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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Nuclear medicine diagnosis of kidney function in unilateral urinary tract dilatation in childhood].

Ultrasound accurately detects hydronephrosis in infants and children, while nuclear medicine techniques quantify relative renal function in addition to characterize the urodynamic relevance of hydronephrosis. Because ultrasound fails to estimate the potential reduction of relative kidney function with more severe hydronephrosis and moreover, renal function is not necessarily affected by hydronephrosis, renal scintigraphy is indicated to assess the functional status of hydronephrotic kidneys for both, split renal function and postrenal urine drainage without and, if necessary, with furosemide intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of pancreas transplantation on life expectancy, kidney function and quality of life in uraemic type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of haemodialysis, kidney transplantation and simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation on survival of diabetic subjects and on kidney function. 40 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients received a kidney transplantation: in 31 cases the kidney was transplanted simultaneously to a pancreas graft from the same donor (KP group), while in 9 cases the pancreas was not available (K group). 44 uraemic Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on dialysis and in waiting list for kidney transplantation, constituted the control group (HD group). Patient survival rate 1, 3 and 5 years following transplantation was better in KP group (93%, 89%, 89%, respectively) and in K group (88%, 88%, 73%, respectively) and in HD group (88%, 62%, 51%, respectively). Kidney graft survival at 1, 3 and 5 years post-transplant was better in KP group (93%, 72%, 72%, respectively) than in K group (76%, 61%, 31%, respectively). 1 year after transplantation, patients of the KP group who had lost the pancreas for technical reasons (thrombosis) were included in the K group so as to evaluate the effect of the transplanted pancreas on long-term patient and kidney survival. Patient survival rate in the KP group (17 patients) at 2 and 4 years was 100%, while at the same intervals it was 78% in the K group (13 patients). Kidney graft function rate at 2 and 4 years was 93% in the KP group (17 grafts) and 54% and 27% respectively in the K group (14 grafts).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effect of beta-blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by persistent albuminuria, a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and elevated blood pressure. About 40% of all insulin-dependent diabetic patients will develop nephropathy, thus increasing their morbidity and mortality. The effect of early aggressive antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol, frusemide or thiazide in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy has shown a significant reduction in albuminuria and in the rate of decline in the GFR (from 0.94 to 0.29 and 0.10 ml/min per month over 72 months of antihypertensive treatment). The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy showed that the GFR is not dependent on angiotensin II (Ang II), and that ACE inhibition diminished albuminuria, probably by lowering glomerular hypertension. In conclusion, antihypertensive treatment with ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers combined with a diuretic protects kidney function and reduces albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can be considered as first-line drugs for hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

[Study of the changes in kidney function in acute obstruction of the arteries of the extremities].

The kidney function was studied in postischemia period in 80 patients with acute arterial occlusion,using the methods of radioisotope renography and effective renal blood flow. For the purpose of prophylaxis agains renal complications in addition to regional perfusion and venesection the method of regional inhibition of toxic products in the ischemia focus is suggested. In increased myoglobinuiea the stimulation of diuresis, alkalization of the organism would be a necessity. Renal complications were observed in 13 of 80 patients (16.25%). In 6 patients myoglobinuric tubular nephrosis was noted with lethal issues; in the remaining 7 patients due to early establishment of the diagnosis and intensive therapy myoglobinuria showed an abortive character.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1978

Kidney function in normal man during short-term growth hormone infusion.

Kidney function was studied in 9 normal males before and during a 2 h growth hormone (GH) infusion of 50 ng/kg/min. The following variables were measured during each 20 min clearance period: glomerular filtration rate, GFR, effective renal plasma flow, RPF (steady state infusion technique with urinary collections using [125I]iothalamate and [131I]iodohippurate), and urinary albumin and beta2-microglobulin excretion rates (radioimmunoassays). The GH infusion resulted in a 10-fold increase in plasma GH concentration. All the above mentioned variables remained practically unchanged during the infusion except for a small (-5%) but significant decrease in renal plasma flow (P less than 0.01). Our negative results contrast to the findings of increased GFR and RPF during prolonged GH administration and suggest that GH requires several hours or days for its renal effects to become manifest.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Renal parenchymal malakoplakia. A case associated with renal vein thrombosis and partial recovery of kidney function.

