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PubMed1995

Growth regulation of endothelial cells by tissue fragments: analysis on mechanism of rapid endothelialization of tissue-seeded vascular prosthesis in a three-dimensional culture system.

Rapid endothelialization of the inner surface was reported in an autologous tissue-seeded vascular prosthesis. We applied a three-dimensional in vitro culture system to elucidate the precise mechanism of rapid endothelial coverage of a tissue-seeded vascular prosthesis. Human venous, omental, adipose and striated muscle tissue fragments were harvested from surgical specimens. They were embedded in collagen gel, and 2.0 x 10(5) bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were seeded on the gel. The number of BAECs was counted on Days 2 and 7. Growth rate of BAECs was facilitated on the collagen gel with omental and striated muscle tissue fragments (p < 0.05). Factor VIII-negative spindle cells migrated around tissue fragments, especially around the omental and striated muscle tissue fragments. Rapid endothelialization of a tissue-seeded vascular prosthesis may result from facilitation of EC proliferation by viable tissue fragments and migrated cells. These results confirm tissue fragments regulate EC growth, and are useful as bioengineering tools.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Mandibular setback osteotomy: facial soft tissue behavior and possibility to improve the accuracy of the soft tissue profile prediction with the use of a computerized cephalometric program: Quick Ceph Image Pro: v. 2.5.

OBJECTIVES: In part I, to derive ratios of soft to hard tissue profile changes after mandibular setback surgery and to report postoperative changes in soft tissue thickness at the lip and chin areas and, furthermore, to test the hypothesis that soft tissue thickness can act as one of the predictors of soft tissue response after surgery. In part II, to compare the predicted profile lines, using either the customized or the pre-programmed ratios, with the actual postsurgical outcomes. DESIGN: A retrospective study with the sample divided into two groups for different purposes. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Department of Orthodontics and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Göteborg University, Sweden. Forty-one Caucasian subjects in need of mandibular setback surgery only. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Hard and soft tissue movements and changes in soft tissue thickness after surgery were calculated using a customized analysis. Comparisons of the predicted profile outcomes with the actual postsurgical outcomes were carried out with another customized analysis. OUTCOME MEASURE: Distance measurements of certain landmarks in relation to constructed reference lines, both in horizontal and vertical planes, were calculated. RESULTS: The upper lip thickness decreased and the lower lip thickness increased after surgery. The hypothesis that the soft tissue thickness at the lip and chin areas could act as predictors of the ratios of soft to hard tissue changes after surgery, was not supported. Ratios for the lower lip of about 83% of the horizontal and 14% of the vertical movement of the PM point on the bony chin were found in Part I. In Part II, these ratios were introduced and the predicted profile moved significantly closer to the actual postsurgical outcome than if using the pre-programmed ratios (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Being able to customize the ratios of soft to hard tissue changes after a particular type of orthognathic surgery will enhance the accuracy of a patient's predicted profile outcome. These ratios should be pre-programmed in future versions of the software.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Characterization of tissue outgrowth developed in vitro in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: involvement of T cells in the development of tissue outgrowth.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze cellular and cytokine interactions governing the development of synovial tissue outgrowth in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: A single-cell suspension of dissociated synovial tissues of RA patients was cultured for a long period to develop tissue outgrowth. The resulting tissue outgrowth was characterized by immunohistochemical staining and ELISA. RESULTS: The tissue outgrowth developed in vitro included various cell types, such as macrophage-like synovial cells, fibroblast-like synovial cells and lymphocytes. Even after prolonged cultivation, synovial cells devoid of infiltrating T lymphocytes did not form tissue outgrowth. The outgrowth contained CD3+ cells, LeuM3 (CD14)+ cells and HLA-DR+ cells. The T cells expressed lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and CD2, and the synovial cells expressed intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and LFA-3, suggesting possible interactions via LFA-1/ICAM-1 and CD2/LFA-3. Production of T-cell derived IFN-gamma and IL-17 and synovial-cell-derived fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 and IL-15 was confirmed in the tissue outgrowth as well as in RA synovial tissue. These cell types stimulate each other by secreting cytokines, leading to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 by the tissue outgrowth and proliferation of both lymphocytes and synovial cells. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of cellular interactions between T cells and synovial cells, via adhesion molecules and the secretion of cytokines with stimulatory activity towards other cell types, for the hyperactivity of RA synovial cells.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Venous reconstruction using hybrid vascular tissue composed of vascular cells and collagen: tissue regeneration process.

