Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “developmental disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical and genetic relationships between autism-pervasive developmental disorder and Tourette syndrome: a study of 19 cases.

Children with autism or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) share a number of symptoms. Forty-one cases have been reported in which PDD patients subsequently developed TS. We term this PDD----TS. We describe an additional 16 such patients plus 3 families where a close relative of a TS proband had autism. There was a high frequency of alcoholism, drug abuse, obsessive-compulsive, and other behavior disorders in the relatives of these patients. This frequency was virtually identical to that observed in relatives of individuals with TS only. We suggest there is an intimate genetic, neuropathologic relatedness between some cases of PDD and TS. Many observations have led us to suggest that the genetic defect in TS may be a mutation of tryptophan oxygenase and that TS is inherited as a semidominant semirecessive trait, i.e., homozygosity for a common gene which shows some expression in the heterozygous state. We propose that some types of PDD are inherited in the same fashion and by the same gene. This would explain the similarity of symptoms, frequent evolution of PDD into TS, the apparent recessive inheritance of PDD despite no increase in consanguinity, the high frequency of behavior problems in the relatives of PDD----TS patients and the serotonin abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Follow-up of children diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders: stability and change during the preschool years.

Forty-one children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) receiving eclectic services were assessed twice during their preschool years. Measures were compared over time for the whole group and for diagnostic subgroups: Childhood autism (CA group) and Other PDDs group. The mean intelligence quotient/developmental quotient (IQ/DQ) of the whole group was stable (P = 0.209) and scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) decreased (P = 0.001). At time 2, the CA group was more impaired than the other PDDs group: autistic symptoms were more severe (P = 0.01), adaptive behavior scores were lower (P = 0.014), and a trend for lower IQ/DQs (P = 0.06). Children in this study seemed to fare better than reported in previous follow-up studies on children with autism.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders in the British nationwide survey of child mental health.

The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) is not well established and needs monitoring. We investigated the prevalence of PDDs in the 1999 nationwide British survey of child and adolescent mental health. A randomized stratified sample of children (n = 12,529) aged 5-15 was generated from Child Benefit Records. Trained interviewers interviewed parents and youths aged 11 or older with a standardized diagnostic interview (Development and Well-Being Assessment) and questionnaire data (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were obtained from teachers and parents who also completed self-report measures of psychological distress. A team of experienced clinicians using all data sources achieved final diagnostic determination. A total of 10,438 (83%) interviews were conducted. There were two girls with Rett syndrome (weighted prevalence: 3.8/10,000 girls) and 27 children with other PDDs (weighted prevalence: 26.1/10,000). Compared to children with a psychiatric disorder other than PDD, social but not behavioural problems were more frequent in the PDD group. Parents of children with PDDs had higher rates of psychological distress than those from the two comparison groups. Consistent with other recent surveys, PDD rates are higher than those reported 30 years ago. The burden associated with PDDs is very high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of olanzapine in childhood/adolescent pervasive developmental disorder.

Atypical antipsychotics have been shown to improve disruptive and repetitive behaviors in pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), but they require assessment of potential side effects. This is the first placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine in the treatment of children and adolescents with PDD. Eleven patients with a diagnosis of either autism, Asperger's syndrome, or PDD not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and aged 6-14 years were randomized into an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel treatment study with olanzapine. There was a significant linear trend x group interaction on the Clinical Global Impressions- Improvement (CGI-I) and 50% on olanzapine versus 20% on placebo were responders. Olanzapine was associated with significant weight gain (7.5 +/- 4.8 lbs vs. 1.5 +/- 1.5 lbs on placebo). Olanzapine may be a promising treatment for improving global functioning of PDDs, but the risk of significant weight gain remains a concern. Additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of olanzapine in the treatment of children with PDD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Emotional role-taking abilities of children with a pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.

Seven to 12-year-old children with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDDNOS) were compared with normal, healthy children of the same age and sex on three different emotional role-taking tasks. In these tasks, children had to use person-specific information to make an inference about another child's emotional reaction and behaviour, Significant differences were found between the PDDNOS group and control group: PDDNOS children performed worse on all three role-taking tasks. However, the differences on one of these tasks could be completely explained by intelligence differences between the two groups. On the other tasks, differences could not or be partially explained by intelligence differences. The results of this study led to the formulation of a more specific hypothesis, namely that PDDNOS children might have problems interpreting social information when affectively charged background information has to be used.