A 65-year-old woman with bilateral renal parenchymal malakoplakia and renal vein thrombosis had severe azotemia, bilaterally enlarged kidneys, urinary tract infection, and sepsis. Angiographic studies demonstrated left renal vein thrombosis. A percutaneous kidney biopsy specimen showed the characteristic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. After therapy with fluid replacement, antibiotics, and long-term anticoagulation, kidney function improved and both kidneys decreased in size. We suggest that, with adequate treatment of urinary tract infection and correction of potential insults to the kidney, progression of this peculiar disease can be prevented.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Embolism in a single functioning kidney: report of two cases.

2 cases of embolism in single functioning kidneys are reported. In the first case there was an occlusion of the main trunk of the renal artery; the patient was treated by embolectomy. In the second case the occlusion of a major arterial branch was demonstrated; because of the bad general conditions the patient was treated with medical therapy. The authors review the literature and the indications for embolectomy in embolism in a solitary kidney.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1996

[Tumor of a single functional kidney treated with selective embolization].

Occurrence malignant tumor in only one functional kidney (second one was small and cirrhotic with a large cyst) and potentiality of treatment with selective embolization of renal artery were cause of that report. Patient achieved a long and comfortable term of survival (without any troubles). We suggest that method is useful and safe for such cases.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Impact of cardiac transplantation on kidney function: a single- center experience.

Long-term follow-up of cardiac transplant recipients reveals a progressive decline in kidney function in a significant number of patients. This complication is one of the most important prognostic parameters for the outcome of cardiac transplantation. The risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction following cardiac transplantation are numerous, with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CsA) playing a major role. This case-control study was designed to evaluate the role of different risk factors among patients who had been transplanted at the Northern General Hospital Cardiothoracic Centre (CTC) with the possibility of identifying modifiable risk factors that mitigate the nephrotoxicity of CsA. Over a 10-year period, heart transplantation was performed in 205 patients at the CTC. Seventeen patients who experienced chronic renal failure (CRF) and were treated at the outpatient clinic of the Sheffield Kidney Institute were randomly selected from those who had >2-year graft survival and follow-up after cardiac transplantation. As controls, 15 cardiac transplant patients were randomly selected from 32 with comparable survival and follow-up after transplantation and without evidence of significant renal dysfunction (serum creatinine </=150 micromol/L). The putative risk factors for development of renal insufficiency were retrospectively studied as well as those affecting the rate of progression of CRF. Seventy-five percent of the progressors (cases) had ischemic cardiomyopathy compared with 10% of nonprogressors (controls) (P <.05). CsA trough levels during the follow-up period were higher among the nonprogressors compared with the progressors (P =.03). Follow-up systolic blood pressure revealed a statistically significant correlation with the slope of serum creatinine in the progressor group (r = -.515 and P <.05). At the time of transplantation, ischemic cardiomyopathy as an underlying diagnosis seems to be a detrimental factor, contributing to the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction after heart transplantation. CsA trough levels alone do not seem to discriminate between progressors and nonprogressors. A randomized controlled study may be required to evaluate the possibility of replacing or reducing CsA to the lowest possible dose in the early posttransplant period for the subset of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between reduced functioning kidney mass and chronic rejection in rats.

