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280 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Reduction of low back muscular discomfort through an applied ergonomics intervention program.

An applied ergonomics intervention program (AEIP) was conducted with male employees who work in the pressing and storage sections of a metal auto parts factory in eastern Thailand. The objective of this study was to reduce worker muscular discomfort at the low back. The study design was a participatory research approach, with quasi-experimental pretest-posttest, and with a non-equivalent control group. Thirty-five persons participated in the AEIP (AEIP group) and 17 persons did not (non-AEIP group). The AEIP was composed of three major categories: (1) top management support; (2) equipment designed for workstations and manual material handling; and (3) administrative intervention, training, and health education. Muscle activity was measured by surface electromyography of the left and right erector spinae, and multifidus muscles; and evaluated by multivariate test for dependent samples (paired observation) and for independent samples. After the AEIP, the low back muscular loads of the AEIP group was significantly reduced, while those of the non-AEIP group were not. Comparison of the means of percentage maximum voluntary contractions (% MVC) of low back muscular activity between the AEIP group and non-AEIP group indicated that the AEIP group had significantly reduced low back muscular load, with a 95% confidence level (p-value < 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[CT findings of muscular dystrophy: limb girdle type (LG), myotonic type (MYD) and Duchenne type (DMD)].

CT scans of muscles in patients with LG, MYD and DMD were obtained at five different body levels: the neck, L3 vertebral body, pelvic girdle, thigh and lower leg. CT numbers, cross sectional areas (CSA) and %CSA of muscle or fat were evaluated in each muscle. The characteristic CT patterns for each type of muscular dystrophy were obtained. Compared with DMD, the gracilis and soleus were more severely damaged in LG and the biceps femoris remained relatively preserved among the hamstrings. In addition, the multifidus of the neck and sternocleidomastoid also were more severely damaged in MYD. This study suggests that CT scan will be useful in the differential diagnosis of these types of muscular dystrophy as well as in planning appropriate rehabilitation and detecting damaged muscles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

New uses and refinements of the paraspinal approach to the lumbar spine.

The paraspinal approach was described by our group in 1968. It differs from the approach described by Melvin Watkins in 1953 in that it is a longitudinal separation of the sacrospinalis group between the multifidus and longissimus, and not between the lateral border of the entire sacrospinalis group and quadratus lumborum. Also, Watkins removed a flake of the iliac crest with muscles attached, which he swung cranially and medially. This article also describes several refinements not mentioned in the original article and gives several new uses for the approach. Specifically, its use for removing a far lateral disc, decompressing a far out syndrome, inserting pedicle screws, and for decompressing the opposite side from inside the vertebral canal is described.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1987

Muscle fiber types in thoracic erector spinae muscles. Fiber types in idiopathic and other forms of scoliosis.

Histochemical studies of the thoracic part of the erector spinae muscles in scoliosis have shown a consistently higher proportion of Type 1 fibers on the convex side. The fiber distribution of the multifidus and semispinalis muscles was studied in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Compared with sex- and age-matched controls, a "normal" percentage of Type 1 fibers was found on the convex right side and significantly smaller percentage of Type 1 fibers on the concave side. Boys with AIS showed the same pattern as girls. In two patients with double major curves, the same pattern could be seen on the convexity of both curves. Patients with congenital scoliosis or scoliosis with early onset showed a different pattern with a "normal" percentage of Type 1 fibers on the concave side but a significantly greater percentage of Type 1 fibers on the convex side. In AIS, the deviation in the fiber distribution may constitute a primary factor in the pathogenesis of scoliosis. In congenital scoliosis the differences in fiber distribution between the convex and concave sides are considered secondary in the pathogenesis of the spinal curvature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The stabilising function of the mm. iliocostales and the mm. multifidi during walking.

The myoelectric activity of the mm. multifidi and the mm. iliocostales lumborum of six subjects was recorded during walking. The subjects walked on a treadmill as well as on a fixed walkway. On the treadmill, recordings were made at two different speeds and with a varying loading of the spine. There was almost no difference in myoelectric activity time between the treadmill and the fixed walkway. Related to unloaded walking, both the multifidi and the iliocostales showed an increase in activity time when the subjects carried a load of 5 kg in front of the trunk and a decrease of activity time with a load of 5 kg on the back. A load on the lateral aspect of the body shortened the muscle activity time of the multifidi on the homolateral side. In three subjects the same pattern was found for the iliocostales, but in the other three subjects there was no activity registered at all. On the side contralateral to the load, the multifidi showed no increase of activity time while the iliocostales muscles demonstrated an increase. It is concluded that during walking the iliocostalis muscle has a more important function in lateral bending than the multifidus. It was remarkable that the multifidi muscles of the left side were active for longer periods than were those of the right side in all situations except during lateral loading.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Dorsal ramus irritation associated with recurrent low back pain and its relief with local anesthetic or training therapy.

