Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vision Tests”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The Freiburg Vision Test before and after cataract operation].

BACKGROUND: Especially in aged patients testing the visual acuity can be most time consuming. An automatic test could therefore be of great help. The recently introduced "Freiburg Visual Acuity Test' (FVT) using a forced-choice determination of Landolt orientation has proved a reliable method of automatic visual acuity testing in younger patients. PATIENTS: To learn about practicability and ease of this self-administered test, we tried this test in 87 patients (mean age 73) before and after cataract surgery. The Landolt ring was presented in 8 different positions on a monitor. A keyboard of 8 buttons, depicting the possible orientation of the Landolt C, allowed the patients to run through the test by themselves. With each patient's correct response, the size of the Landolt ring decreased accordingly. RESULTS: Although near vision of all patients was grossly impaired and accommodation power zero, handling of the keyboard for the subject's response was generally reported as easy. The reliability and reproducibility of the obtained values were good and close to acuity values obtained using projected test figures according to DIN. Prior to cataract surgery we found DIN values statistically significantly lower than FVT values. This difference did not persist after surgery. CONCLUSION: Although the tested patients were definitely no computer freaks, the procedure of the test was rapidly understood. The average testing time was 4.5 min, thus prolonged by 40% in comparison to assisted DIN testing, however consuming only 1.0 min of personnel's time. The test proved to be equally reliable in the elderly patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Pre-employment colour vision testing.

Male candidates (1020) for employment in occupations that required discrimination of colour were subjected to the Ishihara test and two trade tests of colour perception, the Giles Archer Lantern test and the Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) wire test. One hundred candidates failed the Ishihara test, 61 of the 100 passed both trade tests; 16 of the 100 passed the wire test alone and 7 of the 100 passed the lantern test alone but only 16 failed all 3 tests. Seventy-seven of the 84 who passed some part of their colour perception assessment were offered employment appropriate to their colour vision ability. Eleven of the 16 who passed the wire test alone and 3 of the 6 who passed the lantern test alone successfully entered employment. The Ishihara test, whilst being a useful screening test, is not sufficient on its own as a test of suitability for employment; one or more trade tests should be administered before rejecting candidates who fail it.

Aircraft↗
PubMed2000

A lantern color vision test for the rail industry.

BACKGROUND: Correct identification of wayside signal colors is critical for safe operation of railway equipment. However, evaluating color discrimination using just a screening test may not be occupationally relevant. METHODS: A lantern test (CNLAN) was designed to provide a functional assessment of color discrimination for the rail industry. It was validated against a simulated field trial. 81 individuals with normal color vision and 74 individuals with congenital red-green defects participated. Color vision was classified using the Nagel Anomaloscope. RESULTS: Using a criterion based on the worst-normal performance, 97% of the individuals with a color vision defect failed both the CNLAN and simulation trial. This value is slightly lower than the 100% who failed both the Ishihara test and simulation. However, the Ishihara test also failed 3.7% of the color-normals who passed both the simulation and lantern, whereas by definition none of the color-normals failed the lantern. CONCLUSIONS: This lantern test provides a reasonable functional assessment of one's ability to identify rail signal colors; especially when a strict failing criterion is applied to screening tests.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

The use of a newspaper insertion to promote DIY testing of vision in India.

BACKGROUND: The mass media have the potential to motivate people to participate in self appraisal of their own health status. An innovative communication package was designed to help people to examine vision at home. The impact of publishing the "do it yourself" (DIY) kit in Indian newspapers was evaluated. METHODS: A pretested bilingual vision testing kit was published in three newspapers. The kit comprised four tumbling Es corresponding to 6/12 line of Snellen's optotypes. Directions on using the kit were enclosed. 3 -7 days after publication of the kit, a telephone survey of newspaper readers was undertaken to evaluate the impact and cost effectiveness. RESULTS: 603 people were contacted over the telephone. 125 (20.73%) subscribed to the newspaper carrying the DIY insertion. 43.2% (54) noticed the insertion of which 88.89% (48) read the enclosed instructions carefully. 58.33% respondents felt sufficiently motivated to contact an ophthalmologist. Graduates had a 3.83 times higher probability of reading the communication insertion compared with others. Differences in relation to other demographic variables were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Newspapers are an excellent medium for communicating self appraisal kits for vision testing. The medium is cost effective and has significant reach in the urban agglomerates of India.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Colour vision testing as an aid to diagnosis and management of age related maculopathy.