Interest has recently increased in the role of alloantigen-independent factors in chronic rejection. In this context, we examined the long-term effects of reduced functioning kidney mass in a F344-->LEW allograft (A) model. Animals were divided into three groups depending upon the amount of retained kidney. Renal arterial branches in the hilus were ligated so that one-third or two-thirds of the graft remained viable (1/3 and 2/3 groups, respectively); organs were left intact in the third (3/3) group. Urine protein concentrations were determined 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after engraftment and organs (five/group/time) were harvested and examined morphologically and immunohistologically. Proteinuria increased progressively in all 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3A animals, but faster in those with reduced kidney mass. This functional decline correlated well with increasing numbers of macrophages followed by interstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis, which had become prominent by week 6 in group 1/3A and by 8 weeks in groups 2/3A and 1/3I (I, isografted), with animals beginning to die. IL-1, IL-6 and TNF production correlated well with the location and number of macrophages in all groups. These results suggest that kidney mass exerts a significant alloantigen-independent influence on chronic rejection. Allogenicity of the graft accelerates and amplifies the process.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The effect of neomycin on the kidney function of the horse.

The toxic effect of neomycin on the horse kidney was studied. Twelve horses were used, and were divided at random into three groups of four. The first group was treated twice a day with 10 mg/kg I.M. for 15 days and then euthanised; kidney and liver samples were studied and no histopathological changes were observed. Group 2 was treated with neomycin sulphate as in group 1, and group 3 was used as control. Blood samples were taken at 8.00 h and 20.00 h daily from both neomycin treated and control horses. Serum creatinine, potassium, sodium and urinary creatinine remained without change. On day 6 of treatment plasma urea (Urea)p decreased to 5.6 +/- 2.0 mmol/L (P < 0.001) as compared with controls (8.0 +/- 2 mmol/L). Urinary excretion of GGT increased on the third day of treatment to 118.6 +/- 1 IU/L for treated and 89 +/- 8 IU/L for controls (P < 0.001). Thereafter, GGT continued to be elevated significantly for the duration of the experiment, as compared with controls. The (GGT)/(Cr)u ratio increased significantly on the 9th day of treatment, and continued to be elevated for 6 days after treatment. Neomycin kinetics were similar during treatment. It was concluded that neomycin, in the dose used, was not harmful to kidney function in the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Monitoring kidney function in diabetic nephropathy.

Progression in diabetic nephropathy is usually determined by repeated measurements of glomerular filtration rate and expressed as rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate. Our aim was to evaluate the agreement between rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate estimated from the Cockroft-Gault formula: (140-age)*K*body weight*(1/S-creatinine) and measured by the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA. All insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy followed-up for at least 5 years with at least 5 simultaneous measurements of glomerular filtration rate, s-creatinine, and weight were included in the study. Forty-three patients (32 male/11 female), age 31 (18-61) years were enrolled. Observation period: 6.6 (5.1-9.9) years and number of investigations per patient 6 (5-16) (median(range)). Baseline glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) was 97 (30) measured and 107 (37) estimated (mean(SD))(p < 0.001) and the 95% limits of agreement were -42.0 to 20.8 ml/min. Measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate correlated significantly (r = 0.91, p < 0.00001). Rate of decline in kidney function ml.min-1.year-1 was 4.7 (3.3) measured and 4.8 (3.5) estimated (mean(SD)) (NS), but the 95% limits of agreement showed a wide range -3.9 to 3.5 ml.min-1.year-1. A significant correlation between rate of decline in measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate was present (r = 0.84, p < 0.00001). In conclusion, glomerular filtration rate is overestimated by the Cockroft-Gault formula. The mean rates of decline in glomerular filtration rate are comparable, but the limits of agreement are wide, which make the Cockroft-Gault method unacceptable for clinical purposes, i.e. monitoring progression in kidney function in the individual patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical studies of kidney function in sheep. I. Methods and reference values of healthy animals].

