study the possible association between bipolar affective disorder and history of mental illness in a parent or sibling; urbanicity of birth place; season of birth; sibship characteristics, including birth order; influenza epidemics during pregnancy; and early parental loss. DESIGN: We used a population-based cohort of 2.1 million individuals based on data from the Danish Civil Registration System linked with the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. SETTING: Nationwide population-based sample of all individuals hospitalized or in outpatient clinic contact for the first time with bipolar affective disorder. Patients Overall, 2299 individuals were first diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder during the 31.8 million person-years of follow-up. RESULTS: Risk of bipolar affective disorder was associated with a history of bipolar affective disorder as well as other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, in parents or siblings. People with a first-degree relative with bipolar affective disorder had a 13.63-fold (95% confidence interval, 11.81-15.71) increased risk of bipolar affective disorder. No other consistent associations were found with the exception of an association between early parental loss, in particular maternal, and bipolar affective disorder. Children who experienced maternal loss before their fifth birthday had a 4.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.68-9.77) increased risk of bipolar affective disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Early parental loss may represent both environmental and genetic risk factors for bipolar affective disorder. Most of the risk factors included in our study that previously have been associated with schizophrenia were not associated with bipolar affective disorder, supporting that the 2 disorders may be at least partially separate etiological entities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Impact of BRCA1/2 testing and disclosure of a positive test result on women affected and unaffected with breast or ovarian cancer.

To evaluate the impact of BRCA1/2 testing and disclosure of a positive test result on women affected and unaffected with cancer. Longitudinal cohort study including women affected and unaffected with breast or ovarian cancer testing for a BRCA1/2 mutation. Data on well-being (anxiety, depression, cancer related distress, general health), treatment choice, and decision making about cancer prevention were collected at baseline (1 week after blood sampling; affected n = 192, unaffected n = 176) and at follow-up (2 weeks after disclosure of a positive test result; affected n = 23, unaffected n = 66). Women affected and unaffected with breast or ovarian cancer were compared using univariate statistics. Change over time was examined using repeated measures analysis of variance. With respect to well-being, affected women scored worse at baseline. At follow-up, both affected and unaffected women experienced a decline in well-being, which tended to be stronger in affected women. Women diagnosed with cancer less than 1 year previously tended to report a worse well-being than those diagnosed longer ago. With respect to treatment choice, more affected women intended to obtain prophylactic surgery and valued it higher at both time points. With respect to decision making, affected women had a lower preference for participation in decision making at baseline; no differences were found at follow-up. At follow-up, both affected and unaffected women showed an increase in strength of treatment preference and a decrease in decision uncertainty. Disclosure of a positive test result had a negative impact on well-being. Affected women, especially those who have been recently diagnosed with cancer, experienced the worst well-being and could benefit from psychosocial support.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibromyalgia: evidence for deficits in positive affect regulation.

OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia (FMS) is characterized by chronic pain, high psychiatric comorbidity, and the absence of observable pathology. Our objective was to examine positive and negative affective indices, both at the trait and contextual levels, in FMS compared with a chronic pain control group, osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: The sample consisted of 126 female FMS (87) and OA (39) patients from the community. Participants answered a self-report questionnaire assessing demographic and personality variables and were interviewed regarding average pain, affect, anxiety, and depression. Participants were then interviewed weekly for up to 12 weeks regarding pain, affect, fatigue, perceived interpersonal stress (IS), and positive interpersonal events (PE). RESULTS: FMS participants reported lower levels of positive affect (p < .01) and extraversion (p < .01) than OA participants. There were no significant differences between groups in negative affect, depression, anxiety, or neuroticism after controlling for age and average pain. At the weekly level, FMS participants reported lower levels of positive affect (p < .01), but not negative affect. Furthermore, during weeks of elevated IS, FMS participants evidenced steeper declines in positive affect than OA participants (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the predominance of literature focusing on psychologic disturbance in FMS, these analyses identified dysfunctional positive affect regulation as a key feature of FMS. FMS status was uniquely characterized by lower levels of positive affect, especially during stressful weeks. These findings challenge current conceptualizations of FMS and point to new directions for interventions that focus on improving positive affective resources, especially during times of stress.

Affect↗
PubMed1998

[Experimental detection of inadequate affect regulation in patients with self-mutilating behavior].

