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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Elastic modulus of resin-based dental restorative materials: a microindentation approach.

This research aimed to determine the elastic modulus of resin-based dental composite restoratives using the microindentation test method. Results were then compared with those obtained with the ISO three-point bending test method. Five materials from the same manufacturer (3M ESPE) were selected for the study. They included microfill (A110), minifill (Z100 and Filtek Z250), poly-acid modified (F2000), and flowable (Filtek Flowable [FF]) composites. The indentation moduli of the composites were determined using a custom-designed microindentation test set up after conditioning in water at 37 degrees C for 1 week and 1 month. The indentation test was carried out at peak load of 10 N and Oliver & Pharr's method was used to determine the maximum projected contact area. Data was analyzed using ANOVA/post-hoc Scheffe's test at significance level 0.05 and Pearson's correlation at significance level 0.01. The mean indentation modulus ranged from 5.80 to 15.64 GPa and 5.71 to 15.35 GPa at 1 week and 1 month, respectively. At both time periods, the indentation modulus of Z100 was significantly higher than all other materials. F2000 was significantly higher than Z250, which was significantly stiffer than A110 and FF. The rankings were in good agreement with the ISO flexural test. A significant, positive, and strong correlation (r = 0.93 and 0.94 at 1 week and 1 month, respectively) in modulus between ISO three-point bending and microindentation test methods was observed. In view of the small specimen size and good reproducibility, the microindentation reflects a potential test method for determining the elastic properties of dental composite restoratives.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1995

Oxidative susceptibility of low density lipoprotein from rabbits fed atherogenic diets containing coconut, palm, or soybean oils.

The oxidative susceptibilities of low density lipoproteins (LDL) isolated from rabbits fed high-fat atherogenic diets containing coconut, palm, or soybean oil were investigated. New Zealand white rabbits were fed atherogenic semisynthetic diets containing 0.5% cholesterol and either (i) 13% coconut oil and 2% corn oil (CNO), (ii) 15% refined, bleached, and deodorized palm olein (RBDPO), (iii) 15% crude palm olein (CPO), (iv) 15% soybean oil (SO), or (v) 15% refined, bleached, and deodorized palm olein without cholesterol supplementation [RBDPO(wc)], for a period of twelve weeks. Total fatty acid compositions of the plasma and LDL were found to be modulated (but not too drastically) by the nature of the dietary fats. Cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the plasma level of vitamin E and effectively altered the plasma composition of long-chain fatty acids in favor of increasing oleic acid. Oxidative susceptibilities of LDL samples were determined by Cu2(+)-catalyzed oxidation which provide the lag times and lag-phase slopes. The plasma LDL from all palm oil diets [RBDPO, CPO, and RBDPO(wc)] were shown to be equally resistant to the oxidation, and the LDL from SO-fed rabbits were most susceptible, followed by the LDL from the CNO-fed rabbits. These results reflect a relationship between the oxidative susceptibility of LDL due to a combination of the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Positron emission tomography with selected mediastinoscopy compared to routine mediastinoscopy offers cost and clinical outcome benefits for pre-operative staging of non-small cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging is an important staging procedure in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to demonstrate, through a decision tree model and the incorporation of real costs of each component, that routine FDG-PET imaging as a prelude to curative surgery will reduce requirements for routine mediastinoscopy and overall hospital costs. METHODS: A decision tree model comparing routine whole-body FDG-PET imaging to routine staging mediastinoscopy was used, with baseline variables of sensitivity, specificity and prevalence of non-operable and metastatic disease obtained from institutional data and a literature review. Costings for hospital admissions for mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy of actual patients with NSCLC were determined. The overall and average cost of managing patients was then calculated over a range of FDG-PET costs to derive projected cost savings to the community. RESULTS: The prevalence of histologically proven mediastinal involvement in patients with NSCLC presenting for surgical assessment at our institution is 20%, and the prevalence of distant metastatic disease is 6%. Based on literature review, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET for detection of mediastinal spread are 84% and 89% respectively, and for mediastinoscopy, 81% and 100%. The average cost of mediastinoscopy for NSCLC in our institution is 4,160 AUD, while that of thoracotomy is 15,642 AUD. The cost of an FDG-PET scan is estimated to be 1,500 AUD. Using these figures and the decision tree model, the average cost saving is 2,128 AUDper patient. CONCLUSION: Routine FDG-PET scanning with selective mediastinoscopy will save 2,128 AUD per patient and will potentially reduce inappropriate surgery. These cost savings remain robust over a wide range of disease prevalence and FDG-PET costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Axenic culture of reptilian Blastocystis isolates in monophasic medium and speciation by karyotypic typing.

