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PubMed1984

A comparison of the distributions of the actinides uranium and thorium with the lanthanide gadolinium in the tissues and eggs of Japanese quail: concentrations of uranium in feeds and foods.

Japanese quail were given UCl3 , UO2 (NO3)2, Th(NO3)4, or GdCl3 ( 153Gd -labeled) intravenously in aqueous solution. Distribution of Th among the tissues was as for Gd; distributions of U(III) and U(VI) were markedly different. For example, 18 hr after a 1.5 mumol/100 g dose, accumulations in females were: growing oocytes, U(III) 2.0%, U(VI) 2.4%, Th 27.7%, Gd 44.7%; leg bones, U(III) 12.5%, U(VI) 14.1%, Th 1.2%, Gd 1.4%; liver, U(III) 1.1%, U(VI) 1.1%, Th 44.0%, Gd 40.2%. Whole body losses by 18 hr were: females, U 24%, Th 14%, Gd 4%; males, U 72%, Th 23%, Gd 1%. Cumulative depositions in yolks of eggs laid over 8 days were: U(III) 1.9%, U(VI) 1.7%, Th 57.3%, Gd 46.8%. The distribution of U in quail may be atypical of actinides . Concentrations of U in various feeds, foods, and mineral supplements ranged from 169 micrograms/g in a phosphate fertilizer for farm use to below the lower detectable limit of .01 microgram/g in many foods intended for human use. Two batches of the game bird laying ration supplied to the quail colony contained 3.05 and 4.42 micrograms U/g. Body burdens of 3.5 micrograms U/bird for noninjected quail were attributed to the U content of this feed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1999

Revised organ partition of thorium-232 in thorotrast patients.

Risk estimates for internally deposited alpha particles in humans, such as those for alpha-particle-induced leukemia, have been derived from data on the toxicity of (232)Th in patients injected with Thorotrast. Their derivation requires both epidemiological data and organ doses calculated from the volume of Thorotrast injected and a knowledge of its pattern of deposition within the body. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the organ partition of (232)Th that has commonly been used for dosimetry (i.e. liver:spleen:red bone marrow: others tissues = 59:29:9:3) is inaccurate. In the present study, the organ distribution of (232)Th has been recalculated using a revised averaging method and both published data and our own unpublished data. For the three major organs of deposition (liver, spleen and bone marrow), activity concentration data were selected from 27 published papers and data sets including 140 newly compiled Japanese cases. For organs of minor storage, both published data for 38 German and 24 Japanese autopsy cases and new data were used. The revised estimate of the relative partition of (232)Th among the above organs was 53:14:25:8. It follows that doses calculated to date are essentially correct for the liver but are too high for the spleen and about three times too low for the red bone marrow. This suggests that the risk of alpha-particle-induced leukemia, per unit of alpha-particle dose, in Thorotrast patients is about three times lower than previously thought.

Bone Marrow↗