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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Further characterization of auxin-regulated mRNAs in hypocotyl sections of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: sequence homology to genes for fatty-acid desaturases and atypical late-embryogenesis-abundant protein, and the mode of expression of the mRNAs.

The amino-acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of an auxin-regulated gene, ARG1, isolated from auxin-treated sections of mung-bean hypocotyls (Yamamoto et al. 1992, Plant Cell Physiol. 33, 13-20), is 69% identical to that of a delta 15 fatty-acid desaturase from Brassica napus L. that is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. The ARG1 message is present at high levels in the hook portion of the hypocotyl, the plumule and the root tip of 3-d-old etiolated seedlings. The amino-acid sequence encoded by another auxin-regulated gene, ARG2, is 39% identical to that of an atypical late-embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) protein of cotton, LEA5-A. The ARG2 message is localized in the upper part of hypocotyls. Its abundance increases upon treatment of hypocotyl sections with fusicoccin, as well as with auxin. Determination of the distribution and kinetics of induction of mRNAs transcribed from the five auxin-regulated genes of mung bean, which include Aux22s and SAUR as well as ARG1 and ARG2, shows that they are heterogeneous in their mode of gene expression. The physiological implications of the homology between the two auxin-regulated genes and the genes for previously identified proteins are discussed in the context of auxin-induced elongation of the hypocotyl.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Effect of thermal treatments on the chemical and biological value of irradiated and non-irradiated cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) flour.

Chemical and nutritional characteristics of irradiated and nonirradiated cowpea bean at 0.2 kGy submitted to several thermal treatments were studied. The cowpea bean flours irradiated at 0.2 kGy were superior to those non-irradiated concerning digestibility and the flours submitted to microwave oven were superior to those cooked under low pressure, autoclaved or even raw from the nutritional point of view. As to the presence of anti-nutritional factors, the results showed that the variety of cowpea bean under research presented neither trypsin inhibitor nor haemagglutinin activity, however, regarding tannin, a 0.006% content was found and considered negligible.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Supplementation of irradiated and non-irradiated cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) protein with cereal proteins. Supplementation of soup with a protein blend of appropriate nutritional value.

The quality of the cowpea bean protein was improved through supplementations with flours from beans exposed to microwave oven treated with cereal proteins such as wheat, rice, corn, and sorghum. Biological assays results with these blends showed that the casein exceeded the other diets concerning digestibility only; however, in parameters such as biological value, net protein utilization (NPU), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and nutritional efficiency ratio (NER), no significant differences occurred. Among all elaborated blends, the one with irradiated beans submitted to microwave oven for 30 minutes (65%) + rice (35%) presented the best results. The soup elaborated with the best supplemented blend was satisfactory concerning color, odor, flavor and texture.

Amino Acids, Sulfur↗
PubMed1995

Chemical and biological characteristics of a west African weaning food supplemented with compea (Vigna unguiculata).

The effects of cowpea and amino acid supplementation on the protein quality and chemical characteristics of a maize-based West African traditional weaning food were studied. Process optimization for improved nutritive value was also determined. Supplementation of the traditional weaning food with cowpea increased the lysine, tryptophan and threonine content while the sulphur-amino acids decreased with increasing levels of cowpea. Further supplementation of 70:30 maize/cowpea blends with lysine, threonine or methionine did not significantly improve (p > 0.05) protein quality in terms of the biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU), although significant increases in the protein scores were noted. However, considerable improvements in the BV and NPU were recorded in blends fortified with either tryptophan alone or a combination of lysine, tryptophan, methionine and threonine. Cooking whole cowpea seeds for 45 min before incorporating in the blend formulation also significantly improved (p < 0.05) the protein quality of maize/cowpea blends. The BV and NPU of blends containing 30% pre-cooked cowpea increased from 52 to 76% and 50 to 71% respectively compared to pure maize porridge. The protein content increased from 10 to 14% and the utilizable proteins more than doubled. The weight increase of experimental rats fed with these blends was comparable to that of rats on casein diet. A 30% supplementation of the maize-based weaning food with cowpea therefore greatly enhances the nutritive value especially when the cowpea is pre-cooked for 45 min. Use of chemical scores alone for such blends cannot be a reliable index of blend quality.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1988

Gamma-rays and EMS induced pentaphyllous mutant in black gram (Vigna mungo).

Pentaphyllous mutants in black gram were isolated in M2 generation of a segregating family, irradiated at 20 kR. The genetic nature of mutants was tested by hybridizing with controls, and chi-square tests applied to the F2 population, proved it to be a monogenic recessive. The pentaphyllous mutant had a greater number of pods and leaves per plant and larger and more root nodules. It also showed improved nutritional value with increased seed protein percentage and no increase in TIA (trypsin inhibitor activity).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Amino acid composition protein quality and water-soluble vitamin content of germinated cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata).

Amino acid composition, protein digestibility, calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER and DC-PER), chemical scores and water-soluble vitamin content of cowpea seeds germinated at 25 degrees C or 30 degrees C for 24 h were determined. Also, the effect of processing steps (heated-air drying, decortication and cooking) on these parameters were examined. Germination had little effect on amino acid profile of cowpeas. In vitro protein digestibility was not improved significantly by germination nor by decortication but was improved by cooking. C-PER and DC-PER ranged from 1.95 to 2.21 and from 1.63 to 1.82, respectively. DC-PER compared well with reported rat PER of cowpea products and seemed more sensitive than C-PER. Based on whole egg values, chemical scores ranged from 37.7 to 45.8% (mean +/- SD; 42.2 +/- 2.4%). Germination increased the contents of niacin, thiamin and riboflavin significantly. Decortication resulted in up to 30% loss in niacin while thiamin content was reduced 41% by cooking.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Influence of black gram (Vigna mungo) trypsin inhibitory fraction on the hepatic protein catabolism in male albino mice.

