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PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent sexual behaviour: results from an Ontario sample. Part 1: Adolescent sexual activity.

In spite of a variety of broad-based interventions, rates of adolescent sexual intercourse remain high. Using data from a large longitudinal study, this paper provides empirical evidence of Canadian adolescent sexual activity rates by age and gender. The incidence of first sexual intercourse among those 13-15 years was higher among males than females; by ages 16-17 years, rates were the same for both genders (25%). Prevalence of sexual intercourse with age; by age 16-17 years, similar rates were reported for both genders (approximately 50%). Analysis of data over a three-year period indicated that at each age, over 80% of adolescents reported intermittent or no sexual intercourse. Different factors predicted the absence of early sexual intercourse for the two genders. These data provide useful information about Canadian adolescent sexual activity, particularly related to identifying high risk groups for targeted prevention interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Adolescent egocentrism and cognitive functioning during late adolescence.

The relationship between adolescent egocentrism and post-formal thinking was examined in 163 college undergraduates. Participants were administered the Imaginary Audience Scale and the Social Paradigm Belief Inventory. Results showed that females had higher levels of adolescent egocentrism than did males. A weak negative correlation between egocentrism and cognitive reasoning was found for females during late adolescence. The findings are consistent with Peterson and Roscoe's (1991) study of egocentrism in older adolescent females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The adolescent boy and girl: first and other early experiences with intercourse from a representative sample of Swedish school adolescents.

Attitudes and sexual experiences among adolescents have been studied using data from a representative sample of pupils in tenth grade in Uppsala, the fourth largest city in Sweden. Sex differences in coital experience, coital frequency, and evaluation of coital frequency are analyzed. The importance of traditional sex roles is discussed, and the differential sexual socialization of boys and girls is commented on. The data help convey a picture of an adolescent boy who feels deprived of heterosexual outlets and whose sexual relations with girls are sudden, unplanned, and characterized by limited emotional involvement; the adolescent boy is also quite discontent. This picture is contrasted with that of the girls, about whom it is found that, compared with the boys, a greater proportion have coital experience, the average age at first intercourse is lower, and the average number of experiences with intercourse during the last month is higher; to a greater extent than the boys, the girls are satisfied with how often they have intercourse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Violence and associated high-risk health behavior in adolescents. Substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, and pregnancy of adolescents.

The intricate relationship between the social and health behaviors of persons of all ages has long been described. In adolescent health care, the risk-taking behaviors that are recognized in the areas of sexuality, drug and alcohol abuse, and violence need to be addressed. This article discusses adolescent risk behaviors and their relationships to violence. Health care providers need to consider these risk behaviors as they care for adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Adolescents' use of school-based health clinics for reproductive health services: data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

Offering reproductive health services to students through school-based clinics (SBCs) may be a valuable public health strategy. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this report describes adolescents' use of SBCs for family planning and STD-related services. Of more than 1,200 students receiving reproductive health services in the year preceding the survey, 13.3% received family planning services from a SBC and 8.9% received STD-related services. Rural residence, no driver's license, younger age, and minority ethnicity increased the likelihood of using a SBC for family planning services. Rural residence, minority ethnicity, male gender, having a physical exam from a SBC, and less perceived parental approval of sex increased the likelihood of using a SBC for STD-related services. Further research should determine factors that increase adolescents' acceptance of reproductive health services from a SBC.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescent motor skill and performance: is physical activity in adolescence related to adult physical fitness?