According to DSM-IV affective instability in borderline personality disorder is due to marked reactions to environmental events. The aim of this study was to investigate affective responsiveness of abnormal personalities with self-harming impulsive behaviors by means of an affect-stimulation design. The first experiment was based on the presentation of a short story that allowed affective responses to various stimuli to be assessed in regard to quality, intensity, and alterations over time. The second one presented a typical frustration design, which provoked specific feelings of anger and disappointment. Impulsive personalities showed an affective hyperreactivity that was characterized by a decreased threshold for affective responses, as well as by intensive, rapidly changing affects. Furthermore, affect experiences turned out to be qualitatively diffuse and undifferentiated. Results support that affective instability of patients with borderline personality disorder should be differentiated from the autonomous deviations of mood typical of affective disorders. Their affective hyperreactivity is a crucial part of impulsive personality functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Production of anti-NC1 antibody by affected male dogs with X-linked hereditary nephritis: a probe for assessing the NC1 domain of collagen type IV in dogs and humans with hereditary nephritis.

Some patients with hereditary nephritis (HN) who have received a renal transplant have been shown to form antibody with specificity for the NC1 domain of collagen type IV, a major constituent of glomerular basement membranes (GBM). We attempted to duplicate this phenomenon in a family of dogs with X-linked HN, a model for human X-linked HN, by immunizing affected male dogs with normal dog NC1 domain. A collagenase digest was prepared from normal dog GBM, the NC1 domain was separated into dimer (approximately 50 kDa) and monomer (24 kDa and 26 kDa) components by SDS-PAGE, and injected into two affected male dogs. Antisera obtained from both dogs contained antibody which reacted with the NC1 domain of dog and human GBM by a plate-binding radioimmunoassay, bound to the dimer and 26 kDa monomer bands by Western blotting, and staining dog and human GBM by immunofluorescence (IF). The affected male dog antiserum reacted equally by radioimmunoassay with the NC1 domain isolated from GBM of unaffected, affected male, and carrier female dogs in the family with X-linked HN, and bound by Western blotting to dimers and the 26 kDa monomer band of the NC1 domain of GBM in each group of dogs. However, the affected male dog antiserum differentiated these dogs by IF; it produced global staining of GBM of unaffected dogs, failed to stain GBM of affected male dogs, and produced segmental staining of GBM of carrier female dogs. Absorption of the affected male dog antiserum with normal dog NC1 domain eliminated the staining of dog GBM by IF, whereas staining persisted after absorption with affected male dog NC1 domain. The abnormal staining patterns of GBM seen by IF in the affected male and carrier female dogs and the results of the absorption studies imply an abnormality of one or more determinants in the 26 kDa monomer band of the NC1 domain of their GBM. Amino acid sequencing of this band identified the alpha 1(IV) chain of collagen type IV, a finding that has implications for the pathogenesis of canine X-linked HN. Absent and segmental staining respectively were also seen by IF in GBM of a male and female patient with HN, using the affected male dog antiserum. Thus, the results obtained in affected male and carrier female dogs with X-linked HN may also be relevant to patients with this disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Subclinical psychopathology and socio-economic status in unaffected twins discordant for affective disorder.