Nerves leave the spinal cord as mainly motor primary rootlets and sensory rootlets. These join to nerve root before leaving the spinal canal. After the root canal, the nerve root branches into the ventral root, which contains sensory and motor fibers innervating the extremities, and the dorsal root, that is, the dorsal ramus, which innervates the posterior structures, for example, back muscles: the dorsal ramus itself may become irritated (dorsal ramus syndrome). Especially predisposed to entrapment is the medial branch of the dorsal ramus, which innervates the multifidus muscle and also contains pain fibers. Here we describe the influence of local anesthesia and back-muscle-training therapy on subjective and objective pain parameters in 21 low-back-pain patients who had similar clinical status and neurophysiologic findings and whose recurrent low back pain was most apparently associated with dorsal ramus neuropathy, without any radiologic or neurophysiologic evidence of more proximal ventral nerve root damage in the spinal cord or at the nerve root origin. After treatment, all were pain free and back muscle activity during lumbar-pelvic rhythm was normalized.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Importance of the back muscles in rehabilitation of postoperative segmental lumbar instability--a biomechanical analysis].

In the present study, a biomechanical in-vitro experimental design for assessing lumbar instability following discectomy had been complemented by computer simulation of the muscular influence. The most impressive changes of the instability parameters chosen, i.e., mobility (flexibility) and neutral zone, occurred in respect of the study movement directions Ty, Tz and Mx (lumbar disc height, anterior/posterior dislocation, and flexion/extension). The influence of the multifidus muscle had enabled the flexion/extension neutral zone changes to be offset. Flexibility (+/- Rx) was found to have been influenced to a minor degree.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selection of electrophysiological techniques to investigate axonal damage of peripheral motor nerve fibres.

After an acute peripheral nerve injury fibrillations and positive sharp waves can be registered in the denervated muscle. The time delay between injury and the manifestation of detectable electrophysiological alterations using conventional electromyography (EMG) lessens the diagnostic value for early treatment. We demonstrate that in radicular lesions the electromyographic examination of the paravertebral musculus multifidus allows diagnosis earlier by about a week compared to examination of limb muscles. Using the amplitude reduction of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) after stimulation of the nerve distal to its lesion a further reduction of the delay for electrophysiologic proof in peripheral as well as in radicular lesions is possible. Based on these findings we propose a selective strategy using the decline of the CMAP starting with the third day after a peripheral nerve lesion, the electromyography of the deep paravertebral muscles in radicular lesions beginning at the end of the first week, and the conventional EMG investigation of limb muscles after two weeks following the injury.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1997

A review of diagnostic ultrasound of the spine and soft tissue.

BACKGROUND: Current medical applications for diagnostic ultrasound are numerous. The technology is attractive because of its ease of use, noninvasive nature and low cost. Recent technological advances have improved ultrasound images of spine-related soft tissues. OBJECTIVE: To examine and summarize the spine-related diagnostic ultrasound literature to help aid in understanding its possible applications. DATA SOURCES: This literature search was part of a larger search in which several hundred musculoskeletal diagnostic ultrasound articles were collected. MEDLINE from 1970 to present was searched electronically. Chiropractic Research Archives Collection (Vol. I-IV) were inspected manually. Bibliographies and references from studies obtained were examined thoroughly for additional references. DATA SYNTHESIS: All articles related to diagnostic ultrasound and its spinal applications were collected and reviewed, except those focusing on intraoperative spinal ultrasound in neurosurgery. RESULTS: Ultrasound has long been used to measure the spinal canal, detect cord abnormalities and examine soft tissue abnormalities. Recently, it has been used to quantify scoliotic curves, measure multifidus muscle size and image sciatic nerve lesions. CONCLUSION: Several well-documented applications of spine-related diagnostic ultrasound, along with many new possible applications, make this technology important to any clinician interested in noninvasive diagnostic applications for the spine and soft tissue.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1998

Pyomyositis in childhood: a case report.

Pyomyositis is a primary infection of skeletal muscle. We report the case of a previously healthy six-year-old who suffered from pyomyositis in the right lower back. He presented with lower back pain and low-grade fever for one week. After a series of laboratory and imaging studies, the diagnosis of right multifidus muscle pyomyositis with abscess formation was made. The patient recovered rapidly after incision and drainage therapy, accompanied by antibiotic treatment. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the abscess discharge. It was strongly suspected that herbal medicines and common cold medication the patient had been prescribed before admission to our hospital produced a masking effect that delayed the diagnosis.

Child↗