In the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS), a cohort of about 400 boys and girls (mean age 13 years) were followed over a period of 20 years. Over that period repeated measurements were done of body dimensions (height, weight, skinfolds), physical fitness (eight motor performance field tests: plate tapping, bent arm hang, 10 x 5 m sprint, arm pull, sit and reach, standing high jump, 10 leg lifts, 12-min endurance run, and one laboratory test to measure maximal aerobic power), and physical activity (by a cross-check interview). Three research questions were studied: (1) Is there a positive relationship between adolescent fitness (age 13-17 years) and adult physical activity (age 33 years)? (2) Do physical fitness and physical activity track from adolescence into adulthood? (3) What is the longitudinal relationship between physical fitness and physical activity? Multiple linear regression analysis showed that of the 9 physical fitness tests, only the 12-min endurance run and the maximal aerobic power during adolescence are significant (P < 0.05) predictors of adult physical activity. The effects are not influenced by biological age but by sex: only in females are the predictions significant (P < 0.05) Tracking over the period of 20 years estimated from stability coefficients showed values for physical fitness varying between 0.83 (plate tapping) to 0.38 (standing high jump and maximal aerobic power). Physical activity shows lower stability coefficients (0.35-0.29). A longitudinal linear regression technique was used to analyse the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness over the 20-year period; in this analysis corrections were made for both time-dependent (time, biological age, and cardiovascular factors) and time-independent variables (sex). All physical fitness tests show positive and significant (P < 0.05) standardized regression coefficients with physical activity, but the explained variance is less than 1%. Only maximal aerobic power has a higher explained variance of 1.8%. It can be concluded that: (1) Physical fitness in adolescence is only weakly related to adult physical activity; (2) between age 13 and 33 years, physical activity has low stability and physical fitness was higher stability; and (3) the longitudinal relationships between physical fitness and physical activity are only meaningful with maximal aerobic power.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Incidence of cancer among New South Wales adolescents: which classification scheme describes adolescent cancers better?

This report has the dual purpose of describing patterns of cancer incidence among adolescents in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and comparing adult and childhood cancer classification schemes. All cases of cancer incident between 1972 and 1991 in NSW residents aged 10-19 years were obtained from the population-based NSW Central Cancer Registry and coded according to Birch and Marsden (1987) in addition to routine coding by the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. The average incidence rate for all cancers combined was 158 and 140 per million in males and females respectively. The Birch and Marsden category of "carcinomas and other epithelial neoplasms" comprised 22% of all cancers in male adolescents and 37% in females. Melanoma alone accounted for 16% of all cancers in males and 26% in females. Rates of leukaemias and central nervous system tumours were similar in the age groups 10-14 years and 15-19 years. By contrast, lymphomas, bone tumours (males only), soft tissue (males only), "germ-cell, trophoblastic and other gonadal tumours" and "carcinomas and other epithelial neoplasms" were more common in the older age group. The Birch and Marsden classification with its emphasis on morphology provided a clearer picture of some types of cancer which occurred frequently among teenagers. Cancers common in adults did occur in older adolescents but were less well described by the childhood scheme. Cancers of colon and lung were often of unusual histological type compared to adult tumours. It would appear appropriate to use the childhood classification scheme to describe cancer incidence in adolescent age groups, perhaps with minor modification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The Adolescent and Adult Psychoeducational Profile: assessment of adolescents and adults with severe developmental handicaps.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Adolescent and Adult Psychoeducational Profile (AAPEP), an assessment instrument designed for adolescents and adults with severe developmental handicaps. Subjects were 60 adolescents and adults, 30 with autism and 30 with mental retardation but without autism. The groups were matched on age and IQ. Results suggested high interrater reliability on all function areas of the AAPEP (Vocational Skills, Independent Functioning, Leisure Skills, Vocational Behavior, Functional Communication, Interpersonal Behavior) and on all three scales (Direct Observation, Home, School/Work). Validity measures suggested that the recommendations generated from the AAPEP were viewed by blind experts as more helpful than those already generated for the individual clients and contained in their Individual Education Programs (IEPs) or Individual Habilitation Plans (IHPs). Informal measures indicated that parents and/or group home staff also found AAPEP recommendations helpful. Finally, reliability and validity measures were also encouraging for moderately and severely handicapped adolescents and adults without autism. The AAPEP appears to be an effective new instrument for those working with older handicapped clients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Comorbid disorders in hospitalized bipolar adolescents compared with unipolar depressed adolescents.

This study examined comorbid psychiatric disorders in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Hospitalized bipolar adolescents (N = 10) were compared to hospitalized adolescents with unipolar depression (N = 33), and to adolescents with nonaffective psychiatric disorders (N = 11). Results showed conduct disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosis, and having any DSM-III-R psychoactive substance use disorder were all significantly more common in the bipolar group than the unipolar depressed group. Comorbid anxiety disorder was present in 40-45% of the subjects in the unipolar and bipolar groups, but in none of the control group subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Clinical course and short-term outcome of hospitalized adolescents with eating disorders: the success of combining adolescents and adults on an eating disorders unit.