Aptitude↗
PubMed2005

Symptoms related to ADHD observed in patients with pervasive developmental disorder.

To elucidate attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related factors observed in high-function pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and their impact on daily life, we classified high-function PDD patients according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for ADHD with the exception of the exclusion criteria (coexistence with PDD), and studied the relationship between ADHD-related aspects and daily behavior problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1, eight patients less than 6 years of age; and Group II, eight patients 6 years of age and older. Six patients in Group II met the criteria for ADHD. Five of them were classified as having the predominantly inattentive type of ADHD, and the remaining patient exhibited the combined type. However, no patient in Group I met the criteria for ADHD, suggesting the low sensitivity of the DSM-IV criteria for assessing the inattentiveness of preschoolers. The analyses of the correlation between corresponding items in the DSM-IV criteria and CBCL scores suggested that ADHD-related symptoms in high-function PDD patients have an impact on their daily lives.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1990

The DSM-III-R field trial of pervasive developmental disorders.

This article describes the method and results of a national field trial of the proposed criteria for the DSM-III-R diagnosis of autistic disorder at 11 sites which have experience in diagnosing pervasive developmental disorders. Using the diagnosis of autistic disorder made by expert clinicians as a standard, the diagnostic criteria that were finally included in DSM-III-R demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity across different age groups and in children with and without language.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1998

Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children.

BACKGROUND: We investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder. METHODS: 12 children (mean age 6 years [range 3-10], 11 boys) were referred to a paediatric gastroenterology unit with a history of normal development followed by loss of acquired skills, including language, together with diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Children underwent gastroenterological, neurological, and developmental assessment and review of developmental records. Ileocolonoscopy and biopsy sampling, magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and lumbar puncture were done under sedation. Barium follow-through radiography was done where possible. Biochemical, haematological, and immunological profiles were examined. FINDINGS: Onset of behavioural symptoms was associated, by the parents, with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in eight of the 12 children, with measles infection in one child, and otitis media in another. All 12 children had intestinal abnormalities, ranging from lymphoid nodular hyperplasia to aphthoid ulceration. Histology showed patchy chronic inflammation in the colon in 11 children and reactive ileal lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, but no granulomas. Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two). There were no focal neurological abnormalities and MRI and EEG tests were normal. Abnormal laboratory results were significantly raised urinary methylmalonic acid compared with age-matched controls (p=0.003), low haemoglobin in four children, and a low serum IgA in four children. INTERPRETATION: We identified associated gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children, which was generally associated in time with possible environmental triggers.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Processing capacity in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders.