The growth of axenic reptilian isolates of Blastocystis in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) was studied and the morphology of the parasite was examined by phase-contrast microscopy. The chromosomal patterns of these reptilian isolates of Blastocystis were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and compared with those of B. hominis and B. lapemi, a sea snake Blastocystis. IMDM with 10% horse serum supported excellent growth of the reptilian Blastocystis isolates. The parasites from all the isolates were predominantly vacuolar, but multivacuolar and amoeboid forms were also seen. Amoeboid forms with rather elongate pseudopodia were also observed. There were some differences in size, morphology, and growth characteristics in the different reptilian isolates. The karyotypic patterns of the Blastocystis isolates from tortoise, iguana, and python were distinctly different from one another and from those obtained with B. hominis and B. lapemi. On the basis of the above-mentioned differences in chromosomal patterns, the tortoise, iguana, and python isolates are described as new species, viz., B. geocheloni sp. nov. from Geochelone carbonaria (red-footed tortoise), B. cycluri sp. nov. from Cyclura cornuta (rhino iguana), and B. pythoni sp. nov. from Python reticulatus (reticulated python).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

On-line computerized diagnosis of pain-related disability and psychological status of TMD patients: a pilot study.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a collective term embracing a number of clinical problems, which involve the masticatory musculature, the temporomandibular joint or both. Virtually all theories dealing with the aetiology and treatment of TMD have recognized the importance of psychological factors. This paper reports the development of a computerized on-line program (NUS TMD v1.1) for the diagnosis of pain-related disability and psychological status of TMD patients based on Axis II of the research diagnostic criteria (RDC)/TMD (Dworkin, S.F. & LeResche, L. 1992. Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders: Facial Oral Pain, 6, 301), which was developed to redress the lack of diagnostic criteria in TMD research. Methods adopted by RDC/TMD for use in assessing Axis II status include a seven-item questionnaire for grading chronic pain severity, the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R) and a jaw disability checklist. A pilot study, based on 37 new TMD patient records, was conducted to study the pain-related disability and psychological status of TMD patients using this newly developed program. The mean age of the predominantly Chinese population (86.5%) was 32.19 years (range 20-72 years) with a sex distribution of 24 females and 13 males. Most patients (78%) had low disability, with 12 patients having low intensity and 17 patients having high intensity pain. Approximately 73% of the sample population were moderately or severely depressed. Patients that were moderately and severely depressed had significantly higher scores for limitation related to mandibular functioning than normal patients. The three most frequent jaw disabilities were: eating hard foods (84%), yawning (78%) and chewing (65%).

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Identification of a novel repetitive DNA element and its use as a molecular marker for strain typing and discrimination of ara- from ara+ Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates.

A novel 10-bp repeat (5'-CGACGCAGGC-3')34 was identified in a strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the first repetitive element found in this species. A pair of primers, based on the flanking sequences of the repetitive region, was used in PCR and DNA sequence analysis to determine the genomic structure and distribution of the repetitive element in 76 arabinose- (ara-) and 7 ara+ B. pseudomallei isolates. DNA fragments of 400-700 bp were amplified in all ara- isolates. Ara+ isolates were characterised by a uniform fragment of 402 bp. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these fragments revealed broad heterogeneity of the variable-number tandem repeats with 26 distinct alleles ranging between (5'-CGACGCAGGC-3')13 and (5'-CGACGCAGGC-3')45 identified in the ara- isolates. In contrast, a novel non-repetitive sequence was identified in each of the ara+ isolates. This was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Such biotype-specific variable-number tandem repeats may be useful as genetic markers for rapid strain differentiation of ara- isolates.

