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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodid ticks collected in natural foci by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.

Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) was used for the first time for evaluation of infestation of ixodid ticks with tick-borne encephalitis virus. Comparison of TR-FIA results with those obtained in enzyme immunoassay and by virus isolation confirmed the high efficacy of the method in question. Positive results of TR-FIA coincided with the data of virus isolation in 83.6% cases, the level of false-negative results did not exceed 1.2%, the overall time consumption amounted to about 1.2 hr.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The properties of the particles formed in the reproduction of an acute in vitro infection with the tick-borne encephalitis virus adapted to H. plumbeum ticks].

The properties of virions produced in pig embryo kidney (PEK) cells inoculated with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus strain EK-328 which had been passaged in white mice and its variant obtained by passages of TBE in H. plumbeum ticks (clone 718/574 H. pl.17) were found to be different. The clone 718/574 H. pl17 virus particles had no hemagglutinating or precipitating activities, greater sedimentation and density heterogeneity in sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and differences in movements to electrodes in electrophoresis and immune electrophoresis. In mixed infection in PEK cultures with EK-328 strain and clone 718/574 H. pl17, the infective dose-dependent interference was observed which affected the infectious virus titre and the size of cathode antigen precipitate.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

[The protection of vertebrate animals from experimental tick-borne encephalitis with active and passive immunization against tick antigens].

The active and passive immunization of laboratory animals against Ixodes antigens has been experimentally shown to lead to the development of their resistance to homologous Arthropoda species and a change in the intensity of the circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus between carriers and their hosts. The immunization of vertebrates with Ixodes antigens may supposedly lead to a decrease in the number of bloodsucking arthropods-carriers of the causative agents of infectious diseases-and protect animals from infections whose causative agents are transmitted by Ixodes ticks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Does the suction biting of uninfected ixodid ticks protect against tick-born encephalitis in subsequent bites?].

It has been experimentally established that suction of noninfected preimago and imago of Ixodoidea to sensitive animals (e.g. white mice) does not lead to the elaboration of immunity protection from bites of insects infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus. A protecting effect may be manifested in decreased likelihood (incidence) of repeated suction to animals formerly bitten by ticks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A count of the vector portion of a population of the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis connected with the imago of the taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus)].

The paper presents results of individual virological investigation of about 2 thousand of hungry imagoes of Ixodes persulcatus Sch., collected for the estimation of the absolute number of ticks at test sites. This approach is shown to be suitable for estimating the ratio between the vectors with various virus doses, the number of vectors, and of the vector share in a virus population in natural tick-born encephalitis foci.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Trials for control of ixodid ticks using pheromone acaricide tick decoys.

Experimental application of Hyalomma dromedarii pheromone-impregnated in cyfluthrin (pyrethroid) decoys on experimentally infested camels revealed efficacy rate of 85.33%, while the control group showed normal pattern of tick engorgement. This study proved the rapid movement of males toward decoys and some males took the mounting position with such decoys. On the other side, the same decoys (H. dromedarii) when used on naturally infested cattle with Boophilus annulatus did not even disturb the Boophilus ticks indicating that B. annulatus contain specific pheromones which should be furtherly identified.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Developmental profile, isolation, and biochemical characterization of a novel lipoglycoheme-carrier protein from the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) and observations on a similar protein in the soft tick, Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari: Argasidae).

A novel lipoglycoheme-carrier protein (CP) in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) has been purified and characterized. CP was purified by native-PAGE from partially fed virgin females. CP has a density of 1.25 g/ml with a molecular weight of 200 K by native-PAGE and 340 K by gel filtration chromatography. CP is comprised of two majour subunits, 98 K and 92 K in molecular weight by SDS-PAGE. Separate amino acid composition of the two subunits indicated high contents of As(x), Gl(x) and leucine. However, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the two subunits was only 13% identical. The lower molecular weight subunit showed 61% identity to artemocyanin (biliprotein) in fairy shrimps, 46% identity to minor vitellogenin in chickens and 13% identity to vitellin of the black-legged tick. No similarity match was found for the other subunit. CP is a lipoglycoheme-protein as indicated by selective staining of native-PAGE gel for lipids, carbohydrates and heme. Lipid analysis by thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of cholesterol, phospholipids, monoacylglycerides, triacylglycerides and free fatty acids. Heme associated with purified CP demonstrated a lambda(max) of 397.5 nm while the lambda(max) of crude hemolymph plasma was 402.5 nm. The presence of CP in whole body homogenates of eggs, unfed and fed larvae and fed nymphs as well as in the plasma of unfed and fed adults including vitellogenic females was demonstrated by native-PAGE. Although a protein of analogous size was not found in the soft tick, Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley, a high molecular weight protein (500 K) is the predominant plasma protein in both unfed and fed male and female adults of that species as determined by native-PAGE. Also, CP appears to function as a biliprotein which sequesters heme.