In this study, a tubular hybrid vascular tissue composed of vascular cells and collagen was implanted as a venous substitute, and its remodeling process was histologically investigated. First, a hybrid medial tissue was prepared by pouring a cold mixed solution of canine jugular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and Type I collagen into a tubular glass mold and subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C. Culture in medium for 10 days produced a dense tubular tissue. Seeding of jugular endothelial cells (ECs) onto the luminal surface of the tissue produced a hybrid vascular tissue with a hierarchical structure. These vascular tissues (inner diameter, 7 mm; length, 3 cm; wall thickness, 1 mm; n = 14) were implanted autologously in the canine posterior vena cava wrapped in Dacron mesh for up to 24 wk. Nine of 14 grafts were patent throughout implantation. In patent grafts, monolayered ECs were oriented in the direction of blood flow at 1 wk. Circumferentially oriented SMCs accumulated at the subendothelial layer and ingrown fibroblasts were sparsely distributed throughout the wall at 12 wk. Contractile phenotype of SMCs was evident at 24 wk. Collagen fibrils, which were sparsely distributed at an early period of implantation, gradually assembled to form fibrous meshes at 24 wk. Sheet-like elastic lamellae were also observed at this time. Marked wall thinning was observed at 12 and 24 wk. The resultant tissues became highly dense. The specific gravity of tissues increased with time, and reached those of natural vessels at 24 wk. Tissue remodeling progressed in a time-dependent manner and appeared to be almost complete within 6 mo of implantation.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed2003

Evaluation of five DNA extraction methods for purification of DNA from atherosclerotic tissue and estimation of prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in tissue from a Danish population undergoing vascular repair.

BACKGROUND: To date PCR detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in atherosclerotic lesions from Danish patients has been unsuccessful. To establish whether non-detection was caused by a suboptimal DNA extraction method, we tested five different DNA extraction methods for purification of DNA from atherosclerotic tissue. RESULTS: The five different DNA extraction methods were tested on homogenate of atherosclerotic tissue spiked with C. pneumoniae DNA or EB, on pure C. pneumoniae DNA samples and on whole C. pneumoniae EB. Recovery of DNA was measured with a C. pneumoniae-specific quantitative real-time PCR. A DNA extraction method based on DNA-binding to spin columns with a silica-gel membrane (DNeasy Tissue kit) showed the highest recovery rate for the tissue samples and pure DNA samples. However, an automated extraction method based on magnetic glass particles (MagNA Pure) performed best on intact EB and atherosclerotic tissue spiked with EB. The DNeasy Tissue kit and MagNA Pure methods and the highly sensitive real-time PCR were subsequently used on 78 atherosclerotic tissue samples from Danish patients undergoing vascular repair. None of the samples were positive for C. pneumoniae DNA. The atherosclerotic samples were tested for inhibition by spiking with two different, known amounts of C. pneumoniae DNA and no samples showed inhibition. CONCLUSION: As a highly sensitive PCR method and an optimised DNA extraction method were used, non-detection in atherosclerotic tissue from the Danish population was probably not caused by use of inappropriate methods. However, more samples may need to be analysed per patient to be completely certain on this. Possible methodological and epidemiological reasons for non-detection of C. pneumoniae DNA in atherosclerotic tissue from the Danish population are discussed. Further testing of DNA extraction methods is needed as this study has shown considerable intra- and inter-method variation in DNA recovery.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMed1990

Simple non-invasive early detection and localization of specific cancer tissues of internal organs and differentiation of cancer tissue from surrounding areas infected by cancer related viruses, as well as evaluation of their micro-circulatory condition & drug uptake using the BI-Digital O-Ring Test.

