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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Occupational morbidity due to the effects of vibration and noise in leading USSR industries and main objectives of its prevention].

The article presents data on the prevalence and dynamics of noise and vibration related occupational morbidity in different regions of the USSR, branches of industry and professional groups. Diseases caused by noise and vibration present major and ever growing occupational pathology in the Soviet Union. Particularly high morbidity rates were traced in the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Lithuania, primarily in coal mining, metallurgy, machinery construction branches of industry, and, as to occupational hypoacusis,--in metallurgy, some branches of machinery construction, automobile construction and light industry. Vibration related risk factors were revealed in such professional groups as choppers, emery polishers, tool sharpeners, loggers, drill operators; noise related risk factors--in blacksmith's works, weaving and some others. Certain decrease in occupational morbidity rate was registered before 1985 with a tendency to increase in the last 4-5 years. Prevention of vibration and noise related morbidity should include complex measures, modernization of industrial sites and health services improvement.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[The main characteristics of outbreaks of hospital infections in the USSR in 1986-1988].

The analysis of 69 outbreaks of hospital infections in different regions of the USSR in 1986-1989 (the number of patients affected by these infections was 1,517) showed that most of these outbreaks (41) occurred at hospital wards for newborn infants. Acute enteric infections prevailed in the total structure of the outbreaks (73.7%). Purulent septic infections among newborns constituted a quarter of all outbreaks. Opportunistic microbes, and mainly Klebsiella, were the dominating element in the etiology of outbreaks in hospital wards for newborn infants. In pediatric wards in among adult hospital patients the etiology of outbreaks was completely, or almost completely, determined by pathogenic microorganisms, mainly salmonellae and shigellae. Outbreaks among hospital patients of three above-mentioned groups were characterized by differences in sources, routes and factors of the transmission of infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Results of an investigation on abuses in psychiatry in the USSR].

The authors present information on the work of a delegation of psychiatrists and lawyers from the USA in the Soviet Union which was accomplished at the beginning of 1989. The delegation examined a group of 27 political dissidents who were formerly (12) or at the time of the investigation (15) in psychiatric asylums either after trials or they were forcibly hospitalized because they were a "social threat" to society. Data are presented on differences in the diagnosis, sometimes inadequate treatment and on forensic practice in the USSR. The delegation investigated also the position in selected special and general psychiatric hospitals. Finally it proposed solutions for the assessed shortcomings. There is also a brief account of the view of the Soviet party on the conclusions of the report submitted by the American delegation.

Communism↗
PubMed1990

[The characteristics of the biological properties of Shigella dysenteriae 1 circulating in the USSR and India: its biochemical activity and agglutinability].

The properties of 71 S. dysenteriae 1 strains isolated from patients in the USSR and India in 1986-1988 were studied. The cultures possessed typical biochemical and serological properties. As revealed in this investigation, high fastidiousness of this infective agent to the quality of synthetic nutrient could become the cause of false negative reactions in different substrates used for the identification of enterobacteria, thus leading to diagnostic mistakes. The variability of the biochemical activity of different strains with respect to arginine, glycerol, maltose and trehalose (as well as the stability of these signs) was regarded as the theoretical substantiation of the possibility, in principle, to work out the scheme for the subdivision of S. dysenteriae 1 into independent biochemical variants.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1990

[Experience in hemoconcentration by ultrafiltration in operations using artificial circulation at the All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences].

The article deals with the results of using ultrafiltration hemoconcentration in 649 operations conducted on the open heart with extracorporeal circulation at the All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery, USSR AMS during 1983-1989. The method allows control of hemodilution and colloid-osmotic pressure of plasma during the indicated interventions, lessens the loss of blood, and reduces the expenditure of donor blood.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The current situation with strongyloidiasis in the USSR].

The literary data available and our own observations served the basis for characterization on strongyloidiasis distribution areas in the USSR. They embrace the Caucasus, Middle Asia, the European part of the country up to latitude 55-56 degrees north in the Maritime Territory and the southern part of the Khabarovsk Territory. Intensive invasion foci in specialized hostel-type institutions, invasion importation from the tropics to moderate climatic zones and their role in the epidemic process are discussed.

Climate↗
PubMed1990

[Infectious disease mortality in the USSR].