The effect of black gram and black gram trypsin inhibitor on the protein catabolism of male albino mice has been investigated. Group 1 was given autoclaved black gram (control), Group II raw black gram and Group III the autoclaved black gram incorporated with 1% black gram trypsin inhibitor. Blood as well as urinary urea and creatine were found to be elevated in Groups II and III. Increased levels of arginase, ornithine transcarbamylase and transaminases were noted in Groups II and III. The results suggested an enhanced catabolism of proteins evoked by the native black gram trypsin inhibitor.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional assessment of seed proteins in rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thumb.) Ohwi and Ohashi].

Seeds of three rice bean accessions had 17.26 to 21.42% protein, 3.46 to 4.03% fat, 61.09 to 64.73% carbohydrates 3.99 to 4.58% ash and 5.22 to 7.43% fiber (dry weight basis). The most limiting amino acids in the seed meal, albumin and globulin fractions, were methionine and cysteine with chemical scores of these fractions being 38% to 59%. The amino acid pattern of globulin and seed meal were similar. The in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) ranged from 82 to 86% for the seed meal, 86 to 88.5% for the albumin and 75.9 to 83.3% for the globulin. Relative nutritive values (RNV) of raw mature seed of two accessions were 22.6% and 42.4% and increased to 55.6% to 79.4% after boiling and roasting.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1996

Aflatoxin formation and varietal difference of cow pea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars.

Different cultivars of cow pea and garden pea seeds were surveyed for susceptibility or resistance towards the toxigenic and aflatoxin-producing mould (Aspergillus flavus IMI 102135). The results show that aflatoxin production varied among the different cultivars of both cow pea and garden pea. Morphological and histological characters of the different cultivars tested did not show any relation between colour, shape and size of seeds and the amount of aflatoxin produced. The chemical analysis of the different constituents obtained from both seed coats and seed kernels with susceptible, partially resistant and resistant cow pea and garden pea cultivars revealed that the resistant cultivars of cow pea (namely: Balady cultivar) and garden pea (namely: Melting Sugar cultivar) contained lower levels of sodium and higher levels of phosphate and potassium.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed2001

Subcellular organization of N2-fixing nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) supplied with silicon.

Provision of silicon (0, 0.048, 0.096, 0.24, 0.48, and 0.96 g/l) in the form of silicic acid (H4SiO4) to nodulated cowpea plants (Vignia unguiculata [L.] Walp.) grown in liquid culture resulted in considerable changes in the internal organization of nodule structure. Compared to the control plants which received no added silicate, bacteroid numbers increased significantly (P < or = 0.05) at silicate concentrations of both 0.096 and 0.48 g/l. The number of symbiosomes also increased by 3.2-fold at the silicate concentration of 0.96 g/l compared to the control. In contrast, the size of bacteroids and symbiosomes decreased significantly (P < 0.05) inside nodules of silicate-treated plants. The peribacteroid space was also decreased considerably (P < 0.05) with the application of 0.096 and 0.96 g of silicate per liter to plants. However, the size of intercellular spaces adjacent to infected and uninfected interstitial cells within the nodule medulla increased significantly (P < or = 0.05) at 0.096 g of silicate per liter followed by a sharply marked (P < or = 0.05) decrease with each subsequent increase in silicate application. The result was a large decrease (P < 0.05) in the area of bacteria-infected tissue occupied by intercellular space at the highest silicate concentration, which was caused by a significant (P < or = 0.05) increase in cell wall thickness. Our findings show that the positive effects of silicon on N2 fixation might actually be due to an increased number of bacteroids and symbiosomes.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed2004

The development of SSR markers by a new method in plants and their application to gene flow studies in azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi].

To gain a better understanding of wild and weedy azuki population structures in relation to the cultigens we have developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on a new methodology for plant material. In the azuki bean genome, the number of (AG)(n) and (AC)(n) motif loci per haploid genome has been estimated to be 3,500 and 2,100, respectively, indicating that (AG)(n) motifs are a rich source of markers. We constructed a (AG)(n)-SSR-enriched library in azuki bean in order to obtain a comprehensive range of SSR markers efficiently. The method applied in this study resulted in a 116-fold enrichment over the non-enriched genomic library, with a high percentage (98%) of successful single-locus amplification by the primer pairs designed. Consequently, this method can be applied to construct SSR-enriched libraries suitable for large-scale sequencing. We obtained 255 unique sequences from an (AG)(n)-enriched library for azuki bean. Fifty primer pairs were designed and screened against five populations of wild azuki bean. Among these five populations, one population from Bato town, Tochigi prefecture, Japan, showed greater polymorphism using these primers than the others and was therefore chosen for the in-depth study. The genotypes of 20 individuals were investigated using eight of the SSR primers developed. The genetic relationships among individuals revealed a complex spatial pattern of population structure. Although azuki bean is considered to be a predominantly self-pollinating species, 3 of the 20 individuals tested in the population showed heterozygous genotypes, indicating outcrossing. Allele size and DNA sequence in each of the 20 individuals were compared with those of landraces and released cultivars of azuki bean. Plants in part of the population had many alleles of the same size and with the same sequence as those in cultivated azuki bean, suggesting that gene flow from the cultigen to wild plants has occurred in this population. Unintentional transgene escape from azuki could therefore occur when transgenic azuki is grown in areas where its wild and weedy relatives occur. The approach used here could be applied to biosafety monitoring of transgenic azuki bean.

Alleles↗