In 1984, the author first developed a simple, quick, non-invasive, economical method of detecting cancer in specific internal organs, using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT), with a microscope slide of specific cancer of a specific internal organ as a reference control substance. The detection rate for cancer screening was much greater than with any standard diagnostic tests. When imaging was performed using the BDORT, the area of positive response to the cancer positive slide was often much greater than the actual size of the cancer itself. This was due to the fact that most of the cancer tissue of the lungs or digestive system contained viruses such as HTLV-3 (often found in adenocarcinoma of the lung, stomach, head of pancreas, and colon) or HTLV-1 (often found in small-cell carcinoma of the lung and certain types of leukemia). The extent of the virus positive area was often far greater than that of the cancer tissue itself and was distributed in a much greater area surrounding the cancer. For this reason, the virus alone showed a response which could be mistaken for cancer tissue. The author succeeded in differentiating the exact location of cancer tissue itself from surrounding cancer related virus (with or without other microbes) positive area by using a pair of identical microscope slides with the same cancer tissue. One of the slides was exposed to ultra-violet rays (peak wavelength of 253.7 nm mercury vapor atomic resonance spectral line) for 40 seconds-4 minutes. After this exposure, the BDORT response to the virus (with or without other microbes) associated with the cancer tissue was completely eliminated, while the response to the cancer tissue was maintained. Using an ultraviolet exposed cancer slide, the imaging of the part of the body which responded to this virus-free cancer slide indicated the actual location of the cancer tissue, which was often confirmed by standard X-ray or other imaging methods when the thickness of the tumor was relatively large. These cancers detectable by standard laboratory tests had strikingly weakening response to the BDORT (-3.5 and -4), with ultra-violet exposed cancer slide as well as for antibody of Oncogen C-fos. The smallest size of cancer tissue detected by this method was less than 1mm in diameter in the very early stage of the cancer, which usually cannot be detected by current laboratory tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Continuous-specimen-flow, high-throughput, 1-hour tissue processing. A system for rapid diagnostic tissue preparation.

CONTEXT: Current conventional tissue-processing methods employ fixation of tissues with neutral buffered formalin, dehydration with alcohol, and clearing with xylene before paraffin impregnation. Because the time required for this procedure is usually 8 hours or longer, it is customary to process tissues in automated instruments throughout the night. Although this time-honored method continues to serve histology laboratories well, it has a number of shortcomings, such as a 1-day delay of diagnosis, the need to batch specimens, the relatively large volumes and toxicity of reagents used, and the extent of RNA degradation. OBJECTIVE: To describe a rapid new method of tissue processing using a continuous-throughput technique. Design.-We used a combination of common histologic reagents, excluding formalin and xylene, as well as microwave energy, to develop a rapid processing method. The effect of this method on the quality of histomorphology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and RNA content of processed tissue was compared with that of adjacent tissue sections processed by the conventional processing technique. We also assessed the impact of this rapid processing system on our practice by comparing the turnaround times of surgical pathology reports before and after its implementation. RESULTS: The new processing method permitted preparation of paraffin blocks from fresh or prefixed tissue in about 1 hour. The procedure allowed continuous flow of specimens at 15-minute intervals. It eliminated the use of formalin and xylene in the processing and used considerably lower volumes of other chemical reagents. Histomorphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical results were comparable to the parallel sections prepared by the conventional method. The new technique, however, preserved higher quality RNA. Use of the new methodology led to the diagnosis and reporting of more than one third of surgical pathology specimens on the same day that they were received, as compared to 1% of same-day reporting before the implementation of the rapid processing system. CONCLUSION: The quality of hematoxylin-eosin, histochemical, and immunohistochemical tissue sections provided by the new system is comparable to that obtained following the conventional processing method. The new system preserves RNA better than the conventional method. It also shortens the processing time to about 1 hour from the receipt of fresh or prefixed tissue, eliminates the need for formalin and xylene, and reduces the volume of other chemicals. Most importantly, it impacts overall patient management by allowing for considerably shorter turnaround times for completion of surgical pathology reports.