Alleles↗
PubMed2007

Cost-effective real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) to screen for Dengue virus followed by rapid single-tube multiplex RT-PCR for serotyping of the virus.

Virus detection methodology provides detection of dengue virus in the early phase of the disease. PCR, targeting cDNA derived from viral RNA, has been used as a laboratory-based molecular tool for the detection of Dengue virus. We report the development and use of three real-time one-step reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays to detect dengue cases and serotype the virus involved. The first RT-PCR assay uses SYBR green I as the reporting dye for the purpose of cost-effective screening for dengue virus. The detection limit of the SYBR green I assay was 10 PFU/ml (0.01 equivalent PFU per assay) for all four dengue virus serotypes. The second RT-PCR assay is a duplex fluorogenic probe-based real-time RT-PCR for serotyping clinical samples for dengue viruses. The detection threshold of the probe-based RT-PCR format was 0.1 PFU for serotypes Dengue-1 and Dengue-2, 1 PFU for serotype Dengue-3, and 0.01 PFU for serotype Dengue-4. The third is a fourplex assay that detects any of the four serotypes in a single closed tube with comparable sensitivity. Validation of the assays with local clinical samples collected from 2004 to 2006 revealed that there was an 88% positive correlation between virus isolation and RT-PCR with regard to dengue virus detection and a 100% correlation with seroconversion in subsequent samples. The serotyping results derived from duplex and fourplex assays agree fully with each other and with that derived from immunofluorescence assays.

Aedes↗
PubMed2000

Coronary artery bypass surgery on small patients.

Little research exists on the outcome of smaller patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of cardiac surgery in smaller patients (males with body surface area of 1.6 square meters or less, and women with 1.5 meters or less). A consecutive series of 4,358 patients undergoing bypass surgery was evaluated. Of these, 246 (5.6%) were classified as small patients. Smaller patients were more likely to be women, older and of Asian ethnicity. They were less likely to have undergone a prior cardiac surgery. Smaller patients were less likely to receive an arterial conduit (74% versus 99%; p<0.00001). Rates of post-surgery complications differed between small and normal size patients, with smaller patients more likely to require prolonged ventilator support (p <0.05), more likely to have acute renal failure (p<0.0001), more transfusions and re-operation for bleeding (p<0.05), higher death rate (5.7% versus 2.6%; p<0.01) and longer length of hospital stay (11.4 versus 8.3 days; p<0.00001). In multivariate analyses evaluating factors related to death, emergent surgery, poor ejection fraction and older patient age were independently related to mortality. Small body surface area was not an independent predictor. The results of this study indicate that smaller patients do have poorer outcomes associated with coronary artery bypass surgery. However, 90% of the smaller patients did have an event-free surgery. Surgeons may need to monitor these patients more closely and anticipate the increased risk and cost that is associated with this group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface texture of resin-modified glass ionomer cements: effects of finishing/polishing systems.