AIM: To provide a simple test that detects the onset of age related maculopathy (ARM), and can be used to monitor its severity. METHODS: Colour contrast sensitivity was measured using computer graphics techniques. Colour thresholds were measured along tritan and protan colour confusion axes in the presence of dynamic luminance noise. Thresholds were determined separately for two sizes of optotypes (6.5 degrees and 1.5 degrees). Natural pupils were used. Normal values for the test have been established. RESULTS: In all patients with unilateral age related macular degeneration, the smaller optotype was invisible in that eye and in almost all, the larger optotype could not be seen. In the symptomless fellow eyes (with ARM) the larger optotype thresholds were raised. The degree of loss was larger for tritan. For the smaller optotype, protan thresholds were elevated in the majority of patients. Tritan losses were greater and disproportionate to the loss seen with the larger optotype. Every person including those with minimal fundal changes had tritan test results for 1.5 degree optotypes >2 SD above the normal mean. Tritan thresholds varied with the severity of the ARM. CONCLUSIONS: The test is sensitive, simple and quick to administer, and easy for patients. Therefore, it should be useful in detecting and monitoring elderly people with age related changes in their fundi before irreversible loss of vision has occurred.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Testing vision in children].

Measurement of visual acuity in children is more difficult than in adults. Children tend to riet when the threshold is reached and become inattentive. However the exact determination of visual acuity in children is important in some situations (Screening, Amblyopia). In this paper we examined whether an automated procedure is more exact than measurement by an examiner. Three series of experiments were done. In n = 173 we measured visual acuity first by an examiner using an optotype projector and second by an automated procedure (computer, keyboard, television screen). Both, the examiner and the computer used the same test-procedure and threshold criterion (DIN-Norm). The correlation coefficient was 0.84. In n = 53 children (age 4 to 7) visual acuity was measured by an examiner without a special strategy. Afterwards visual acuity was measured by the automated procedure. The correlation coefficient was 0.1. In n = 63 children (age 5-7) visual acuity was measured by an examiner using a strategy and a threshold criterion. Afterwards the automated procedure was used. The correlation coefficient was 0.69. The results show, that without a strategy and defined threshold criterion it is not possible to compare the measurements of visual acuity in different times. An automated procedure presented in this paper guaranties constant test conditions in an optimal way.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Binocular vision tested with visual evoked potentials in children and infants.

Evoked potentials (EP's) in response to phase-alternating gratings were recorded from normal and stereoblind or stereodefective subjects (adults and children) under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The amplitude of the binocular EP was found to exceed the larger monocular EP in normal but not in stereodefective subjects, no matter whether the amplitudes of the two monocular EP's were the same or not. This finding provides an objective method for screening out defects of binocular vision. EP's recorded from a group of infants 2 to 18 months old suggest that a larger amplitude of the binocular EP, as compared with the monocular EP's, is the norm even in the earliest period of life.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eye examination and vision testing.

This article discusses some of the more common eye problems that nurses may encounter during their day-to-day practice. It describes some of the observations and simple testing that may be used to help determine the need for specialist consultation. A principal aim is to remind nurses that by the use of careful observation and simple examination techniques, they can play an important role in the detection of ocular pathology and the unmet need for specialist services. Manifestations of a variety of disorders are highlighted, together with some of the key points for nurses to consider when examining the external eye and lid.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed2004

A fast system for reporting the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue colour vision test.

We have developed a system for rapidly reporting the Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-hue test using a personal computer and a bar code scanner. The computer generated report duplicates the conventional manual report of the FM 100-hue test so is very familiar to ophthalmologists and optometrists. The new system has proved to be of great assistance both in saving time and in eliminating arithmetic errors in the scoring calculations. The scanner technique produces two reports, one for each eye, within 4 min of the patient completing the test. This compares with the 60 min required by the conventional manual reporting system. In addition, it also gives a statistical analysis of the results in accordance with Verriest norms. The program is very versatile and user friendly, achieving a standard not present in the other FM 100-hue computerised systems currently available. As a consequence it makes this valuable diagnostic test much more accessible to patients and clinicians.

Adult↗