BACKGROUND: The most potent risk factor for affective disorders is a family history of affective disorder but the specific factors that are transmitted in families are unknown. It is possible to investigate the relation between risk factors and affective disorder by using a high-risk design e.g.: a study of the healthy relatives of patients with affective disorders. AIM: To compare psychopathology and socio-economic status between twins with a co-twin history of affective disorder and twins without. METHODS: In a cross-sectional high-risk case-control study, healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twins with (High-Risk twins) and without (Low-Risk twins) a co-twin history of affective disorder were identified through nation-wide registers. Participants were assessed using semi-structured psychiatric interviews and self-rating of psychopathology. RESULTS: High-Risk twins had a lower education level, a lower work position and tendency towards being more often unemployed and early retired than the Low-Risk twins. Furthermore, they presented higher rates of subclinical affective symptoms and were more likely to experience a minor psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Healthy twins with a high genetic liability to affective disorder seem to present lower socio-economic status, higher rates of subclinical affective symptoms and more often experience a minor psychiatric diagnosis than twins with no familial history of affective disorder. It is not possible from the present cross-sectional data to determine the causality of these findings, thus genetic liability to affective disorder, socio-economic status and minor psychopathology seem to have a complex interrelation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The role of childhood trauma in differences in affective instability in those with personality disorders.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship of self-reported histories of childhood trauma to measures of affective instability in a sample of unmedicated outpatients with various personality disorders (n=174). METHODS: Childhood trauma was measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Affective instability comprises at least two dimensions: affective lability, assessed using the Affective Lability Scale, and affective intensity, assessed using the Affective Intensity Measure. RESULTS: A history of emotional abuse was the only trauma variable that significantly correlated with the affect measures in the total sample (r=.21-.30). More fine-grained analyses revealed that the relationship of emotional abuse and affective instability measures varied as a function of both gender and personality disorder type. In subjects with borderline personality disorder, the correlation for emotional abuse was greatly attenuated for both Affective Lability Scale (r=.10) and Affective Intensity Measure (r=.15) total scores. CONCLUSION: This suggests that nontrauma-related factors may be more predominant in affective dyscontrol in individuals with borderline personality disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Descriptive epidemiology of affective disorders in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Affective disorders present an important clinical challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to prohibitive sample size requirements, population-based studies have not yet provided an adequate description of the underlying epidemiology of this association. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of affective disorders in MS in a general population sample. METHODS: The study presented here accessed administrative data from a universal healthcare insurance plan in the Canadian province of Alberta. Physician billing data recorded in the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan was used to identify members of the population >15 years of age with and without MS. Crude and stratified estimates of the association between affective disorders and MS were made. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate statistical interactions and to provide adjusted estimates of the association. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of MS in the population within the targeted age range (2.3 million individuals) was 386/100,000 and that of affective disorders was 7.7%. As expected, an association between MS and affective disorders was identified (crude relative prevalence: 2.2). The association varied in strength over age-sex categories. Although the prevalence of affective disorder was higher in women with MS than men with MS, the association of MS with affective disorders was stronger in men. The strength of association declined with age in both men and women. Affective disorder prevalence in people with MS becomes similar to that of the general population in older age groups. CONCLUSION: Affective disorders occur with an increased frequency in MS. This is true in men and women and across all relevant age groups, although the association gets weaker with advancing age. Higher frequencies of affective disorder occur in women with MS than in men with MS. The frequency of affective disorder in people with MS is highest in the 25-44 age group, and declines in older age categories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Evidence for a possibly X-linked trait related to affective illness.

OBJECTIVE: The present report attempts to replicate on the probands' brothers, a previously reported (1992) negative relationship between maternal grandfather longevity (MGFL) and affective illness in grandsons. Hitherto this finding had not been replicated. To provide further evidence that the association may be recessive and X-linked, we also examined the association between MGFL and affective illness in the probands' mothers. Finally, in order to examine why MGFL might be a predictor of affective illness, the report examines the association of the probands' affective illness and their own mortality. METHOD: A 60-year prospective study of men selected in 1940 and followed until the present day provided good information on depressive illness in relatives and longevity of ancestors. To overcome the uncertainty of depressive diagnoses, we assessed affective illness in the probands categorically, dimensionally, operationally and with the Lazare Personality Inventory. RESULTS: Presence of affective illness in brothers was negatively associated with MGFL (p = 0.003) but maternal affective illness was independent of MGFL. Test items suggesting emotional lability in the probands were significantly and negatively associated with MGFL. Consistent with the association of increased MGFL with low affective distress in the probands, the 70 probands showing the least evidence of affective distress before age 50 had twofold (p < 0.001) lower mortality at 80 than the rest of the sample. The 31 probands manifesting the greatest affective distress manifested twofold higher mortality before age 65 (p < 0.001) than the rest of the sample. CONCLUSION: The strong negative association of proband affective distress -- and equally important -- the positive association of proband mental health with MGFL and the lack of association of maternal longevity and depression with MGFL points to the possibility of a recessive X-gene or genes playing a role in depressive illness.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Use of closely related affected individuals for the genetic study of complex diseases in founder populations.