Although significant controversy exists regarding the appropriate setting for treating adolescents with eating disorders, empirical studies have been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate, and compare with adults, the clinical course and short-term outcome of adolescents with eating disorders hospitalized on an adult eating disorders unit. One hundred forty-four consecutive inpatient admissions on a weight gain protocol (28% minors and 72% adults) completed psychometric measures and were assessed on clinical indices. No differences between minors and adults were demonstrated for weight gain per week on either inpatient or partial hospitalization admissions. Whereas inpatient length of stay was equivalent, adolescents stayed significantly longer in partial hospitalization than adults. Minors did not differ from adults on the presence of problematic eating disordered behaviors or most psychometric measures, although they had less functional interference due to their eating disorders. Results suggest that an adult eating disorders specialty program can be an appropriate and efficacious setting for adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Diagnosis and therapy of post-traumatic stress disorders in childhood and adolescence. Responsibilities of the child and adolescent psychiatric trauma outpatient clinic].

This article presents an overview of the etiology, clinical characteristics, assessment, and treatment of PTSD in children and adolescents. Diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV and ICD-10 for PTSD in adults may not adequately describe this disorder especially in toddlers and preschool children, because specific PTSD symptoms may vary according to the developmental stage of the child. Prevalence of PTSD in adolescence is similar to that in adulthood. Children who exhibit high degrees of psychopathology before traumatic exposure, who are exposed to high levels of trauma for an extended period, or who directly experienced the event face a high risk to develop PTSD and other later adverse outcomes. Parental support and other social factors also emerge as strong predictors of differential risk among traumatized children. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a well-assessed intervention strategy recommended for children and adolescents with PTSD while there are no controlled trials of pharmacological treatments. The outpatient clinic for traumatized children and adolescents of the University Clinic of Aachen is introduced and clinical characteristics of children seeking help are described. In addition, the social network and cooperating services are illustrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Structural quality of rheumatology clinics for children and adolescents. Paper by a task force of the "Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology" and of the "Association of Rheumatology Clinics in Germany"].

Rheumatic diseases in childhood and adolescence differ from those of adulthood according to type, manifestation, treatment and course. A specialized therapy, starting as early as possible, improves the prognosis, can prevent long-term damage and saves the costs of long-term care. Only a specialized pediatric care system can guarantee optimum quality of the processes involved and the results for rheumatology in childhood and adolescence within a global financial system. This requires adequate structural quality of the specialized clinics and departments for pediatric rheumatology. The management of rheumatic diseases in childhood and adolescence is comprehensive and requires a multidisciplinary, specialized and engaged team which can cover the whole spectrum of rheumatic diseases with their various age-dependent aspects. In order to guarantee an adequate, cost-efficient routine, a specialized center which concentrates on inpatient care should treat at least 300 patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases per year. The diagnoses should be divided among the various disease categories with at least 70% of them involving inflammatory rheumatic diseases. For the inpatient care of small children, an accompanying person (parent) is necessary, requiring adequate structures and services. Patient rooms as well as diagnostic (radiography, sonography, etc.) and therapeutic services (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, pool, etc.) must be adequate for small children and school children as well as adolescents. Suitable mother-child units must also be provided and a school for patients is required within the clinic. A pediatric rheumatologist must be available 24 h a day, and it must be possible to reach other specialists within a short time. For painful therapeutic procedures, age-appropriate pain management is obligatory. A continuous adjustment of these recommendations to changing conditions in health politics is intended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A statewide approach to adolescent tobacco-use prevention: the Minnesota-Wisconsin Adolescent Tobacco-Use Research Project.

Adolescent smoking rates remain high and the use of smokeless tobacco is increasing, especially among males. Despite this continuing public health problem and the recent development of more effective prevention programs, few adolescents now participate in such programs at school. Recent legislation in Minnesota established guidelines for tobacco-use prevention programming and provides financial incentives to school districts to use more effective methods. The Minnesota-Wisconsin Adolescent Tobacco-Use Research Project has implemented an evaluation design that will provide data on the efficacy of this statewide approach to the prevention of tobacco use among adolescents. This article describes the current state of tobacco-use prevention programming in Minnesota schools, current efforts to improve on that record, and the research design set up to evaluate these strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Adolescent sibling-incest offenders: differences in family and individual functioning when compared to adolescent nonsibling sex offenders.

