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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The use of toxicity bioassays to monitor the recovery of oiled wetland sediments.

Six toxicity assays were compared to determine their efficacy in assessing toxicity dynamics during a wetland bioremediation study. The toxicity bioassays used were the Microtox 100% elutriate test, Microtox Solid Phase Test (SPT), amphipod assay, P450 reporter gene system, Toxi-ChromoPad test and a Salmonella/microsome assay. Oiled sediments were analyzed for toxicity in the petroleum biostimulation experiment conducted along the San Jacinto River, near Houston (TX, USA). The bioassays were evaluated for their ability to measure acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, and the mutagenic potential of amended oiled plots as compared to oiled and unoiled control plots. Amendments were diammonium phosphate alone or in combination with potassium nitrate, which served as an alternate electron acceptor. With exception of the Toxi-ChromoPad and Salmonella tests, the bioassays exhibited a significant increase in toxicity after oil application. Microtox bioassays detected significant sediment toxicity up to 29 d after oil and amendment application. The Microtox solid phase test results correlated strongly with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of total target saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons. The amphipod assay detected initial toxicity with a decline to day 70, followed by a significant increase in toxicity on day 140 in plots receiving nutrient amendments, which may be in response to excessive nutrient application. Low levels of enzyme induction were observed with the P450 reporter gene system assay in all oiled sediments throughout the study, suggesting low but persistent levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Of the six tests, the two Microtox tests and the amphipod test showed the most potential in evaluating petroleum toxicity in wetland sediments.

Amphipoda↗
PubMed2003

Impact of the plant rhizosphere and augmentation on remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soil.

This study investigated the interactive effects of bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and the rhizosphere during remediation of Aroclor 1242-contaminated soil. Treatments were repeatedly augmented with polychlorinated bipheny (PCB)-degrading bacteria, inducers (carvone and salicylic acid), surfactant (sorbitan trioleate), minimal salts medium in a 20-cm high soil column, or a combination of these elements. Soils containing a single Brassica nigra plant achieved 61% PCB removal in the 0 to 2 and 2 to 6 cm depths after 9 weeks of bioaugmentation, whereas only 43 and 14% PCB removal, respectively, was achieved in unplanted controls. Gas diffusion coefficients of 13.0 and 5.0 x 10(-7) m2 s(-1) were calculated from a methane diffusion assay for planted and unplanted soils respectively, indicating the positive effect of plant roots on gas diffusion into the soil. A second, modified column study removed 87, 73, 63, and 45% of PCB after 12 weeks in the 0 to 5, 5 to 11, 11 to 26, and 26 to 35 cm depths, respectively, in planted-bioaugmented soils, whereas 65, 54, 53, and 47% of PCB was removed from the planted-minimal salts treatment, respectively. Shifts in the soil microbial community structure were demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA. Results support that Brassica nigra directly contributed to accelerated PCB removal by increased oxygen diffusion, amendment infiltration, and microbial enrichment.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioremediation of residual fertilizer nitrate: I. Laboratory demonstration of an on-farm in situ pollution control system.