This study sought to investigate whether the abnormally small P3 amplitudes observed in pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) are related to differences in processing capacity. PDD children and adolescents and their control groups participated in the study. Visual probe stimuli were presented during an auditory task with two levels of difficulty. Event-related potentials (ERP) were measured from 62 electrodes during task performance. All groups showed amplitude increases to auditory stimuli with increasing task load. Controls showed expected smaller P3 amplitudes to visual probes, whereas PDD subjects did not. The results suggest that autistic subjects show abnormal capacity allocation. Some of these abnormalities may dissolve over time, while others remain into adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders in the British nationwide survey of child mental health.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) is not well established and needs monitoring. The prevalence of PDD in the 1999 nationwide British survey of child and adolescent mental health was investigated. METHOD: A randomized, stratified sample of children (N= 12,529) aged 5 to 15 years was generated from the Child Benefit Register. Trained interviewers interviewed parents and youths aged 11 or older with a standardized diagnostic interview (Development and Well-Being Assessment), and questionnaire data (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were obtained from teachers and parents, who also completed self-report measures of psychological distress. Final diagnostic determination was achieved by a team of experienced clinicians using all data sources. RESULTS: A total of 10,438 (83%) interviews were conducted. There were 2 girls with Rett syndrome (weighted prevalence: 3.8/10,000 girls) and 27 children with other PDD (weighted prevalence: 26.1/10,000). Compared with children with a psychiatric disorder other than PDD, social but not behavioral problems were more frequent in the PDD group. Parents of children with PDD had higher rates of psychological distress than those from the two comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with other recent surveys, PDD rates are higher than those reported 30 years ago. The burden associated with PDD is very high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Open trial of risperidone in 24 young children with pervasive developmental disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To describe tolerability and efficacy of risperidone in very young children with pervasive developmental disorders. METHOD: Twenty-four children aged 3.6 to 6.6 years (mean 4.6 years +/- 8 months) enrolled during 1999 and 2000 participated in a 16-week open-label trial with risperidone monotherapy. Outcome measures included the Children's Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I), and Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS). RESULTS: Two subjects did not complete the trial because of side effects. The optimal dose was 0.5 mg/day. After the treatment a 21% improvement in CPRS and a 14% improvement in CARS total scores was found. Items related to behavioral control (hyperactivity, fidgetiness, rhythmic motions) and affect regulation (lability of affect, angry affect) improved more than 25%. Based on improvement of at least 25% on the CPRS and a score of 1 or 2 on the CGI-I, eight subjects were considered responders. Functional impairment (C-GAS) improved more than 25%. Thirteen subjects (54%) were free of any side effects; in the other participants risperidone was well tolerated. Only three subjects had a weight gain greater than 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose risperidone may positively affect symptoms in young autistic children, improving disruptive/hyperactive behavior and affective dysregulation. Further controlled studies in this age group are warranted.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Developmental disorders of the mouse brain induced by murine cytomegalovirus: animal models for congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Developmental disorders induced by congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection mainly involve the central nervous system. The type and degree of the brain disorders seems to depend on infection time during gestation, virulence, route of infection and viral susceptible cells in each embryonal stage. Since transplacental transmission has been reported not to occur with murine CMV (MCMV), we developed mouse models for congenital CMV infection by surgical injection of MCMV into the mouse conceptus or embryo at different gestational stages. For the early stage, the mouse embryos were not infected with MCMV even after injecting the virus into the blastocysts, which were developed in the pseudo-pregnant mothers or cultured in vitro. Isolated whole mouse embryos of day 7.5 of gestation (E7.5), adsorbed with a high titer of MCMV and cultured for 3 days, were susceptible to MCMV infection. Therefore, the mouse embryo acquires the susceptibility around this period. Microphthalmia and cerebral atrophy were induced in mouse embryos after injection of MCMV into the conceptus on E8.5. Viral antigen-positive cells were widely distributed in the mesenchyme around the oral and nasal cavities and in the mesenchyme around the brain, especially the endothelial cells of vessels and the perivascular mesodermal cells, then infection extends to the eyes, brain or choroid plexus. This finding suggests that mesenchymal infection may be the critical step in disrupting organogenesis, resulting in brain disorders. For the late stage, mouse embryos were infected with MCMV by injecting the virus into the cerebral ventricles on E15.5. Brains of the offspring showed massive necrosis with gliomesodermal proliferation in the cerebral cortex. Viral antigen-positive cells were observed in laminar array in the lesion-free cortex and the hippocampus, suggesting that the infected cells migrate in association with the lamina formation. Immunohistochemical double-staining showed that brain cells susceptible to MCMV infection may be mainly neuronal and endothelial cells, resulting in cerebral atrophy with reduction of neuronal cells and cystic lesions, presumably due to ischemic vascular changes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders in children and adolescents with mental retardation.

BACKGROUND: Insight into the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in children and adolescents with mental retardation (MR) is known to be of clinical importance. However, estimating this prevalence is complicated. The literature reports prevalence rates ranging from 3% through 50%. This variation seems to be related to the concepts of PDD under study, the instruments used, and the studied populations. The present study aimed to estimate a reliable prevalence rate of PDD. METHODS: A total population-based screening with the PDD-MRS and the ABC (n=825) was followed by further assessment of children and adolescents at high risk for PDD according to these instruments, and for controls, with the ADI-R, ADOS-G and a DSM-IV-TR classification (n=188). RESULTS: The instruments lead to different prevalence rates that range from 7.8% to 19.8%. The differences in the estimated prevalence rates are related to the concept of PDD and the instruments they represent. The DSM-IV-TR prevalence (16.7%) seems to be the most reliable and well-founded estimate, since this prevalence rate is based on information from multiple informants and multiple time periods. CONCLUSIONS: The reported prevalence rates provide policy makers with an up-to-date and more substantiated guideline for the allocation of resources for children and adolescents with MR and PDD. The height of the prevalence should alert professionals that PDD is widespread in the population with MR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

An outpatient treatment program for young children with pervasive developmental disorder.