Female↗

PubMed2002

[Effect of interventional chemothermotherapy on vascular permeability of tumor liver tissue and normal liver tissue in VX-2 tumor-bearing rabbits].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: It was reported that heating could enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapy with Adriamycin and increase the intracellular content of Adriamycin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interventional chemothermotherapy on vascular permeability of tumor liver tissue and normal liver tissue in VX-2 tumor-bearing rabbits. METHODS: Thirty rabbits used as implanted hepatocarcinoma model were randomly divided into 3 groups: non-perfusion group (injected only with 1% Evans blue after catheterization), normothermic perfusion group (the perfusion fluid was 25 degrees C normal solution), and hyperthermic perfusion group(the perfusion fluid was 60 degrees C normal solution). The contents of Evans blue in the tissues of three groups, which were used as the indices of vascular permeability, were calculated by the standard curve and spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The Evans blue contents in tumor liver tissue and normal liver tissue is statistically different (P < 0.05). There was no over difference of the Evans blue contents in two kinds of tissue between normal perfusion group and non-perfusion group. There was overt difference of the Evans blue contents in two kinds of tissue between hyperthermic perfusion group and normothermic perfusion group. CONCLUSION: Interventional chemothermotherapy could increase the vascular permeability of normal liver tissue and tumor liver tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Identifying tissue-enriched gene expression in mouse tissues using the NIH UniGene database.

There is considerable interest in the gene expression profiles that underpin the phenotypes of cells and tissues. We have developed Bioperl scripts for mining the National Institutes of Health (NIH) UniGene databases to identify this tissue-enriched gene expression. UniGene imports expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the NIH dbEST database and clusters them by searching for sequence matches. In principle, each UniGene cluster represents the product(s) of a single transcriptional unit in the genome. This transcriptional unit can be expressed in a range of cell types, and UniGene clusters reflect these heterogeneous origins. UniGene clusters containing ESTs expressed predominantly or uniquely by one tissue will show a high proportion of ESTs from that tissue. Our Bioperl scripts parse the NIH UniGene data files as a starting point for an in-house UniGene database. Each UniGene cluster is then assessed for the total number of ESTs from a specified set of dbEST libraries and the total number of ESTs in the cluster. The ratio of the two gives a measure of enrichment. In this paper, we identify tissue-enriched gene expression in mouse pancreas, mammary gland and heart. Each tissue-enriched expression profile identifies genes that are recognisably characteristic of the respective tissue. It also identifies significant numbers of tissue-enhanced UniGenes that are derived from transcriptional units with no known function. These genes may play important and specialised functions in the tissue in question and offer targets for drug action.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[5-fluorouracil concentration in gastroenterological tumor tissues, in adjacent normal tissues, and in serum after preoperative oral administration of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)].

The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-concentration in resected tumor tissues was compared with that in the adjacent normal tissues or that in serum. Twenty-three patients with cancer of the digestive organs [(carcinoma of the stomach (12), colon (6), gallbladder (1), liver (1), ampulla of Vater (1), bile duct (1) and pancreas (1)] were administered orally 600-1, 200 mg/day of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) for 3 to 5 consecutive preoperative days. The average 5-FU-concentration in tumor tissues of 14 patients with 16 specimens measured 5 hours after final administration of 5'-DFUR was 62 ng/g. This level was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (21 ng/g, p less than 0.01). With 10 out of these 14 patients, the 5-FU-concentration in the serum was also measured. Among these 10 patients, the concentration of 5-FU in tumors (54 ng/g) was significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissues (19 ng/g) and in serum (12 ng/ml). At 6 to 9 hours after final administration, the mean concentration of 5-FU was 33 ng/g (n = 4) in tumor tissues, 30 ng/g (n = 5) in adjacent normal tissues and 24 ng/ml in serum. There was no significant difference among these mean values. For 4 patients whose specimens were taken at 17 to 18 hours after the last 5-FU administration, the mean concentration of 5-FU was 29 ng/g (n = 4) in tumor tissues, 14 ng/g (n = 3) in adjacent normal tissues and 4 ng/ml (n = 2) in serum.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1981

Intercellular messengers in joint tissues in rheumatoid arthritis. How disturbed control mechanisms may contribute to tissue destruction and repair.