In recent decades infectious and parasitic diseases (class 1 according to the International Classification of Diseases-9) constitute 2-3% of causes in the total morbidity structures in the USSR. The main causes of death among diseases of class 1 are tuberculosis (37%), acute enteric infections (30%), septicemia (11%), viral hepatitides (11%), meningococcal infection (4%), measles (2%). The main groups are children aged up to 2 years (48% of fatal cases of diseases belonging to class 1). The territorial irregularity of mortality indices has been revealed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The geographical spread of enterovirus uveitis in the USSR].

Enteroviral uveitis is accompanied by intensive and long-term production of specific neutralizing antibodies. The antibody titer to the causative virus ECHO 19/K (Siberia, Krasnoyarsk, 1980-1981) was 1:1000-1:65,000 in 80% of children 5 to 6 1/2 years after the illness. In retrospective examinations of blood sera from children with the history of uveitis using a neutralization test with ophthalmotropic strains of ECHO 19 and ECHO 11 viruses, the ECHO-virus etiology of this disease was first established in 80 patients living in the European part of the country (Moscow, Leningrad, Volgograd, Krasnodar, Donetsk, etc) and in the Caucasus (Yerevan, Tbilisi, Baku). The epidemic process in uveitis is associated with the emergence and alternation of antigenic ECHO virus variants. Both in the Asian and European USSR the causative agent of uveitis in 1979-1983 was ECHO 19/K, in 1980-1987 ECHO 11/A, and in 1986-1989 ECHO 11/B virus. In 1979-1989, altogether over 800 cases of uveitis in children caused by ophthalmotropic variants of ECHO 19 and ECHO 11 viruses were detected in the Soviet Union.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

[Distribution of C subtypes and other Tf variants in populations of the USSR].

Serum samples from seventeen Caucasoids and Mongoloid populations of the USSR were tested for transferrin (Tf) subtypes. According to Tf patterns, the Caucasoids groups had high TfC1 frequency, whereas Mongoloids are characterized by increased frequency of TfC2 suballele. The following gene frequencies were observed: TfC1 - 0.8515, TfC2 - 0.1166, TfC3 - 0.0129, TfD - 0.0129, TfB - 0.0065 for Russians of Yegoryevsk town; TfC1 - 0.8663, TfC2 - 0.0930, TfC3 - 0.0233 for West-Pamirian populations of Khuf, those being for Pastkhuf 0.8476, 0.1159 and 0.0244, respectively. Mongoloid populations demonstrate following frequencies of five genes described (in the order shown above): 0.7870, 0.1620, 0.0232, 0.0139 for Kirghizes of East Pamir; 0.7963, 0.1805, 0.0050, 0.0182 for Buriats of Suduntui; 0.7647, 0.1985, 0.0074, 0.0221, 0.0037 and 0.0037 (gene TfDX) for Buriats of Sakhiurta, the frequencies of these genes being 0.7647, 0.1985, 0.0074, 0.021, 0.0037 and 0.0037 for Aginsky national district, Chita Region. The total sample of Buriats of Gakhan cluster (Ust-Ordyn national district) and Olkhon island of Irkutsk Region demonstrates following frequencies of genes (in the same order): 0.7876, 0.1962, 0.0012, 0.0057, 0.0082 and 0.7679 and 0.2321, respectively. In addition, a rare anodal variant designated tentatively TfC12Like was found among Pamir populations. The results obtained are compared with those reported for world populations.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The isoenzyme identification and pathogenic characteristics of the Leishmania isolated in natural foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the USSR].