This exploratory laboratory study was undertaken to develop and test an in situ bioremediation system intended to point the way toward a possible field application. The proposed method uses a water table management (WTM) system to deliver nutrients or other amendments to subsoil microorganisms for biostimulation and subsequent biodegradation of pollutants in the saturated and unsaturated zones of the soil. The study was carried out on packed soil columns and bioremediation of residual fertilizer nitrate was attempted. Different levels of organic carbon supplement (glucose C) were introduced into these columns via subirrigation in order to supplement the readily available organic carbon levels in the soil. The study was carried out in two experimental setups. The first setup investigated (i) the effect of addition of a high (970 mg L(-1)) and a low (120 mg L(-1)) glucose C level and (ii) the efficacy of using the subirrigation system as a method for nutrient delivery in bioremediation of leached nitrate. This setup was monitored with time, depth, and with reference to the nitrate residue in the soil solution. Leached nitrate was denitrified to less than 10 mg L(-1) nitrate N at both glucose levels. The second setup investigated the effect of a range of low levels of glucose C on nitrate decontamination, soil pH, and total microbial count in order to find out an optimal glucose C level that reduced the most nitrate and maintained the pH homeostasis of soil.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microbial reduction of hexavalent chromium under vadose zone conditions.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a common contaminant associated with nuclear reactors and fuel processing. Improper disposal at facilities in and and semiarid regions has contaminated underlying vadose zones and aquifers. The objectives of this study were to assess the potential for immobilizing Cr(VI) using a native microbial community to reduce soluble Cr(VI) to insoluble Cr(III) under conditions similar to those in the vadose zone, and to evaluate the potential for enhancing biological Cr(VI) reduction through nutrient addition. Batch microcosm and unsaturated flow column experiments were performed. Native microbial communities in subsurface sediments with no prior Cr(VI) exposure were shown to be capable of Cr(VI) reduction. In both the batch and column experiments, Cr(VI) reduction and loss from the aqueous phase were enhanced by adding high levels of both nitrate (NO3-) and organic C (molasses). Nutrient amendments resulted in up to 87% reduction of the initial 67 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) in an unsaturated batch experiment. Molasses and nitrate additions to 15 cm long unsaturated flow columns receiving 65 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) resulted in microbially mediated reduction and immobilization of 10% of the Cr during a 45-d experiment. All of the immobilized Cr was in the form of Cr(III), as shown by XANES analysis. This suggests that biostimulation of microbial Cr(VI) reduction in vadose zones by nutrient amendment is a promising strategy, and that immobilization of close to 100% of Cr contamination could be achieved in a thick vadose zone with longer flow paths and longer contact times than in this experiment.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1992

Weight changes prepartum and presence of bulls postpartum interact to affect duration of postpartum anestrus in cows.

Our hypothesis was that cows with greater body condition at parturition would respond to the presence of bulls (biostimulation) by having shorter periods of postpartum anestrus than cows with a lesser body condition. Multiparous cows in good body condition at the initiation of the study were either maintained on a high dietary regimen or switched to a low dietary regimen during the 90 d preceding parturition. After parturition, half of the cows from each group were placed in pastures with sterile bulls, and the remaining half were placed in pastures without bulls. This study was replicated during a 2nd yr. Blood samples were collected twice weekly and assayed for concentrations of progesterone to estimate time of onset of luteal function after parturition. There was a significant interaction (P less than .05) between body condition at parturition and presence of bulls postpartum on the duration of postpartum anestrus. Cows of lesser body condition that were in the presence of bulls after calving initiated estrous cycles 14 d earlier than cows with lesser body condition that were isolated from bulls. In cows with a greater body condition, presence of bulls after calving only shortened postpartum anestrus by 6 d. Thus, we reject our initial hypothesis.

Anestrus↗
PubMed1983

Sexual behavior of the bull: a review.

Development of sexual behavior, puberty, and social behavior is described in bulls. Normal mating behavior is discussed, including the relative importance of visual and olfactory cues as stimuli. The influence of sexual preparation on quantitative and qualitative seminal characteristics is reviewed. Attention is drawn to the strong genetic influences on libido and mating ability in bulls. The evidence for biostimulation in cattle is examined, with the conclusion that more investigation and exploitation of this phenomenon is warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Bacillus subtilis isolated from medicinal plants rhizosphere effectively controls Cercospora leaf spot and improves plant growth in mung bean (Vigna radiata).