We propose a method, the maximum identity length contrast (MILC) statistic, to locate genetic risk factors for complex diseases in founder populations. The MILC approach compares the identity length of parental haplotypes that are transmitted to affected offspring with the identity length of those that are not transmitted to affected offspring. Initially, the statistical properties of the method were assessed using randomly selected affected individuals with unknown relationship. Because both nuclear families with multiple affected sibs and large pedigrees are often available in founder populations, we performed simulations to investigate the properties of the MILC statistic in the presence of closely related affected individuals. The simulation showed that the use of closely related affected individuals greatly enhances the power of the statistic. For a given sample size and type I error, the use of affected sib pairs, instead of affected individuals randomly selected from the population, could increase the power by a factor of two. This increase was related to an increase of kinship-coefficient contrast between haplotype groups when closely related individuals were considered. The MILC approach allows the simultaneous use of affected individuals from a founder population and affected individuals with any kind of relationship, close or remote. We used the MILC approach to analyze the role of HLA in celiac disease and showed that the effect of HLA may be detected with the MILC approach by typing only 11 affected individuals, who were part of a single large Finnish pedigree.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed2006

On the prevalence of familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer in multiply affected kindreds.

Clinical and genetic studies of familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) have yielded conflicting results concerning the aggressiveness of the tumors, and uncertainty of their genetic makeup. In most reports of multiply affected families, the composition of the kindreds has favored families of 2 affected members. Using data for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) provided by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) branch of the National Cancer Institute, and fine-needle aspiration data from Mayo Clinic, I found that the likelihood of 2 cases of sporadic DTC (RR) in a 9-member first-degree family was 1.25% of all DTC families, amounting to 39.4% of 306 multi-hit families reported in the literature. To study the remaining affected families I used the Bernouilli trials model of exact probability. The 60.6% of non-RR, multiply affected families are mostly concentrated in kindreds of 2 to 5 affected members. In 2-hit families, 62%-69% of affected members are sporadic (RR) cases. In families having 3 or more affected members, fewer than 6% have 1 or more sporadic (R) cases, and fewer than 0.15% have 2 or more. In families of 3 to 5 affected members, more than 96% of affected members have the familial (F) trait. Approximately 1 of 338 DTC cases carries the F-trait. Since approximately 40% of multiply affected member first-degree kindreds of DTC, and a significant majority of 2-hit families, are composed of clinically evident, sporadic cases only clinical and genetic investigations of FNMTC should center on families of 3 or more affected members.

Family Health↗
PubMed2002

Affect regulation in women with borderline personality disorder traits.

Affect dysregulation is considered a defining feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). In spite of this, there is a dearth of empirical research that examines affect regulation among persons with BPD. The present study examined the relationship between specific dimensions of affect regulation and borderline traits in a sample of 39 patients. Participants were administered the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised to assess the degree of borderline traits and the Affect Intensity Measure and Affect Control Scale to assess dimensions of affect regulation, selected based on the biosocial theory of BPD. Results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that level of affect intensity and affect control were significantly associated with number of BPD traits, even after controlling for level of depression. Findings for affect control remained significant even after controlling for affect intensity. These results, consistent with biosocial theory of BPD, suggest that persons with BPD experience emotions more intensely and have greater difficulty in controlling their affective responses.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of bipolar affective disorders among depressive outpatients treated by psychiatrists].

AIM: To assess the frequency of bipolar disorders among outpatients with affective illness treated by 96 Polish psychiatrists, representing all regions of Poland. METHODS: The study was performed on 880 patients (237 male, 643 female). They were identified, according to the criteria used, into the following diagnostic categories: 1. Bipolar affective illness, type I (Bipolar I); 2. Bipolar affective illness, type II (Bipolar II); 3. Bipolar spectrum disorder; 4. Unipolar affective illness. RESULTS: Affective disorders having bipolar features were found in 61.2% of the patients studied, bipolar I more frequent in men (27.4% vs 17.6%) and bipolar II more frequent in women (31.7% vs 21.5%). Bipolar spectrum was identified in 12% of the studied patients. Patients with bipolar affective illness compared with unipolar affective illness had a family history of bipolar disorder significantly more frequently, premorbid features of hyper- or cyclothymic personality, early onset of depression (before 25 years), symptoms of atypical depression (hypersomnia and hyperphagia), episodes of psychotic depression, postpartum depression, and treatment-resistant depression. The group of bipolar spectrum had most clinical features similar to classic types of bipolar affective illness and showed significant differences with unipolar affective illness. CONCLUSIONS: In outpatients, who had a depressive episode in the past and were treated by psychiatrists in Poland, bipolar disorders may amount to 60% of them. Patients with bipolar affective illness significantly differ from patients with unipolar affective illness as to the numerous clinical features, not connected with manic, hypomanic or mixed states. The results of the study may also indicate a legitimacy to delineate a bipolar spectrum disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Brother/sister pairs affected with early-onset, progressive muscular dystrophy: molecular studies reveal etiologic heterogeneity.