Although the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is uncertain, the mechanisms by which destruction of joint tissues may occur have been studied extensively. The inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis are probably mediated by a variety of different agents which include prostaglandins, leukotrienes, kinins and other peptide mediators, complement components, and immune complexes. The ultimate destruction of proteoglycans and collagen within cartilage similarly depend upon the release of the appropriate degradative enzymes. At one time these were thought to be predominantly lysosomal acid proteinases but emphasis has recently shifted to neutral metallo-proteinases which include specific enzymes capable of degrading collagen or proteoglycans at neutral pH. Under normal conditions these proteinases are in latent form due in part to the presence of a tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinases (TIMP). During studies of human joint tissues in culture, it has become apparent that products of one cell type may influence the behaviour of other cells. Thus, monocytes and macrophages may produce mediators, such as interleukins, one of which has been called mononuclear cell factor (MCF), which when added to cultures of human articular chondrocytes or synovial cells, markedly enhances production of prostaglandins and metallo-proteinases while depressing the amount of TIMP. Cultured human synovial tissue produces factors with similar properties, which may in turn be related to mediators such as catabolin, which can be produced by synovium and other connective tissues and which stimulate chondrocytes to degrade their own matrix. The production of these mediators may not only be relevant to rheumatoid arthritis but also to other diseases. Thus, MCF is capable of stimulating prostaglandin production by gingival cells and cells derived from human bone. Moreover MCF is itself capable of inducing bone resorption. Since both normal and diseased tissues are capable of producing and responding to these mediators, these potential degradative interactions must be kept in check in vivo. Glucocorticosteroids may play a role in the natural suppression of these mechanisms, since in vitro they are capable of inhibiting the production of factors as well as their effects on target tissues. Since these factors probably have anabolic activity as well, they may be involved in connective tissue repair after injury. Such intercellular mediators may play important roles in the control of connective tissue turnover, not only in disease states but also in the normal processes of growth and differentiation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1984

[Estrogen biosynthesis in human uterine myoma tissue. The distribution of androstenedione aromatase activity in uterine myoma tissue].

Although it is well known that the development of uterine myoma is influenced by estrogen, the details of its remain unknown. In this study, estrogen biosynthesis (androstenedione aromatase activity) was investigated in the myoma tissue (the central, surface and middle parts of the tumor) and in the myometrial tissue of the same uterus (5 cases). The tissue homogenate (500 mg w. w.) was incubated with [6,7-3H]-androstenedione (100pmol) and NADPH (1.5mg) at 37 degrees C for 1h in air. After stopping the enzyme reaction with ethyl acetate, [4-14C]-estrone and [4-14C]-estradiol-17 beta (10,000dpm, 250 micrograms, respectively) were added to the incubated sample. The sample extracted with ethyl acetate was subjected to Bio-Rad AG1-X2 column, thin layer chromatography and co-crystallization to constant specific activity and 3H/14C ratio. Estrogen formed in the incubated sample was calculated from the 3H/14C ratio of the final crystal. The myoma tissues (14 samples) converted from androstenedione to estrone (36-466 fmol/h/g), while the myometrial tissues of the same uterus did to a lesser extent (22-78 fmol/h/g), while the myometrial tissues of the same uterus did to a lesser extent (22-78 fmol/h/g). Thus, aromatase activity was significantly higher in the myoma tissue rather than in the myometrial tissue of the same uterus. Less estradiol was formed than estrone in both tissues. The distribution of aromatase activity in the tumor was also investigated, and it was found that the enzyme activity tends to become greater away from the center and towards the surface of the tumor. These results suggest that aromatase activity for androgen contributes to the development of uterine myoma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue and serum c-erbB-2 and tissue EGFR in breast carcinoma: three years follow-up.