BACKGROUND: Mung bean is an important leguminous crop, which is reported to face devastating yield losses of up to 70% due to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease. Traditional methods, such as the application of agrochemicals and fungicides, have been used to control CLS, but their intensive use has toxic effects on edible crops. METHODS: To find out a sustainable alternative, this study characterizes a strain, Bacillus subtilis Medicinal_04, isolated from Cannabis sativa rhizosphere and explores its role as an eco-friendly biofungicide and biostimulant. The species level identification of the isolate was confirmed by Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIb) and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH). The antagonistic efficacy of B. subtilis Medicinal_04 against Cercospora canescens was evaluated in vitro as well as in planta assays. RESULTS: ANIb of 97.80% and a dDDH score of 85.90% against the reference B. subtilis str. 168. confirmed this isolate as B. subtilis. The in-vitro results showed that B. subtilis robustly inhibited C. canescens growth by 81.5%, strongly correlated with positive chitinolytic activity and a diverse genomic array of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. The in planta results demonstrated that B. subtilis seed priming reduced disease incidence by 80 and 71.4%, while foliar application resulted in reductions of 90 and 85.7% for NM-51 and NM-20-21 varieties, respectively. Furthermore, fungicide application successfully reduced disease, however it caused noticeable phytotoxic reductions in root-shoot architecture and chlorophyll content. In contrast, biological interventions completely bypassed these trade-offs as B. subtilis application displayed improved root-shoot length, pod number, and chlorophyll content, while simultaneously enhancing antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT) and PR-1 gene expression. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that B. subtilis Medicinal_04 has the potential to serve as a multifunctional biocontrol agent and is capable of securing high-level disease suppression and optimizing plant productivity, offering a valuable toolkit for climate-smart, sustainable agriculture.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of selected rehabilitation procedures for pain syndrome caused by cervical spine instability].

In the examined group of 71 patients with pain syndrome caused by instability of the cervical spine, an attempt was made to evaluate the impact of rehabilitation on the alleviation of complaints and symptoms, and to indicate the effectiveness of selected physicotherapeutical procedures used in this rehabilitation. From the examinations performed and their statistical analysis it can be inferred that there is significant improvement in the alleviation of complaints and symptoms when rehabilitation is used. The need also becomes apparent to provide a set of recommendations to be observed in daily and professional life. The best results in the alleviation of complaints and symptoms were achieved by patients in whom laser biostimulation was used as the basic physicotherapeutical procedure in rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pituitary and ovarian response to transient doe-litter separation in nursing rabbits.

The effects of a transient doe-litter separation on plasma prolactin, FSH and oestradiol concentrations, as well as the effect on LH response to exogenous GnRH administered at the time of artificial insemination, were determined in nursing rabbits. The effects on fertility, and litter size after parturition, as well as litter survival after doe-litter separation, were also studied. Control does (n = 12) had free access to nursing, whereas biostimulated does (n = 12) were separated from their litters for 48 h before artificial insemination. Plasma prolactin concentrations were decreased 24 h after the doe-litter separation (P < 0.05). The response of prolactin to suckling reached 10 times the basal values measured on day 10 after parturition (P < 0.0001). Increased oestradiol concentrations were found during the 48 h after the doe-litter separation: at 0 h, before artificial insemination (P< 0. 0001), 1.0-2.0 h after artificial insemination (P < 0.001), at 2.5 h (P < 0.05), 3.0 h (P < 0.01), and at 3.5 h (P < 0.05) after artificial insemination. Exogenous GnRH administered at the time of artificial insemination caused a greater LH response in does previously separated from their litters during 48 h (P < 0.01). The transient doe-litter separation did not affect plasma FSH concentrations, fertility, litter size or litter survival. These results suggest that a transient separation of nursing does from their litters before artificial insemination results in a decrease in plasma prolactin concentrations that could promote growth of follicular waves, and high steroidogenesis activity, leading to increased oestradiol concentrations and inducing higher sensitivity of the pituitary gland to exogenous GnRH. These findings associated to the absence of suckling episodes would lead to higher LH response and, therefore, exert a major effect on fertility.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunopoiesis- and erythropoiesis-modulating properties of trecresan in experimental immune deficiency].

