Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “family functioning”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Substance use among young adolescents in HIV-affected families: resiliency, peer deviance, and family functioning.

This study examines the association of risk and protective factors with substance use among 77 early adolescents (11-15 years old) with an HIV-infected parent who were interviewed in 2000-2001 in the South Bronx, a HIV high-prevalence area of New York City. The subjects were 49%female, 53% African American, and 30% Hispanic; mean age was 13 years old. A face-to-face interview was used to administer a battery of instruments representing community, family, peer, and resiliency factors. Forty percent reported ever using tobacco, alcohol or drugs; 71% were aware of their parent's HIV seropositivity. An age-adjusted path analytic model was constructed which showed: 1) family functioning predicted resiliency (a composite measure of psychological adjustment and personal competencies); 2)positive community factors and resiliency predicted less affiliation with deviant peers; and 3) poorer family functioning and affiliation with deviant peers predicted substance use. These results underscore the need for interventions that address social influence factors among vulnerable early adolescents with HIV-positive parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Ratings of family functioning of suicidal and nonsuicidal African American women.

This study compared ratings of family functioning between female African American suicide attempters (n = 126) and nonattempters (n = 112). Attempters reported poorer family-of-creation (physical and nonphysical partner abuse, family strengths, and marital adjustment) and family-of-origin (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and emotional neglect) functioning than did controls. In a multivariate logistic regression, only marital discord and childhood sexual abuse were risk factors for suicide attempts. A cumulative risk model was also tested and indicated that the presence of 4 or more of the risk factors increased a woman's likelihood of making a nonfatal suicide attempt more than threefold. This study offers one of the first investigations of the families of suicidal African American women and highlights the importance of focusing on family concerns when working with this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The McMaster Model of Family Functioning: observer and parental ratings in a nonclinical sample.

The McMaster Model of Family Functioning defines seven dimensions, which may be assessed either by an observer applying a Clinical Rating Scale (CRS) to a semi-structured interview of the family and/or by family members completing a questionnaire, the Family Assessment Device (FAD). The present article applied both methods of assessment, as well as the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), to a nonclinical sample (N = 105). Interobserver reliability on the CRS was highly significant. Parent (FAD) vs. observer (CRS) agreement was also highly significant, except for Affective Responsiveness and Behavior Control, for which agreement was barely significant. When families were labeled as "healthy" or "unhealthy" according to cut-offs, agreement between observers and parents was high (87%), and disagreements illuminated dynamics of individual families. Finally, the DAS (completed by mothers) was significantly correlated with both the CRS and the FAD, particularly for General Functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Illness and family functioning: theoretical and practical considerations from the primary care point of view.

The way in which the family copes with and adapts to illness of one of its members has a strong impact on the physical and psychosocial well-being of all members and on the shape and duration of the clinical course of the illness itself. The family doctor therefore should be able to evaluate the families' adaptation to illness and to promote successful coping strategies where necessary. This review illustrates how the family doctor's evaluation of the illness impact on family functioning is facilitated by a family developmental approach and by the use of a psychosocial classification scheme of illnesses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

The impact of pituitary disease on the family caregiver and overall family functioning.

Chronic medical illness not only affects the patient but the entire family. The family system undergoes a tremendous change in focus during the acute illness, with members marshaling their resources to help the ill member. This inward focus is costly, producing profound stress. Often, family communication styles change to protect the family system and prior functioning. When the stress of caring for an ill member becomes chronic, as is seen in pituitary disease, the initially adaptive changes in family functioning may become problematic even in those families with previously healthy coping. Those families with previously less healthy functioning become even more dysfunctional. Each family identifies a caregiver for their ill member. This caregiver also experiences significant stress related to caregiving demands. Caregiver adaptation to the stress depends on how the stress is perceived, as well as the caregiver's coping patterns and availability of and satisfaction with social support. These elements comprise a stress process model of caregiving, which has been well-validated in dementia caregiving research. Although the majority of research has focused on dementia and cancer caregiving, identified issues have applicability to caregiving and family issues related to pituitary disease. This report will review: (1) the field of caregiving research, focusing on a stress process model; (2) those issues identified in prior caregiving research which have applicability in caregiving for patients with pituitary disease; (3) stresses on the family system; (4) assessment of family functioning, and (5) interventions for caregivers and areas for future research.