Investigations of renal function have been done on the basis of renal clearance (Clr) and excretion (E) of endogenous creatinine in health sheep of different body weight (89 female, 19 male). Creatinine-E was negatively correlated with body weight in female sheep, it can be calculated from body weight. The Creatinine-Clr in ewes ranged from 1.1 to 2.3 ml/min/kg and was highly correlated with inulin-Clr (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Fractional excretion (FE) of creatinine, determined by inulin-Clr was 118%. That demonstrate a tubular secretion of 15% of the total excretion. Therefore the creatinine-Clr may be considered representative enough for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Urea-FE was 24-50%, and urea-Clr about 50% of the inulin-Clr, that points to a high tubular urea absorption (50-75%). For that reason urea is not appropriate for the characterization of kidney functions. Water, sodium, glucose, L-lactate and 3-OH-hydroxybutyrate were absorbed in the renal tubules nearly completely (FE < 2%). So they are suitable as endogenous markers for insufficient tubular absorption. Calcium, phosphate, magnesium and potassium are reabsorbed incompletely, depending on the supply of these substances (FE 0-15%, potassium 5-100%). A method for clinical determination of kidney function by measurement of concentrations of metabolites and electrolytes in blood plasma and spontaneous urine is described and evaluated. The method is based on the calculation of the creatinine-excretion, depending on sex and body weight, and especially allows the examination of male and sick animals without quantitative sampling of urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Late effects of anticancer therapy on kidney function in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

THE CURRENT STATE: Children with curable cancer are potentially at risk of long-term renal sequelae. The nephrotoxicity is considered dose related and includes a variable reduction of glomerular filtration rate along with tubular dysfunction. SUBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were: to analyse kidney damage as well as the clinical course in children treated for ALL, to determine what type of nephrotoxic damage is most frequent in relation with the used treatment, to determine possible risks of acute and chronic nephropathy of anticancer therapy, to standardise evaluation of kidney function in children after their complex antitumourous treatment has finished. METHODS AND MATERIAL: We examined a group of 36 children (21 boys, 15 girls, average age at diagnosis of ALL 6.9 years)) treated for ALL using the therapeutical protocol ALL BFM 90. The average period after the treatment had finished was 48 month. The following parameters were examined: urinalysis and urine sediment, clearance of creatinine, tubular resorption, ultrasound of kidneys, 24 hrs proteinuria (PU) and urine concentration of albumine, transferine, alpha-1-microglobuline and Tamm-Horsfall protein. Concentration function of kidneys was examined by test with DDAPV. RESULTS: After finish of cytostatic therapy had 19 patients (52.8%) PU. Glomerular PU was found in 3 children (15.8%), in 3 children (15.8%) was found mixed PU and 13 children (68.4%) had tubular PU. Reduction of GFR had 5 patients (13.9%) and 19 patients (52.8%) had reduction of DDAPV test. CONCLUSION: Sensitive laboratory analysis of proteinuria is required for timely detection of the most frequent type of kidney damage in the course of treatment with cytostatics but also other concurrently administered drugs. Thus we can reliably detect mainly patients with glomerular/mixed proteinuria who are potentially imperilled by the risk of the development of chronic renal failure. If there is higher level of glomerular/mixed proteinuria even after the treatment has finished, the patients have to undergo another nephrological monitoring. (Tab. 3, Ref. 20.)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effects of long-term creatine supplementation on liver and kidney functions in American college football players.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term Cr supplementation on blood parameters reflecting liver and kidney function. Twenty-three members of an NCAA Division II American football team (ages = 19-24 years) with at least 2 years of strength training experience were divided into a Cr monohydrate group (CrM, n = 10) in which they voluntarily and spontaneously ingested creatine, and a control group (n = 13) in which they took no supplements. Individuals in the CrM group averaged regular daily consumption of 5 to 20 g (mean SD = 13.9 5.8 g) for 0.25 to 5.6 years (2.9 1.8 years). Venous blood analysis for serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine produced no significant differences between groups. Creatinine clearance was estimated from serum creatinine and was not significantly different between groups. Within the CrM group, correlations between all blood parameters and either daily dosage or duration of supplementation were nonsignificant. Therefore, it appears that oral supplementation with CrM has no long-term detrimental effects on kidney or liver functions in highly trained college athletes in the absence of other nutritional supplements.

Administration, Oral↗