Adolescent male sex offenders who assaulted younger siblings (n = 32) were compared to those who offended against nonsibling children (n = 28). Data were based on responses to the Assessing Environments (III) Scale, Family-of-Origin Scale, Youth Self-Report, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Unlike many earlier studies of adolescent sex offenders, sexual offending/victimization histories were based on information collected from regular meetings rather than intake files or initial interviews; offenders' age, socioeconomic status (SES), and social desirability were examined to avoid potential confounds of these variables; victim age and gender were analyzed to ensure that comparisons between sibling and nonsibling offenders were not confounded by victim age or gender; and internal consistencies of the variables were verified with a larger clinical sample (n = 209). Adolescent sibling-incest offenders reported significantly more marital discord, parental rejection, physical discipline, negative family atmosphere, and general dissatisfaction with family relationships. Offenders against siblings were also more often victims of childhood sexual abuse and were more likely to have a younger child in their families. Results are discussed with respect to the etiology and treatment of adolescent sibling-incest offenders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Depression in inner city adolescents attending an adolescent medicine clinic.

Interviews of 70 healthy inner city adolescents attending an adolescent medicine clinic, using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA), revealed that 13% met criteria for current major depressive disorder. Lifetime diagnoses of major depression were found in 30% of the subjects, with many describing recurrent episodes and chronic residual symptoms. Depression in inner city adolescents represents a serious problem that may be best first detected in a medical setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of stress and coping by fathers of adolescents with mental retardation and fathers of adolescents without mental retardation.

This investigation was an attempt to provide comparative information regarding stress and coping in fathers of adolescents with mental retardation and fathers of adolescents without mental retardation. Subjects for the study were 40 fathers of adolescents with mental retardation and 31 fathers of adolescents without mental retardation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Effects of early adolescent drug use on cognitive efficacy in early-late adolescence: a developmental structural model.

Despite an accumulated body of research evidence that documents the negative physical consequences of chronic alcohol and drug use, it is less clear whether the use of these same substances produces impaired cognitive abilities during the early stages of use. Early drug use may impede acquisition of critical thinking skills and hinder the learning of important cognitive strategies required for successful transition to adulthood. To better understand these relations, longitudinal latent-variable analyses were used to examine the effects of early adolescent drug use on early-late adolescent cognitive efficacy. Latent factors of polydrug use, behavioral control, and cognitive efficacy were hypothesized in early adolescence, the latter two controlling for potential spurious relations. At outcome, six constructs were hypothesized tapping polydrug use, cognitive mastery, self-reinforcement, problem-solving confidence, decision-making skills, and cognitive and affective self-management strategies. Models were psychometrically sound and accounted for large portions of variance. Early adolescent drug use had a small but significant negative effect on cognitive and affective self-management strategies. By the 12th grade, linkages between drug use and cognitive functioning were of larger magnitude than long-term influences, perhaps reinforcing the argument that deficits in cognitive skills are developmentally delayed and surface only with exacerbated or persistent drug use. Overall, specific effects of drug use adversely influenced important cognitive skills that may be critically related to functioning in both interpersonal and intrapersonal domains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Adolescents' thoughts about parents' jobs and their importance for adolescents' future orientation.

The current study examined the relation between adolescents' perceptions of their parents' jobs and their future orientation, and tested the role of parental support. Four hundred and fifteen ninth through twelfth graders were surveyed about their parents' job rewards, self-direction, and stressors, as well as their expectations for employment and education prospects. Results indicate that perceptions of parents' rewards, self-direction, and stress predict how positively or negatively adolescents perceive the future to be. Results also suggest that higher levels of parental support may weaken the association between perceptions and future orientation when adolescents perceive their parents experience unfavorable conditions at work. These results suggest that adolescents' perceptions of parents' jobs have implications for their preparation for adulthood.

Adolescent↗