This study investigated the surface texture of two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) in the vertical and horizontal axis after treatment with different finishing/polishing systems. Class V preparations were made on the buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces of freshly extracted teeth. The cavities on each tooth were restored with Fuji II LC (GC) and Photac-Fil Quick (ESPE) according to manufacturers' instructions. Immediately after light-polymerization, gross finishing was done with 8-flute tungsten carbide burs. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups and finished/polished with (a) Robot Carbides (RC); (b) Super-Snap system (SS); (c) OneGloss (OG) and (d) CompoSite Points (CS). The sample size for each material-finishing/polishing system combination was eight. The mean surface roughness (microm) in vertical (RaV) and horizontal (RaH) axis was measured using a profilometer. Data was subjected to ANOVA/Scheffe's tests and Independent Samples t-test at significance level 0.05. Mean RaV ranged from 0.59-1.31 and 0.83-1.52, while mean RaH ranged from 0.80-1.43 and 0.85-1.58 for Fuji II LC and Photac-Fil, respectively. Results of statistical analysis were as follows: Fuji II LC: RaV-RC, SS<OG & SS<CS; RaH-SS, CS<RC, OG; Photac-Fil: RaV- SS, CS<OG; RaH-SS<RC, OG & CS<RC (where < indicates significantly greater Ra values). Significant differences in RaV and RaH values were observed when Fuji II LC was finished with RC. The use of carbides (RC) and one-step rubber abrasive system (OG) for finishing/polishing of RMGICs is not recommended. Graded abrasive disk (SS) or two-step rubber abrasive (CS) systems should be used instead.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface texture of resin-modified glass ionomer cements: effects of finishing/polishing time.

This study compared the surface texture of resin-modified glass ionomer cements after immediate and delayed finishing with different finishing/polishing systems. Class V preparations were made on the buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces of 64 freshly extracted teeth. The cavities on each tooth were restored with Fuji II LC (GC) and Photac-Fil Quick (3M-ESPE) according to manufacturers' instructions. Immediately after light-polymerization, gross finishing was done with 8-fluted tungsten carbide burs. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups of 16 teeth. Half of the teeth in each group were finished immediately, while the remaining half were finished after one-week storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C. The following finishing/polishing systems were employed: (a) Robot Carbides; (b) Super-Snap system; (c) OneGloss and (d) CompoSite Polishers. The mean surface roughness (microm; n=8) in vertical (RaV) and horizontal (RaH) axis was measured using a profilometer. Data was subjected to ANOVA/Scheffe's tests and Independent Samples t-test at significance level 0.05. Ra values were generally lower in both vertical and horizontal axis with delayed finishing/polishing. Although significant differences in RaV and RaH values were observed among several systems with immediate finishing/polishing, only one (Fuji II LC: RaH - Super-Snap < Robot Carbides) was observed with delayed finishing.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of finishing/polishing techniques on microleakage of resin-modified glass ilonomer cement restorations.

This study investigated the effect of finishing/polishing techniques on the microleakage of resin-modified glass ionomer restorations. Class V preparations were made on the buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces of freshly extracted teeth. The cavities on each tooth were restored with Fuji II LC (FT [GC]) and Photac-Fil Quick (PF [3M-ESPE]) according to manufacturers' instructions. Immediately after light-polymerization, gross finishing was done with eight-fluted tungsten carbide burs. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups and finishing/polishing was done with one of the following systems: (a) Robot Carbides (RC); (b) Super-Snap system (SS); (c) OneGloss (OG) and (d) CompoSite Polishers (CS). The sample size for each material-finishing/polishing system combination was eight. After finishing/polishing, the teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for one week. The root apices were then sealed with acrylic and two coats of varnish was applied 1 mm beyond the restoration margins. The teeth were subsequently subjected to dye penetration testing (0.5% basic fuchsin), sectioned and scored. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results of statistical analysis were as follows: Enamel margins: PF-OG<SS; FT-OG<RC; Dentin margins: PF-no significant difference; FT-OG & CS<RC. Regardless of the finishing/polishing technique, leakage at dentin margins was significantly greater than at enamel margins for FT. For PF, no significant difference in leakage scores was observed between dentin and enamel with the exception of finishing/polishing with OG. FT restorations had significantly less enamel and dentin leakage than PF restorations when treated with OG. The effect of finishing/polishing techniques on microleakage was both tissue and material dependent.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of instrumentation time on microleakage of resin-modified glass ionomer cements.