An autosomal recessive (AR) form of muscular dystrophy that clinically resembles Duchenne/Becker types exists, but its frequency is unknown. We have studied three unrelated affected brother/sister pairs and their families for deletions and polymorphisms with the entire dystrophin cDNA and other DNA probes from the Xp21 region to test for involvement of the DMD locus. In family 1 a large intragenic deletion was found in the affected male. The affected sister was heterozygous for this deletion, but the mother was not, implying germinal mosaicism. In family 2, no deletion was detected in the affected male. RFLP analysis revealed that the affected male and an unaffected sister shared a complete Xp21 haplotype while the affected sister had inherited a recombinant Xp21 region resulting from a crossover between pERT 87-15 and J-Bir. Only the 5' region of the dystrophin gene was shared with the affected boy. X-inactivation studies using a polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of the HPRT gene, in conjunction with methylation-sensitive enzymes, revealed random X inactivation in the affected girl's leukocytes. In a muscle biopsy from the affected male, the dystrophin protein was present in normal amount and size. Family 3 was informative for four RFLPs detected with dystrophin cDNA probes which span the entire gene. The affected male was found to share the complete dystrophin RFLP haplotype with his unaffected brother, while his affected sister had inherited the other maternal haplotype. It is concluded that the clinical presentation of early-onset, progressive muscular dystrophy in a male and in his karyotypically normal sister can be caused by mutations at different loci. While in family 1 a deletion in the dystrophin gene is responsible, this gene does not appear to be involved in families 2 and 3.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Affect regulation in borderline personality disorder.

Although difficulty with affect regulation is generally considered a core component of borderline personality disorder (BPD), surprisingly little research has focused on the nature of affect regulation and dysregulation in BPD. A random national sample of 117 experienced clinicians provided data on a randomly selected patient with BPD (N = 90) or dysthymic disorder (DD; N = 27). Clinicians described their patients using the Affect Regulation and Experience Q-sort-Questionnaire Version, a psychometric instrument designed for expert informants to assess affect and affect regulation. BPD and DD patients appear to differ in both the emotions they experience and the ways they regulate or fail to regulate them. Whereas DD patients are characterized by negative affect, BPD patients are characterized by both negative affect and affect dysregulation, which appear to be distinct constructs. BPD patients also show distinct patterns of affect regulation, and subtypes of BPD patients show distinct affect regulation profiles of potential relevance to treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Lateralization of affective prosody in brain and the callosal integration of hemispheric language functions.

Although affective prosody appears to be a dominant function of the right hemisphere, its degre of lateralization has not yet been established since various publications have reported affective-prosodic deficits following left brain damage in association with aphasia. This paper explores the mechanisms underlying affective-prosodic deficits following left and right brain damage by testing the ability of subjects to repeat and comprehend affective prosody under progressively reduced verbal-articulatory conditions. The results demonstrate that reducing verbal-articulatory conditions robustly improves the performance of left but not right brain damaged patients, a finding that supports the supposition that affective prosody is strongly lateralized to the right hemisphere. However, the performance of left brain damaged patients was not correlated to the presence, severity, or type of aphasic deficit(s). Based on functional-anatomic correlations for spontaneous affective prosody and affective-prosodic repetition, deep white matter lesions located below the supplementary motor area that disrupt interhemispheric connections coursing through the mid-rostral corpus callosum may contribute to affective-prosodic deficits that are both additive and independent of any aphasic deficits. In light of these and other findings, various anatomical, functional, and maturational hierarchic relationships between the affective-prosodic and verbal-linguistic aspects of language are posited in order to help further explain discrepancies that exist in the literature regarding the neurology of affective prosody.

Adult↗