By 8-11 enzymes, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 378 isolates from R. opimus, 3 isolates from M. libycus, 4 isolates from P. andrejevi, 1 isolate from P. papatasi, 1 isolate from S. murgabiensis and 25 isolates from human patients with skin leishmaniasis have been identified. Using starch gel electrophoresis, 17 strains from R. opimus and 3 strains from patients have been additionally identified by 12 enzymes. All the isolates were tested for ability to cause leishmaniasis disturbances in golden hamsters intracutaneously injected into the ear. It is established that L. major is a polytypic group which on the territory of the USSR consists of 3 independent species: L. major (in a narrower sense), L. gerbilli and L. sp. nov, a new earlier unknown species. All three types of Leishmania are specific parasites of R. opimus and only L. major may affect man and M. libycus. 3 types of Leishmania may coexist in the body of one animal. In R. opimus and golden hamsters, all of them caused only skin damages, visceralization was never registered. In golden hamsters, L. major always caused progressing ulcers, while L. sp. nov. and L. gerbilli caused only infiltrative damages. Only 9 (3%) of 268 L. sp. nov. isolates caused ulcers developing similar to those caused by L. major in the experimental animals. The data obtained account for the local nature and seasonal regularities of the epidemic process in the natural foci of skin leishmaniasis by the changing proportion of L. major in the complex of Leishmania encountered in R. opimus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Approaches to predicting the diphyllobothriasis and opisthorchiasis situation in connection with the reconstruction of the water supply economy in the USSR].

The effect of some physical-geographical and anthropogenic factors on the circulation of Diphyllobothriidae and Opisthorchis at the hydrotechnical objects of various regions of the USSR is analysed. It is emphasized that these factors affect primarily the first intermediate hosts of parasites. In opisthorchiasis changes in the intensity of the epidemic process may take place within the limits of mollusca distribution area. In diphyllobothriasis, the area of distribution may be expanded and new foci may be formed with the changes in the river hydroregimen.

Diphyllobothriasis↗
PubMed1990

The USSR's new alcohol policy.

Alcoholism, long a major health and social problem in the USSR, came under renewed and determined attack in 1985. Already significant gains have been made, but there are also signs that the problem may to some extent have been driven underground.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The spread of rhinoviruses in the Soviet Union (USSR) and in Czechoslovakia (CSSR) and the role of their pathology.

Virological, serological and immunofluorescence studies revealed circulation of rhinoviruses of the strains 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16-23, 27, 29-33, 42, 48, 53, 56, 60 and 69 on the territory of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. According to virological results, type 48 predominated and was followed in frequency of occurrence by types 27, 14 and 16 in the USSR and 30, 1A and 31 in the CSSR. RV infection in adults with ARD diseases was the aetiology in 28.5% of cases. Among the causative agents of acute rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and otitis, rhinovirus infection makes up a large proportion. Interrelation has been found between rhinovirus infection and chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the nose, the accessory sinuses and the ears. Prolonged course of rhinovirus infection and isolation of the virus in the late stages of disease (1-4 months after its onset) support the presumption that rhinoviruses promote chronicity of inflammation. RV was isolated from patients with chronic pneumonia from the lower respiratory passages (bronchial secretion). Rhinoviraemia was found in a child who died of ARD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of environmental factors on the lung cancer morbidity of the population of large cities in the USSR].

Results of the epidemiological study concerning the influence of the air pollution and smoking on the lung cancer incidence in population from 26 cities of the USSR are presented. The analysis of data has shown that smoking and air pollution correlate with the lung cancer incidence. The correlation between air pollution and lung cancer incidence is more significant for men than for women since men have additional professional exposure and smoking habit is more typical of them.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The statistics on malignant neoplasms of the urinary and male genital organs in 1987 in the USSR].

The USSR statistics on malignant neoplastic diseases of the urinary system and male sexual organs which comprised 5.7 per cent in the total mortality was presented for the first time. More than a 50 per cent increment in the death rate from these tumors was documented between 1975 and 1987. Annually, prostatic carcinoma is diagnosed in almost 10 thousand patients and cancer of the urinary bladder in 15 thousand patients. Maximal prevalence of the disease has been recorded in the Baltic republics, the Ukraine and Byelorussia. The detection rate of the aforementioned diseases, Stages I-II, is about 40 per cent. The estimate revealed that the total number of the registered oncological patients was 100 thousand persons. The problems in organization of the oncological care system, material and technical supplies and professional training should be considered.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Radiation dosage exposure of the population of the USSR from x-ray diagnosis and means for its reduction].

The paper is concerned with main values of dose exposure of the USSR population as a result of medical roentgenological investigations. The authors issue practical organizational-methodological recommendations for irradiation reduction resulting from giving up chest x-ray, a decrease in prophylactic fluorography, improvement of technical facilities for investigations of the digestive tract, and organization of roentgenoradiological departments as independent health service units.

Humans↗