Caregivers↗
PubMed2005

Long-term effects of family functioning and child characteristics on problem drinking in young adulthood.

Several studies have shown that disturbances in the parent-child relationship in childhood are related to patterns of alcohol abuse in adolescence and young adulthood. Recently some researchers, however, argue that whether poor parenting is detrimental depends on specific child characteristics. Hence, instead of examining overall effects of parenting, it might be more appropriate to search for specific child-environment effects that lead to problematic drinking patterns. In this paper, we investigate the interplay between child characteristics (lack of self-control and aggression) and parenting on problematic alcohol use in young adulthood. Data were used from a longitudinal study that followed 301 children and their parents for a period of 10 years. Both parents and their children were interviewed on parenting practices and child characteristics when the child was a young adolescent (mean age of 12 years at time 1) and extensive information on problematic alcohol use was gathered when the participants were young adults (mean age was 22 at time 3). Findings showed strong effects of childhood aggression (men only) and poor family functioning on enhanced levels of problem drinking in young adulthood. Further, the combination of high levels of aggression and low levels of family functioning were related to problem drinking in men, whereas the combination of low parental control and low levels of affection expression were related to problem drinking in women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The parenting and family functioning of children with hyperactivity.

This study examined the parenting and family life correlates of childhood hyperactivity in a community sample of London school children. Twenty-eight boys with pervasive hyperactivity were compared to 30 classroom control children on a range of parenting and family functioning measures. Results showed that poor parent coping and the use of aggressive discipline methods were significantly associated with hyperactivity after adjusting for the effects of conduct disorder and parent mental health. The best parenting predictor of hyperactivity was disciplinary aggression. Findings suggest that the quality of parenting provided for hyperactive children may contribute to their behavioural difficulties, and highlights the need to examine more closely the role of parenting attitudes and behaviour in shaping the course, prognosis, and treatment outcomes for children with hyperactivity.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

West Indian adolescents' perceptions of family functioning.

A total of 424 Barbadians aged 13-15 years completed the Family Functioning in Adolescence Questionnaire, developed in Australia by Roelofse and Middleton (1985). Findings revealed most adolescents, like their Australian peers, reported fairly favourable perceptions of their families. However, neither total nor sub-scale scores served to discriminate between sub-groups based on sex, age or household structure to any great extent. A re-grouping of items based on results of Varimax analysis also failed to yield many significant group differences, although some directions for future research were indicated. Adolescents not living with their fathers seemed to have a somewhat lower sense of personal security, but in other respects did not report their family life any less favourably than did those living with both natural parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Emotional states and perceived family functioning of caregivers of chronically ill children.

Emotional status and perception of family functioning of 32 primary caregivers of children with Battens disease was compared to 11 primary caregivers of children with chronic and less severe medical illnesses. The former caregivers were significantly more depressed, anxious, perceived their families as less cohesive and reported greater negative effects on their schedule and health than the latter group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Depression and life satisfaction in aging polio survivors versus age-matched controls: relation to postpolio syndrome, family functioning, and attitude toward disability.

OBJECTIVE: To compare depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in aging polio survivors with age-matched controls and to relate these outcomes to scores to psychosocial and disability-related variables. DESIGN: A planned medical, functional, and psychosocial study with multivariate analyses. SETTING: A large, urban rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of 121 polio survivors and an age-matched control group of 60 people with similar sociodemographic backgrounds. MAIN OUTCOMES: Depression as measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale and an 11-item life satisfaction scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive disorders was not significantly different in the two groups, although the postpolio group tended to have more symptomatology and an overall depressive disorder prevalence of 28%. Some life satisfaction scale scores were significantly lower in the postpolio group, especially those concerned with health. People with postpolio syndrome scored significantly higher on depression scales and lower on some life satisfaction scales than people with a history of polio but without postpolio syndrome. Several psychosocial variables, most notably family functioning and attitude toward disability, helped to mediate this effect. Among people with significant depression, there was little, evidence of adequate treatment in the community. CONCLUSIONS: Postpolio by itself does not relate to higher depression scores or lower life satisfaction. Postpolio syndrome has some relation to depression, but family functioning and attitude toward disability are more important. There is a need for better community-based psychological services.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Construction of a global assessment scale of family function, using a questionnaire.