Amplification of erbB-1 and c-erbB-2 genes has been shown in human breast cancer. Expression of these protooncogenes results in production of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB-2. Both are transmembrane receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Recent data have indicated that the external domain of c-erbB-2 is shed into the culture supernatant of certain breast cancer cell lines and sera of breast cancer patients. A body of literature has shown that the overexpression of these receptors in malignant tissue and c-erbB-2 when shed into serum is associated with bad prognosis. In the present work, tissue EGFR and c-erbB-2 were determined in the membrane fractions of histopathologically verified malignant and normal tissues from the same breast of 94 patients. These values were also determined in 48 tissue specimens of benign mastopathies. Serum c-erbB-2 was quantified in breast cancer patients (n = 105), patients with benign breast disease (n = 48) and 30 apparently healthy women as controls. Patients were followed up by determination of serum c-erbB-2 for one year and clinically for three years to detect any distant metastasis or recurrence. The levels of tissue and serum c-erbB-2 and Estrogen receptors were significantly higher in the carcinomas and sera of breast cancer patients than benign breast diseases or normal controls. Follow-up, although short, of pre-operative serum c-erbB-2 showed a prognostic value (P = 0.007) better than that of tumor size (P = 0.04), EGFR (P = 0.18), nodal involvement (P = 0.25) and tissue c-erbB-2 (P = 0.85). The shedding of soluble fragments of c-erbB-2 into the serum seems to be a characteristic of the potentially malignant cell. The EGFR mean level, however, was significantly lower in malignant tissues than benign and normal ones. A new definition of EGFR status was developed. Accordingly, the recurrence of the disease was more frequent among patients with negative EGFR. The present work did not reveal any correlation between tissue, serum c-erbB-2 or EGFR on one hand and age, menopausal status, stage, histological type and grade of carcinomas and nodal involvement on the other hand. The present work showed an inverse correlation between estrogen receptor level and level of EGFR in malignant tissues.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

In situ hybridization study on tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) mRNA-expressing cells in human inflamed gingival tissue.

This study presents the exact cell types and localization of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) production sites in periodontal diseased gingiva by means of in situ hybridization. Gingival tissue specimens were fixed, embedded and hybridized in situ with specific digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes (386 and 496 bp). TIMP-1 and -2 mRNAs were expressed on macrophages, mononuclear cells, capillary endothelial cells and some fibroblasts throughout the gingival tissue. In periodontitis, TIMP-1 and -2 mRNA-expressing cells showed significantly different localization. TIMP-1 mRNA was broadly observed in the gingival connective tissue while TIMP-2 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the connective tissue adjacent to the pocket epithelium (p < 0.01). Fewer TIMPs mRNA were observed in minimal gingivitis than in periodontitis, especially in the middle zone of gingival tissue. Thus, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA was detected differentially and site-specifically in periodontal diseased gingival tissue.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Quantification of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase in prostatic tissue: analytical aspects.

BACKGROUND: The balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) has been seen as important during tumor invasion and progression. The determination of these components needs a special strategy of tissue preparation. This analytical problem has not been considered for prostatic tissue. METHODS: We adapted an extraction method consisting of two extraction steps with 0.25% Triton X-100/CaCl2 solution and two heat extraction steps at 60 degrees C for 4 min. This combination allowed a complete extraction of MMP (measured as enzyme activity) and TIMP-1 (measured with an ELISA test) from cancerous and normal prostatic tissue samples. RESULTS: The median values for cancerous vs. normal MMPs (50.8 mU/g wet tissue and 1,580 mU/g protein vs. 88.8 and 2,497) and TIMP-1 (4.49 micrograms/g wet tissue and 96.7 micrograms/g protein vs. 12.4 and 237.8) were significantly lower, whereas the respective ratios for MMP/ TIMP-1 (11.1 vs. 4.0 on wet weight and 15.5 vs. 5.3 on protein basis) were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: An optimized extraction procedure was elaborated for determining MMPs and TIMP-1 in prostatic tissue samples. The increased ratio of MMP/TIMP-1 can be interpreted as an indicator of the imbalance between MMP and TIMP, characteristic of prostate carcinoma tissue.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗

PubMed1990

Dermal and subdermal tissue filling with fetal connective tissue and cartilage, collagen, and silicone: experimental study in the pig compared with clinical results. A new technique of dermis mini-autograft injections.

The early reaction to the injection of silicone, collagen, and lyophilized heterologous fetal connective and cartilage tissues into the limiting zone deep dermis-superficial subcutaneous tissue was histologically examined in the pig and compared with clinical results. The inflammatory reaction to lyophilized heterologous fetal tissue is considerably more intense than that to collagen and silicone and lasts for several weeks. Therefore, it is not recommended for soft tissue filling in the face. Admitting an inferior antigenicity of fetal tissues, the authors suggest that enzymatically denaturalized collagen should be manufactured from heterologous fetal connective tissue, to be then further tested. The reaction of tissue to silicone and collagen is minimal. Silicone is preferred for dermal injections since in clinical experience it remains in the site of injection much longer. For subdermal injections, however, collagen is preferred. Based on experience with over 600 patients since 1958, the first author continues using liquid silicone. The lack of complications is probably a result of the fact that only small amounts (milliliters) of silicone were used in wrinkles or small depressions in the dermal layer and that from the beginning injection into the subcutaneous tissue was avoided. Since 1988 a new technique for the treatment of wrinkles and skin depressions with injections of dermal miniautografts has been used with satisfactory results.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

The effect of insulin and noradrenaline on the uptake of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose in vivo by brown adipose tissue and other glucose-utilising tissues of the mouse.

The uptake of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose in vivo by brown adipose tissue was greater than that of brain or heart in control mice on a whole tissue basis. When mice were treated with noradrenaline the rate of uptake of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose by brown adipose tissue was increased 6-fold with the only other change occurring in heart where a 5-fold increase was observed. After administration of insulin the uptake of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose in vivo was increased in heart, brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue and muscle. The amount of 2-[1-14C]deoxyglucose taken up by brown adipose tissue compared to other tissues and the changes in this uptake after administration of noradrenaline or insulin suggest that brown adipose tissue is capable of playing a quantitatively important role in glucose removal from the blood.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1991

Tissue-specific and non-tissue-specific heavy-chain isoforms of myosin in the brain as revealed by monoclonal antibodies.

Four types of monoclonal antibody (BM-1, BM-2, BM-3 and BM-4) each having distinctive tissue specificity were obtained by immunizing mice with purified bovine cerebrum myosin. Both BM-1 and BM-2 reacted most efficiently with cerebrum myosin and less efficiently with myosins from other limited nonmuscle tissues, the tissue specificity of BM-1 being much narrower than that of BM-2. BM-3 reacted more efficiently with several other nonmuscle myosins than with cerebellar or cerebral myosin. BM-4 recognized various nonmuscle and smooth muscle myosins with a nearly equal efficiency. Cerebral myosin as well a cerebellar myosin contained two or more electrophoretic variants of the heavy chains. BM-1 and BM-3 as well as BM-2 and BM-3 were found to recognize selectively these distinct heavy-chain isoforms. The antigenic sites of the three tissue-specific antibodies (BM-1, BM-2 and BM-3) were all localized near the head/tail junction of the myosin molecules, while that of non-tissue-specific antibody BM-4 was near the center of the tail. These and additional results indicate that mammalian brain tissues as well as several other nonmuscle tissues contain multiple heavy-chain isoforms of myosin, the levels of which differed considerably from one tissue to another.

Animals↗