Acari↗
PubMed1998

Control of bacterial infections in the hard tick Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae): evidence for the existence of antimicrobial proteins in tick hemolymph.

The ability of hard ticks to prevent infection by bacteria was investigated. During a 72-h period, virtually all Dermacentor variabilis females survived inoculation with Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphyloccocus aureus but few survived infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hemocyte population increased to peak abundance at 48 h to approximately 6 times that of the uninfected controls. In contrast, the soluble hemolymph protein content decreased inversely as the hemocytes increased. D. variabilis hemolymph was found to be constitutively antimicrobial (i.e., hemolymph from bacteria-naive individuals inhibited bacterial growth). Infection with various bacterial species enhanced this innate capability. When hemolymph fractions separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography were tested for their ability to inhibit microbial growth, activity against the gram-positive bacterium, B. subtilis, was found in 2 polar fractions. Antimicrobial activity was lost when the fractions were incubated with protease. The least polar fraction contained 1 major protein, M(r) 14.5 kDa, that comigrated with human lysozyme. This protein, tentatively identified as tick lysozyme, was abundant in bacteria-naive ticks but increased greatly (43%) following challenge with B. subtilis. The identity of the other, more polar protein is unknown. Studies to characterize these antimicrobial proteins are planned.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Tick-borne encephalitis--a European health challenge. Conference report of the 8th meeting of the International Scientific Working Group on Tick-borne Encephalitis (ISW TBE).

The annual 2006 meeting of the International Scientific Working Group on Tick-borne Encephalitis (ISW TBE) raised the topic "Tick-borne Encephalitis--a European Health Challenge". TBE incidence has more or less increased in all European countries with a TBE risk in the last years (excepting Austria). Additionally, TBE has become an international public health problem because of increasing mobility of people travelling to risk areas. TBE vaccination should be recommended when people travel to endemic regions and come into contact with nature, regardless of the duration of the stay. As no clear recommendations for travellers exist, it will be one of the major future challenges of the ISW TBE to increase problem awareness outside endemic regions and create general recommendations, which are valid for at least all European countries.

Austria↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacokinetics of human tick-borne encephalitis virus antibody levels after injection with human tick-borne encephalitis immunoglobulin, solvent/detergent treated, FSME-BULIN S/D in healthy volunteers.

This study assessed tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) neutralizing antibody levels after injection of FSME-BULIN S/D (human tick-borne encephalitis immunoglobulin; 0.2 ml/kg body weight) in healthy volunteers. After screening of 18 volunteers for TBEV antibody titers, 12 healthy volunteers with TBEV antibody titers < 5 were entered into the pharmacokinetic part of the study. TBEV antibody titers were analyzed before injection and after 24 h, 48 h, 3 d, 4 d and 8 d. Vital signs, adverse events and laboratory tests for safety were analyzed after intramuscular injection with the immunoglobulin at 4 sites in the gluteal muscles. Injection with 0.2 ml/kg of FSME-BULIN S/D induced a fast increase in, and sustained titers of, neutralizing antibody levels against TBEV. The injections were well tolerated and the safety profile of the product was fully acceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Survey of tick infestation and tick-borne ehrlichial infection of dogs in Ishigaki Island, Japan.