Self-report questionnaires are commonly used in family research, but very little attention is paid to the specific measurement properties of the ordered categorical data recorded. The item responses of self-report questionnaires consist of ordered categories. The main property of this type of data is that the labels do not represent a mathematical value but only an order, i.e., one set of labels can be replaced by another set of increasing numbers of symbols. The non-additivity of categorical data means that sum scores cannot be used as a global assessment of the variable. The aims of this study were to further develop the third version of the self-report questionnaire Family Adaptability and Cohesion, Evaluation Scales (FACES), for use in Sweden and to construct a global scale of family function for the variables cohesion and adaptability. The statistical methods used take account of the rank-invariant properties of ordered categorical data.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Recurrent abdominal pain and headache--psychopathology, life events and family functioning.

We assessed the psychopathology of children and adolescents with Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) and tension-type headaches (TTH), the psychopathology and Expressed Emotion (EE) of their mothers and family functioning. Additionally, we assessed the relationship of negative Life Events (LE) to RAP and headaches. Sixty-nine children and adolescents with either RAP or headaches, and their mothers were examined and compared to controls. Of the children with RAP or headache, 81.6% and 83.9% respectively carried a psychiatric diagnosis, primarily anxiety or depressive disorder, in contrast to 15% of controls. Mothers of patients with RAP showed more symptoms of anger and hostility than controls. Index mothers had higher EE than control mothers. More problems were reported in the families of patients with RAP. Families of patients with headache were similar to those with RAP but differed from controls in terms of behaviour control and general functioning. More negative LE were experienced by both index groups. If psychological intervention is decided for certain children with RAP or TTH, it should address their depression, anxiety, the impact of negative LE and family functioning.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2001

Family functioning in adolescents at high and low risk for major depressive disorder.

Families of two subgroups of adolescents in the community, at high and low risk for major depressive disorder, were compared on the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Families of high-risk adolescents who became depressed by follow-up at one year were compared with other families of high-risk subjects. The only significant difference on FAD ratings for high- and low-risk groups was on the sub-scale Roles as reported by mothers. FAD ratings showed that, compared with mothers, fathers of high-risk adolescents held significantly worse views of their families' functioning on the sub-scales Problem Solving, Affective Responsiveness and Behaviour Control. There were no such differences between low-risk parents. Both mothers and fathers of high-risk adolescents reported their own mental health as significantly poorer than mothers and fathers of low-risks. The mental health of mothers in the high-risk group only was significantly associated with their FAD ratings. Adolescents rated their families as significantly worse on the FAD than their parents and the lower their mood and self-esteem, the worse they rated their families on the FAD. Subsequent MDD in adolescents by follow-up at one year was not associated with the FAD scores of any family member, nor with either parent's mental health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A rigorous method for multigenic families' functional annotation: the peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADs) proteins family example.

BACKGROUND: large scale and reliable proteins' functional annotation is a major challenge in modern biology. Phylogenetic analyses have been shown to be important for such tasks. However, up to now, phylogenetic annotation did not take into account expression data (i.e. ESTs, Microarrays, SAGE, ...). Therefore, integrating such data, like ESTs in phylogenetic annotation could be a major advance in post genomic analyses. We developed an approach enabling the combination of expression data and phylogenetic analysis. To illustrate our method, we used an example protein family, the peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), probably implied in Rheumatoid Arthritis. RESULTS: the analysis was performed as follows: we built a phylogeny of PAD proteins from the NCBI's NR protein database. We completed the phylogenetic reconstruction of PADs using an enlarged sequence database containing translations of ESTs contigs. We then extracted all corresponding expression data contained in EST database This analysis allowed us 1/To extend the spectrum of homologs-containing species and to improve the reconstruction of genes' evolutionary history. 2/To deduce an accurate gene expression pattern for each member of this protein family. 3/To show a correlation between paralogous sequences' evolution rate and pattern of tissular expression. CONCLUSION: coupling phylogenetic reconstruction and expression data is a promising way of analysis that could be applied to all multigenic families to investigate the relationship between molecular and transcriptional evolution and to improve functional annotation.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Pathways between profiles of family functioning, child security in the interparental subsystem, and child psychological problems.

