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PubMed2004

[Spectrum diagnostic of arcjet].

Arcjet is a kind of propulsion device for mechanical operation and control of spacecraft. As its specific impulse is far greater than classical device using chemical propellant, arcjet is playing an increasing role in spacecraft propulsion. To improve our understanding of its working mechanics, the diagnostic method of arcjet is discussed and a set of spectrum diagnostic system is established in this paper. With this system, spectrum diagnostic was executed for Ar propellant at a setting value of flow rate and input current in a vacuum chamber. The result shows that the system has a high signal-to-noise ratio and the data collected can reflect the physical process objectively. Through transaction and analysis of these data, radial distribution of emission coefficient was obtained for different spectral lines, and radial distribution of temperature was also obtained through farther analysis of the emission coefficient. The result shows that under the experiment conditions of this paper, arcjet is in thermodynamic non-equilibrium state, therefore the temperatures obtained by different spectral lines are different.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2005

[Isometric muscle strength measurements and assessment: a pilot study].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the anthropometric parameters and the isometric muscle strength in a working population sample in China, and to investigate the relationship between muscle strength and individual attributes, such as age, gender, height and weight. METHODS: The study population consisted of 146 male and 47 female people including workers, administrators and college students. Four types of muscle strength, i.e., handgrip, arm lift, shoulder lift, and torso pull, were measured. RESULTS: Left handgrip, right handgrip, arm lift, shoulder lift and torso pull of male workers were (42.07 +/- 7.20), (43.92 +/- 7.14), (26.79 +/- 4.64), (33.79 +/- 6.88), (88.56 +/- 17.98) kg, respectively while those of female workers were (21.29 +/- 5.09), (23.26 +/- 5.47), (13.29 +/- 3.37), (18.52 +/- 4.01), (41.06 +/- 12.04) kg, respectively. The female's strength was about 50% lower than the male's. The strength in the 40 approximately years old group was higher than that in other age groups. There were significant positive correlation between the gender and the isometric strength as well as between the body weight and the isometric strength. If the body weight served as the corrected parameter, there was no significant difference in the handgrip among the groups (P < 0.05), but the torso pull of male workers > college students > administrators. All relative muscle strengths except the torso pull were similar for all age groups. CONCLUSION: The body weight as the independent variable can be used for establishing the predictive equation of the muscle strength. Calculation of the relative muscle strength can relieve the interference of the body weight for the muscle strength.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Family therapy: using a transactional approach.

The family can be viewed as a natural group which includes a mutual influence phenomenon. Intervention follows relationship building and assessment and is geared towards helping the family members challenge and change dysfunctional coding, decoding and structural transactions which inhibit the family group from meeting its idividual psychological needs.

Family Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[Interactions of the infant with its partners: evaluation of preventive and therapeutic approaches].

Interactions between the infant and its partners are defined and described on three levels: behavior, affect, fantasy, with a special focus on the functioning of the infant. The dynamics of the parent/infant relationships are analyzed along transactional theories: the infant and its partners influence each other in a constant process of developing and changing. Together with acknowledging the baby's active role in the relation, we seek better understanding of how the infant shapes up throughout transactions. Different assessment methods of the interactions are analyzed both within a clinical framework and a research framework, and examples of assessment format are given. The transactional perspective in clinical practice with the infant introduces a new model for understanding the pathogenesis of relational disturbances. It appears necessary to conceptualize a specific nosology of interactive pathology, beyond the reference to parental or infant pathology; we thus propose a classification of interactive disturbances by integrating the three levels (behavior, affect, fantasy). The aim of this investigation of interactions, based on an attempt to synthetize anglo-saxon and european research in the field, is to outline a new perspective in clinical concepts and practice which is not solely focused on the description of behaviors in infant interactions with its partners. This viewpoint, resolutely psychopathological in its orientation, implies an empathic approach which leads to important therapeutic changes and legitimizes early preventive interventions.

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mediators of daily stress and perceived health status in adolescent girls.

A causal model based on the transactional cognitive theory of psychological stress and coping was tested in a middle adolescent female population to determine the effects of daily stress, introspectiveness, and coping efforts on perceived health status. Daily stress was hypothesized to affect perceived health status both directly and through the mediating variables of introspectiveness and coping efforts. A sample of 159 female adolescents completed the Hassles Scale, the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised, the Introspectiveness Scale for Adolescents and the General Health Rating Index. The causal model was tested using the LISREL VI program. Findings indicated that the model fit the data, indicating a plausible representation of the relationships among the variables identified (x2 = 15.76, df = 12, p less than .203). Daily stress was significantly negatively related to perceived health status through the mediating variables of introspection and problem-focused coping but not emotion-focused coping. Introspectiveness had a significant direct effect on perceived health status. Problem-focused coping was found to have a direct positive effect on perceived health status.

Adaptation, Psychological↗