Stemming the tide of thymic aging.
The establishment and replenishment of thymic epithelium and the persistence of epithelial progenitor cells into adult life were discussed at ThymOz-V 2006.
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The establishment and replenishment of thymic epithelium and the persistence of epithelial progenitor cells into adult life were discussed at ThymOz-V 2006.
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In vivo animal experiments are essential (and a regulatory requirement) to demonstrate the potential efficacy, safety and pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic profile of candidate drugs. However, the number of pharmacologists (and other bioscientists) with integrative (in vivo) pharmacology skills has been in decline for a number of years, as have the opportunities for students to learn such skills. This article reviews some recent initiatives that are underway to rebuild this essential skills base in the United Kingdom and the United States. Partnerships between industry and national funders of research and education have proved to be a particularly effective approach to support this strategically important area of biological science.
In the wake of concerns about the level of antibiotic resistance, governments worldwide are pressing for reduced antibiotic use, hoping thereby to reverse resistance trends. Is success likely? The evidence is mixed, and expectations should be tempered by the growing realization that many resistant bacteria are biologically fit, making them difficult to displace. If resistance is unlikely to be reduced significantly by changing prescription practices, how can clinicians outpace increased resistance, particularly when much of 'big pharma' is abandoning antibiotic development?
Abstract of the inaugural lecture on appointment to the Chair of Neural Regeneration at University College London January 2006. Record of personal research. Electron microscopic observations led to the concept that the adult brain is capable of forming new synapses after injury, and the search for methods to repair brain and spinal cord injuries. It is proposed that the failure of regeneration after central axotomy is due to protective glial scarring leading to the loss of the aligned astrocytic pathways needed for axon elongation. Taking advantage of the discovery that the adult olfactory system is capable of continual renewal, cultured olfactory ensheathing cells were transplanted into lesions of the spinal cord and spinal roots. The transplants re-opened scarred glial pathways, allowed the regeneration of severed nerve fibres, and the restoration of various functions, including paw reaching, climbing, and supraspinal respiratory impulses to the phrenic nerve.
Coastal zones are major hubs for economic and social activity and are in the front line of climate change. To safeguard these fragile ecosystems for our own and future generations we have to move towards more integrated approaches to the assessment and management of coastal and marine environments. Environmental monitoring-broadly defined-has a huge role to play.
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This paper is concerned with the policy and practice of care management, that is, the system for assessing care needs and arranging services to meet them, developed under the legislative framework of National Health Service (NHS) and Community Care Act 1990. The paper takes as its starting point the contrast between the rhetoric of service user empowerment in professional training, particularly of social workers, with the disempowering realities that arise in practice. It examines some of the sources of this conflict, looking in particular at contradictions inherent within the development of care management as a policy, conflicts contained within the legislation and associated guidance and contradictions evident at the level of practice. It argues that organizational processes and procedures consequent upon care management as it is evolving in practice are decreasing the possibilities for empowering practice and reinforcing the power of care managers at the expense of service users. It suggests that the power of the care manager is based on increased administrative and managerial responsibility, counterbalanced by diminishing professional autonomy and discretion. Some possibilities for future development if empowerment is to survive as a meaningful concept within care management are outlined. The paper concludes that there are serious limitations on the scope for empowerment within care management and that the real hope for empowerment lies in the encouragement and support of user-led initiatives in service planning, evaluation and provision.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.