Clinical experiences with some fourteen young children (under 3 1/2 years) suffering from pervasive developmental disorder led to the design of an outpatient treatment program. The conceptual basis for the program was facilitated by two important changes in theory. The first was a shift in our understanding of infancy, based on observations rather than reconstruction from adult and child analysis; the second was the gradual evolvement in our understanding of this disorder. The treatment program has three components: (1) a prolonged period of parent-child or adult-child interactions aimed at attracting the attention of the child and helping him or her develop imitations, interaction, and communication; (2) intense instruction, with the help of an occupational therapist, designed to teach the child basic life skills such as eating, dressing and undressing, and toilet training; and (3) exposure to normal social interactions with other children within a day-care or preschool facility to encourage joining in the usual childhood activities. The success of the program depends heavily on coordination among all the people involved: ideally they should include the parents, speech therapist, occupational therapist, teachers, child-care worker, and clinician.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Pearls and pitfalls in the evaluation of pediatric congenital and developmental disorders.

Orthopaedic surgeons who treat children should have a thorough understanding of pediatric congenital and developmental disorders. It is paramount to develop approaches to these disorders that minimize risks to the patient and lessen the possibility of litigation against the treating physician. It is important to be aware of safe and effective approaches to specific conditions that highlight pearls and potential pitfalls of treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Negotiating educational programs for children with developmental disorders: assessment, interpretation, demonstration, support (AIDS).

An approach to negotiating educational programs for children with multiple developmental problems is presented using two case examples from an interdisciplianry setting, the University Affiliated Cincinnati Center for Developmental Disorders. The use of the AIDS (Assessment, Intervention, Demonstration, Support) approach offers the schools evidence that the professional educator and psychologist are working in good faith and will not abandon them prematurely. Proper school placement through mediation also allows the school personnel to receive credit from the family for making the necessary changes, therefore not losing face with the parents. This approach seems particularly applicable to children with multiple and chronic problems who do not fit single special educational/diagnostic categories or labels.

Child Psychiatry↗
PubMed2004

In search of neurophysiological markers of pervasive developmental disorders: smooth pursuit eye movements?

Genetic studies of autism would benefit from the identification of (neurophysiological) markers of the disease. Reports that subjects with autism suffer from abnormalities of visual motor processing, indicate that abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) may be a marker of the disorder. Sixteen high-functioning school-aged children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) were compared with a matched group of eighteen normally developing controls on performance of a SPEM task and a task which tested the integrity of visually guided saccadic eye movements. Both groups of children had normal eye movements during performance of these tasks. Thus abnormalities in SPEM would appear not to be a marker of PDD. The earlier reported abnormalities in visual motion processing might need to be reinterpreted.

Child↗
PubMed2025

Investigating the interplay between prematurity and genetic variation in the context of rare developmental disorders.

BACKGROUND: Rare damaging genetic variation accounts for a substantial proportion of the risk of rare developmental disorders (DDs), but common genetic variants as well as environmental factors, including prematurity, also contribute. Little is known about the interplay between prematurity and genetic variation in influencing phenotypic outcomes in DDs, nor about how genetic factors may contribute to risk of preterm birth in DDs. METHODS: We leveraged phenotypic and genetic data from 21,712 patients with DDs recruited for clinical sequencing, 16% of whom were born prematurely. Using multivariable regression models, we compared phenotypic features and the prevalence of diagnostic genetic variation in specific genes between preterm and term individuals with DDs. We tested whether the fraction of cases attributable to de novo mutations differed between term and preterm probands. Additionally, we assessed whether associations between common variant contributions to education-related traits and prematurity are explained by direct genetic effects. RESULTS: Prematurity was associated with more severe clinical phenotypes among these DD patients, including more affected organ systems and more delayed developmental milestones. Prematurity and the presence of a monogenic diagnosis contributed additively to severity. We found that genes associated with fetal anomalies were enriched for diagnostic mutations among preterm individuals (p = 7.83 × 10-5). We also demonstrated an exome-wide enrichment of de novo mutations (DNMs) in both term and preterm probands; the fraction of cases explained by DNMs in known DD-associated genes was higher in term than preterm cases (25% versus 20%) but DNMs in as-yet-undiscovered genes likely contribute approximately equally to both groups (14% versus 13%). Finally, we showed that the positive association between polygenic predisposition to education-related traits and gestational duration is likely to be the result of genetically influenced parental traits or confounders, rather than direct genetic effects in the child, and that a monogenic diagnosis modifies this association. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasise the importance of considering environmental factors like prematurity in understanding outcomes in DDs suspected to have a genetic component, and motivate further exploration of the role that genetic variation plays in influencing prematurity.

Humans↗