This study investigated the effect of instrumentation time on the microleakage of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). Class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual/ palatal surfaces of 64 freshly extracted non-carious premolars. The cavities on each tooth were restored with Fuji II LC (FT [GC]) and Photac-Fil Quick (PF [3M-ESPE]). The restored teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 32 teeth. Finishing/polishing was done immediately after light-polymerization in one group and was delayed for one week in the other group. The following finishing/polishing systems were evaluated: (a) Robot Carbides (RC); (b) SuperSnap (SS); (c) OneGloss (OG) and (d) CompoSite Polishers (CS). The sample size for each instrumentation time, material and finishing/polishing system combination was 8. Storage medium for both immediate and delayed instrumentation groups was distilled water at 37 degrees C during the hiatus period. The teeth were subsequently subjected to dye penetration testing (0.5% basic fushcin), sectioned and scored. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at significance level 0.05. For PF, significant difference in enamel leakage was observed between immediate and delayed instrumentation with SS and CS. Significant differences in dentin leakage were also observed between the two instrumentation times for SS. For FT, significant differences in leakage between instrumentation times were observed only in dentin and with RC. Where significant differences in dye penetration scores existed, delayed finishing/polishing resulted in less microleakage.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microwave drying of high strength dental stone: effects on dimensional accuracy.

High-strength dental stone is widely used to produce dies for the fabrication of restorations with the lost-wax technique. It is normal to wait at least 24 hours for casts to dry and gain sufficient strength prior to initiating laboratory procedures. This waiting time may be greatly reduced by using microwave drying. This study determined the optimum microwave energy density for preserving working die accuracy of a Type IV high-strength dental stone (Silky Rock; Whipmix). Cylindrical die specimens were fabricated according to manufacturer's instructions and allowed to set for one hour. The specimens were subsequently treated as follows: Group I (Control group)--air dried; Group II--microwaved at 700W for 40 seconds; Group III--microwaved at 490W for 60 seconds. The percentage weight loss of cylindrical specimens (n = 6) and the percentage dimensional change (n = 7) of die specimens in three axes (x, y and z) were determined at 30 minutes, 1 hour and 24 hours after air drying/microwaving. Weight loss was measured using an electronic digital balance, while dimensional changes were assessed using image analysis software. Data was subject to ANOVA/Scheffe's tests at significance level 0.05. No significant difference in percentage weight loss was observed between air drying for 24 hours and microwaved specimens at all time intervals. Although no significant difference in percentage dimensional changes was observed between specimens microwaved at 490W for 60 seconds and specimens air dried for 24 hours, significant changes in x, y and z dimensions were observed after microwaving at 700W for 40 seconds at various time intervals. Microwave radiation at 490W for 60 seconds is recommended for drying Type IV high-strength dental stone. Further investigations are required to determine changes in physical properties associated with the aforementioned microwave power density.

Air↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface finish of resin-modified and highly viscous glass ionomer cements produced by new one-step systems.

This study investigated the surface finish of resin-modified (Fuji II LC, GC) and highly viscous (Fuji IX GP Fast, GC) glass ionomer cements after treatment with three one-step finishing/polishing systems (One-Gloss [OG], Shofu; Pogo [PG], Dentsply; Sof-Lex Brush [SB], 3M-ESPE). The surface roughness obtained was compared to that using a matrix strip [MS], a two-step rubber abrasive (CompoSite [CS], Shofu) and a graded abrasive disk (Super Snap [SS], Shofu) system. Eight specimens (3-mm long x 3-mm wide x 2-mm deep) of each material were made for the various treatment groups. With the exception of the MS group, all groups were roughened with 320 grit grinding paper using a lapping device prior to finishing/polishing with the different systems. The mean surface roughness (microm) was measured with a profilometer. Data was subjected to ANOVA/Scheffe's tests at significance level 0.05. Mean Ra ranged from 0.13 to 1.04 microm for Fuji II LC and 0.14 to 0.81 for Fuji IX GP. For both materials, the smoothest surface was obtained with MS and the roughest with OG. Depending on the materials, the surface finish produced by PG and SB was superior or comparable to that obtained with CS and SS. The effectiveness of one-step systems, when used to finish/polish resin-modified and highly viscous glass ionomer cements, is product dependent.

Analysis of Variance↗