The effect of trecrezan, a new immunoactive biostimulator, was studied in (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mice with immunodeficiency and anemia syndromes induced by a chronic guest-versus-host reaction. The drug combines immuno- and erythromodulant properties, being capable of eliminating anemia, decreasing the number of erythrokaryocytes and BFUs in bonemarrow of ill mice, and normalizing primary humoral immune response. Possible mechanisms of trecrezan action are discussed.

Acetates↗
PubMed2001

[Ecotoxicology, human ecology, laser biotechnology in primary prevention of environmental health hazards].

Interdisciplinary studies in ecotoxicology (including the influence of complex physical, chemical and biological factors on ecosystems and human food chain), human ecology (related to estimation of individuals exposition to different pollutants both in the natural environment and in-door environment, as well as by food) and environmental biotechnology (based on application of high sensitive biological, especially embryological criteria in biotests for water quality, including image computisation and biosensors)--are scientific base for primary prevention of disturbances of the ecological balance as well as environmental risk factors for human health. Large scale applications of laser biostimulation in environmental engineering is a new chance for system approach in primary prevention by more efficient nutritional prevention, protection of proper water quality (including biotests) and protection of the human environment in working and living places.

Biotechnology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physical model of the plant tissue response to exposure to the microwave electromagnetic field].

A hypothesis was suggested to explain the effect of biostimulation of seeds exposed to microwave electromagnetic field. It was shown that the assumption on the determining influence of the microwave field on the transport properties of the conducting system of a plant satisfactorily explains the phenomena observed in germinating seeds and growing plants. A physical model of the response of a plant cell to a microwave field is presented, which served as a basis for the method of calculating the maximum possible time of exposure of plant tissue.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMed2003

[An experimental substantiation of nitric-oxide containing gas flow in the treatment of eye traumas].

The hypothesis on the biostimulating effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) was made use of to develop a new method to stimulate the healing of wounds through treating them by a NO saturated gas flow. The above gas flow is generated by air-plasma unit "Plazon". The experimental and clinical studies confirmed that the NO-therapy is a highly effective treatment method for different lesions of the skin and soft tissues. We tried to use the above method in ophthalmology. A comprehensive experimental study was carried out to assess the impact of the NO-containing gas flow on the eyeball structures. An optimal mode was designed, which does not exert any influence on the intraocular pressure, Ph of the lachrymal fluid, antioxidative activity and on the proteinase-inhibitor balance in tears; no morphological changes occurred in the ocular tissue structures. The mentioned morphological and biochemical studies confirmed that the application of the NO-containing gas flow speeds up the healing, process of both an experimental cornea erosion and penetrating corneal wounds. Optimal modes of NO-therapy were defined for both types of lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[The laser irradiation effects on blood leukocytes: controversies and critical research findings].

Although much has been written in the recent years about usefulness of low and mid power lasers in medicine, many doubts still remain as to the actual effectiveness of such therapy, and in advance its impact on the leukocytes. Based on the detailed analysis in both Polish and foreign literature, the authors of the following paper present a great deal of doubts connected with safe application of the laser therapy. Presented full of controversies examples connected with the influence of the laser radiation on the leukocytes. The therapeutic effects of applied biostimulative lasers cannot be confirmed neither by practitioners nor by professional literature. It seems that critical and realistic attitude is necessary.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

The use of human fibrin glue in the surgical operations.