This study was designed to delineate pathways between systems profiles of family functioning, children's emotional insecurity in the interparental relationship, and their psychological adjustment in a sample of 221 children and their parents. Consistent with family systems theory, cluster analyses conducted with assessments of marital, coparental, and parent-child functioning indicated that families fit into one of four profiles: (a) cohesive families, characterized by warmth, affection, and flexible well-defined boundaries in family relationships; (b) disengaged families, reflected in high levels of adversity and low levels of support across family subsystems; (c) enmeshed families, evidenced by high levels of discord and weak maintenance of relationship boundaries in the family unit; and (d) adequate families, defined by elevated parental psychological control within a larger family context of low discord and high warmth. In comparison to children in cohesive families, children in enmeshed and disengaged families exhibited greater signs of insecurity in the interparental relationship concurrently and internalizing and externalizing symptoms both concurrently and 1 year later. Structural equation models revealed that a latent, multimethod measure of insecurity in the interparental relationship partially mediated associations between family enmeshment and disengagement and children's psychological symptoms 1 year later. Results are discussed in relation to how they inform and refine a family-wide model of the emotional security hypothesis.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-directed hostility and family functioning in normal-weight bulimics and overweight binge eaters.

The aim of this study was to examine whether overweight binge eaters demonstrate similar perceptions of family interactions and views of the self as do normal-weight bulimics. We compared 37 obese binge eaters and 37 normal-weight bulimics to 38 normal-weight non-bulimic controls, and 10 overweight nonbulimic controls on the Bulimia Test (BULIT). Profile of Mood States (POMS), Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) Short Form, which includes measure of hostility of family interactions and self-directed hostility; the Family Interaction Survey (FIS), and a measure of history of physical and sexual abuse and familial psychopathology. Both normal-weight bulimics and overweight binge eaters differed from nonbulimic controls across all measures of symptomatology, family functioning, history of abuse, familial psychopathology, and self-directed hostility. Normal-weight bulimics demonstrated significantly higher BULIT scores and self-directed hostility than did overweight binge eaters. Post hoc analysis showed that among binge eaters and bulimics, self-directed hostility accounted for a significant percentage of the variance of BULIT scores when controlling for the effects of age, BMI, family hostility, and mood. The possible role of self-directed hostility in the maintenance of bulimic symptomatology is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Family functioning and psychosocial adjustment in overweight youngsters.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between family functioning and psychosocial adjustment in Dutch overweight children and adolescents. METHOD: Seventy-three overweight (weight-for-height >P90) and 70 normal-weight youngsters between the ages of 10 and 16 years were recruited by school physicians during routine medical screening. The Family Dimension Scale, the Child Behavior Checklist, the Teacher Report Form, the Self-Perceived Competence Scale, and the Body-Esteem Scale were filled out, as well as a specific weight-related questionnaire. RESULTS: Both parents and teachers report more behavior problems in overweight children, particularly in the younger than 13 age group. Lower body-esteem was found in older overweight girls, whereas in older overweight boys higher levels of body-esteem were found. More significant relationships were found with the weight-related Parental Concern Scale than with the Family Dimension Scale. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that a developmental psychological approach reveals important age and sex differences. Weight-related instruments may be more useful than general questionnaires.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Parent and child report of family functioning in a clinical child and adolescent eating disorders sample.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate parent and self-report of family dysfunction in children and adolescents with eating disorders. Further, to investigate family functioning differences across the eating disorders diagnostic groups; anorexia nervosa, eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and bulimia nervosa, and between the restricting and binge-purge eating disorders behavioural subtypes. METHODS: The Family Adjustment Device General Functioning Scale (FAD-GFS) was administered to 100 children and their parents who presented consecutively at an eating disorders assessment clinic. DSM-IV eating disorders diagnoses in this group included 42 children diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 26 with EDNOS, 12 with bulimia nervosa and 20 diagnosed as having no eating disorder. RESULTS: Both the parent and child FAD-GFS report demonstrated high internal consistency supporting the suitability of this instrument for research with this sample. Parent and child reports were moderately positively correlated. Total scores for all eating disorders diagnostic categories were significantly higher than community norms. Anorexia nervosa, EDNOS and bulimia nervosa groups did not significantly differ on parent or child reports. FAD-GFS profiles for restricters and binge-purgers suggest higher levels of family dysfunction in the families of binge purgers. CONCLUSIONS: The FAD-GFS has suitable psychometric properties for use as a summary instrument with young people diagnosed with an eating disorder. However, more informative instruments assaying a greater range of constructs, especially in the impulsive, dyscontrol domain, are required to investigate differences among eating disorders diagnostic groups and behavioural subtypes.

Adolescent↗