Twelve (54.5%) of 22 free-roaming dogs in Ishigaki Island had tick infestation identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus. There were 121 ticks recovered and consisted of 28 females, 58 males, 22 nymphs and 3 larvae. Infection of dogs possibly with canine ehrlichial pathogens was examined by both indirect immunofluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two dogs of the 13 examined were sero-positive for the human granulocytic ehrlichia agent, and one of two dogs was PCR positive for Ehrlichia platys. This dog had platelet numbers slightly lower than normal value, however, no morulae were found within platelet on peripheral blood smear stained with Giemsa.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Bionomics of ticks collected from Sinai Peninsula: 2- abundance, attachment sites, and density estimators of ticks infesting Arabian camels.

Ten camels were examined monthly from January to December 1999, in Beer Lehfen North Sinai Gavernorate. A total of 5468 adult ticks of 6 species and subspecies of genus Hyalomma; H. dromedrii, H. ipmeltatum, H. a. excavatum, H. a. anatolicum, H. schulzei, and H. marginatum rufipes, in addition to 115 Hyalomma nymphs' species were collected. Of these, the first 4 types represented about 96.2% of the total collection. The infestation rate was higher during the period from March to November. The average monthly infestation rate was 22.78+/-3. The large number of the adult ticks were concentrated on tail, brisket, anus, and udder which totaled 68.2%. Attachment sites of males and females were not significantly correlated in most species. Nymphs were localized in few sites, whereas 91.6% of the total nymphs were attached to hump, neck, head (ear), and side. H. dromedarii, H. impeltatum, and H. a. excavatum were found on most of the body sites, tail, brisket, udder, and anus, totaling 79.9%. Males exceeded females in all sites, and were alone on neck and legs. Females were the only stage collected from udder. Both sex of H. a. anatolicum were collected from tail. H. schulzei and H. m. rufipes were concentrated in brisket, udder, anus, and tail.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1999

[Risk of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus infection among people occupationally exposed to tick bites].

The paper presents the results of seroepidemiologic studies concerning tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in 1583 persons (1261 forestry workers and 233 farmers) from the Lublin region (eastern Poland) occupationally exposed to ticks and in 130 healthy blond donors (a control group). The mean percentage of seropositive reactions in forestry workers amounted 19.8% and in farmers 32.0%. Based on 5-year research (1994-1998) conducted in 5 districts of the Lublin region, an existence of endemic foci of TBE was detected in the district of Biała Podlaska, on the areas of Radzyñ Podlaski and Parczew, where the percentage of seropositive reactions in forestry workers exceeded 50%. Statistical analysis showed that the frequency of seropositive reactions in forestry workers and farmers was significantly greater compared to control group (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). It indicates that these groups are occupationally exposed to TBE wirus. Totally, in the years 1994-98 nine clinical cases of TBE (acute neuroinfection) in forestry workers and fourteen clinical cases in farmers were confirmed serologically. The effectiveness of specific immunization against TBE was proved on the brie of 100% seroconversion in 56 earlier seronegative forestry workers. The obtained results proved that forestry workers and farmers in Poland are under increased risk of infection with TBE virus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Change in the antigenic structure of surface glycoprotein E of tick-borne encephalitis virus during its adaptation to ticks and mammals].

Enzyme immunoassay and immunoprecipitation test of viral proteins, by applying a tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) viral protein E monoclonal antibody kit, have shown that TBE adaptation to ticks and mammals may cause a considerable change in the antigenic structure of surface glycoprotein E, by involving different antigenic domains, including a neutralizing epitope that seems to participate at the early stages of interaction of virions with the cell membrane.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The infectiousness of Ixodes persulcatus ticks with the causative agents of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis simultaneously].

By means of individual bacteriological and virological investigations of adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks and comparison of obtained results there has been established their simultaneous spontaneous infection with agents of Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. A possible frequency of such mixed infection in these vectors is being discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The meadow tick Dermacentor reticulatus in natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis in Udmurtia].

In southern Udmurtia, where occur both Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes persulcatus, in the years of high abundance of small mammals feeding periods of larvae and nymphs of these ticks coincide completely. The duration of simultaneous parasitism of preimago of the above ixodid species on animals is of epidemiological significance as far as within this period the infection of young stages of D. reticulatus with the virus of tick-borne encephalitis occurs. This is confirmed by the isolation of I strain of the virus from D. reticulatus collected at the state of engorged nymphs on hosts common with I. persulcatus and moulted in the laboratory.

Animals↗