Human Fibrin Glue (HFG) is made of two components contained in separate vials: a freeze dried concentrate of clotting proteins, mainly fibrinogen, Factor XIII and fibronectin (the sealant) and freeze dried thrombin (the catalyst). The first component is reconstituted with an aprotinin solution that inhibits tissue fibrinolysis. The second component (thrombin), available in 500 I.U. concentration, is dissolved with calcium chloride. It is so a set of substances involved in the hemostatic process and in the wound healing, conferring to the product the following important properties: hemostatic and sealing action, through the strengthening of the last step of the physiological coagulation; biostimulation, which favors the formation of new tissue matrix. The indications for the use of human fibrin sealant are numerous and present in all the surgical branches. A randomized controlled trial of 50 patients undergoing hernia repair according to Lichtenstein's technique under local anesthesia was performed. Patients had concurrent coagulopathies as a consequence of liver disease or long-term treatment with anticoagulants for ischemic heart disease or cardiac rhythm disturbances. Coagulopathies were defined according to the following criteria: prothrombin time < 10.5 seconds, activated partial thromboplastin time < 21 seconds, and fibrinogen < 230 mg/dL. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio with (group A) or without (control group B) use of human fibrin glue: Postoperative hemorrhagic complications were significantly reduced in group A (4%) compared with group B (24%). This study showed that human fibrin glue is effective in preventing local hemorrhagic complications after inguinal hernia repair in patients with concurrent coagulation disorders.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of photosynthetic bacteria and compost on degradation of petroleum products in soil].

Addition of diesel fuel and waste engine oil to soil was found to cause biostimulation of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms. Corynebacteria constitute a large group of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms. Addition of a liquid culture of photosynthetic bacteria to soil not only facilitates degradation of petroleum products, but also stimulates growth of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms. Combined addition of photosynthetic bacteria and compost to soil polluted with petroleum products causes even a more significant increase in the count of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria and substantially increases the rate of pollutant degradation.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2004

Microbial communities and their interactions in biofilm systems: an overview.

Several important advances have been made in the study of biofilm microbial populations relating to their spatial structure (or architecture), their community structure, and their dependence on physicochemical parameters. With the knowledge that hydrodynamic forces influence biofilm architecture came the realization that metabolic processes may be enhanced if certain spatial structures can be forced. An example is the extent of plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer in biofilms. Recent in situ work in defined model systems has shown that the biofilm architecture plays a role for genetic transfer by bacterial conjugation in determining how far the donor cells can penetrate the biofilm. Open channels and pores allow for more efficient donor transport and hence more frequent cell collisions leading to rapid spread of the genes by horizontal gene transfer. Such insight into the physical environment of biofilms can be utilized for bioenhancement of catabolic processes by introduction of mobile genetic elements into an existing microbial community. If the donor organisms themselves persist, bioaugmentation can lead to successful establishment of newly introduced species and may be a more successful strategy than biostimulation (the addition of nutrients or specific carbon sources to stimulate the authochthonous population) as shown for an enrichment culture of nitrifying bacteria added to rotating disk biofilm reactors using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and microelectrode measurements of NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, and O2. However, few studies have been carried out on full-scale systems. Bioaugmentation and bioenhancement are most successful if a constant selective pressure can be maintained favoring the promulgation of the added enrichment culture. Overall, knowledge gain about microbial community interactions in biofilms continues to be driven by the availability of methods for the rapid analysis of microbial communities and their activities. Molecular tools can be grouped into those suitable for ex situ and in situ community analysis. Non-spatial community analysis, in the sense of assessing changes in microbial populations as a function of time or environmental conditions, relies on general fingerprinting methods, like DGGE and T-RFLP, performed on nucleic acids extracted from biofilm. These approaches have been most useful when combined with gene amplification, cloning and sequencing to assemble a phylogenetic inventory of microbial species. It is expected that the use of oligonucleotide microarrays will greatly facilitate the analysis of microbial communities and their activities in biofilms. Structure-activity relationships can be explored using incorporation of 13C-labeled substrates into microbial DNA and RNA to identify metabolically active community members. Finally, based on the DNA sequences in a biofilm, FISH probes can be designed to verify the abundance and spatial location of microbial community members. This in turn allows for in situ structure/function analysis when FISH is combined with microsensors, microautoradiography, and confocal laser scanning microscopy with advanced image analysis.

Bacteria↗