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PubMed1995

Fatty acid composition of palatal tissue from denture stomatitis patients.

Palatal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with denture stomatitis. The fatty acids were extracted from the tissue, then separated, identified, and quantified by a gas-chromatographic technique. The sensitivity of this method enabled analyses of specimens with a wet weight of less than 1 mg. The concentration of the fatty acids C16:1 (n-7) and C24:1 (n-9) differed significantly between samples from hyperplastic and clinically healthy tissue in the denture stomatitis patients. By comparing specimens from denture stomatitis patients and non-denture subjects, the concentration of seven fatty acids, two saturated and five unsaturated, was found to be significantly different. A multivariate data-analytical method distinguished between the fatty acid composition in specimens from denture stomatitis patients and from non-denture subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A human case of encephalitis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) infection.

This paper describes a case of severe encephalitis in a 3-year-old Panamanian boy infected with the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. The virus was recovered from the child's throat on the fifth day of illness and a rise in neutralizing antibody titer was demonstrated in paired serum specimens. This is the second report of childhood encephalitis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus infection. These suggest that infection with vesicular stomatitis viruses may cause severe disease. Human infection with vesicular stomatitis viruses is common throughout the tropical Americas.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

An evaluation of a chemical cautery agent and an anti-inflammatory ointment for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a very common condition, currently treated with anti-inflammatory agents, which palliate the symptoms. The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare a medication commonly used to treat recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Kenalog-in-Orabase, and a newer agent, Debacterol. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Sixty patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous stomatitis were enrolled in the study. Twenty patients were assigned to each of the two treatment groups, and 20 age- and sex-matched patients were assigned to the control group, which received no treatment. After the diagnosis was made, clinical examinations and ulcer measurements were performed, and a subjective evaluation of symptoms (100-mm visual analog scale) was completed by each subject. The subjects did not use any other medications. Both agents were applied topically (the frequency varied depending on the group of subjects) at specified intervals. Ulcer measurements and subjective evaluations were made at days 0, 3, 6, and 10 for all subjects. RESULTS: In both treatment groups, by day 10, 100% of the ulcers had clinically healed and were no longer causing pain. Patients in the Debacterol group reported a significantly greater decrease in pain at 3 days (> 70%) than did subjects in the other groups (< 20%), although the size of the ulcer did not differ significantly in any of the groups. After day 6, 80% of the ulcers in the Debacterol group had clinically disappeared and no longer caused symptoms, as compared to about 30% in the other groups. CONCLUSION: Patients subjectively reported significantly greater relief from symptoms with Debacterol than with Kenalog-in-Orabase or no treatment. The relief of symptoms associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis may or may not correspond to clinical improvement, and these two topical medications may affect signs and symptoms of the lesions differently.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Denture cleaning techniques in the elderly affecting the occurrence of denture-induced stomatitis.

The aim of this paper was to establish if and to what extent being informed on oral hygiene procedures affects occurrence of denture-induced stomatitis in the elderly population. The investigation included 150 elderly denture wearers. The following was examined: denture cleaning techniques, incidence of denture-induced stomatitis, source of information in regard to oral health and level of education. The level of denture plaque was registered on the denture surface and expressed in percents. Only 30% of dentures were clean. It has been established that there is a statistically significant difference in occurrence of denture-induced stomatitis in patients who clean their dentures correctly and those who do it incorrectly. In patients with dentures demonstrating a greater level of plaque, the incidence of denture-induced stomatitis was higher. Only 18% denture wearers were given instructions on denture cleaning by their dentists. The level of education is not directly connected with oral health care. Apart from others, dentists should pay more attention to oral health care of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Infectious stomatitis].

Infectious stomatitis is bacterial essentially when of dental origin, the viral forms most often causing a vesicular and erosive stomatitis, and fungal secondary to a modification of the oral commensal flora. The diagnosis is often clinical with the lesions being of characteristic appearance and arising in a suggestive context. When the appearance is less typical or when the choice of treatment necessitates the identification of the germ, specific samples are taken. The treatment of viral stomatitis is essentially symptomatic, that of bacterial and fungal stomatitis comprising two arms: the specific treatment of the acute episode and then that of the particular oral-dental terrain.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2005

[The immunomorphological characteristics of chronic recurrent ulcerative stomatitis].

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomorphological characteristics of chronic recurrent ulcerative stomatitis. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 16 patients with mild, 15 patients with moderate, and 9 with severe stomatitis. The cytological smears were stained by Papanicolaou method. We have evaluated indexes of maturation (MI), keratinization (KI), destruction (DI), and inflammation-destruction (IDI). The immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate the local immune reactions. Anti-CD20 (pan-B marker), Anti-CD3 (pan-T marker), CD4 (marker of T helper), CD8 (marker of T cytotoxic lymphocytes) monoclonal antibodies were used (LSAB, DAB). The comparative analysis of cytological indexes in acute and remission phases of chronic recurrent ulcerative stomatitis showed that DI and IDI decreased in remission phase compared with acute phase, but did not return to norm. It seems that inflammation persists in remission phase despite the absence of symptomatic ulcerative lesion. In mild chronic recurrent ulcerative stomatitis the dynamic quantitative changes of immunocompetent cells in acute and remission phases show that the increased number of CD4+ T and CD20+ B lymphocytes has been found in remission phase indicating a persistent immune reaction and presence of non-eliminated pathogenic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Definition of risk of the aphthous stomatitis by hygienic indices].

Investigation of the state of oral cavity in 61 patients with stomatitis and 62 patients with others diseases of not inflammatory origin was performed in Tbilisi VA hospital. Hygienic indices (HI), particularly Fiodorova-Volodkina index and Stellard index dedicated for assessment of hygiene of the oral cavity. In patients with aphthous stomatitis the average values of hygienic indices were higher in comparison with the control group. This indicates to the role of the hygienic status on the development of the illness. The relative chance of an aphthous stomatitis is low in the cases with good (OR=0,16, 95% CI:0,03-0,74) and satisfactory (OR=0,46, 95%; CI:0,22-0,95) hygienic indices, and is high when hygienic indices are bad (OR=10,56, 95%; CI:1,29-86,12) and very bad (OR=5,88, 95%; CI:1,23-28,09). Statistically significant correlations were documented between the severity of aphthous stomatitis and the levels of hygiene of the oral cavity.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

Hematologic status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Jordan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hematinic deficiencies in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS: The study took place in the Oral Medicine Clinic of the Jordan University Hospital in Amman, Jordan, between January 1993 and December 2000. We studied the hemoglobin, serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate levels in 143 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We compared the results with a control group of 143 age- and gender-matched patients with a range of other oral diseases. RESULTS: In recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients, 14% were anemic and 37.8% showed hematinic deficiencies; 16.8% showed low serum ferritin; 26.6% showed low serum vitamin B12 and 4.9% showed low serum folate. In the control group, 10.5% were anemic and 18.2% showed hematinic deficiencies; 9.8% showed low serum ferritin; 12.6% showed low serum vitamin B12 and none showed serum folate deficiency. CONCLUSION: Patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis have more hematinic deficiencies, particularly vitamin B12 deficiency, compared with controls. Correction of these hematinic deficiencies could help in the management of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Causation of stomatitis during cytostatic chemotherapy for head and neck tumors].

In a prospective trial involving 17 patients with head and neck tumors an attempt was made to relate the occurrence of stomatitis during cytostatic chemotherapy to changes in the resident microbial population, if any. Of the 17 patients who received the same cytostatic regimen, 10 developed stomatitis after a mean interval of 12 days. Smears were taken of the 2 patient subgroups (with and without stomatitis) at the onset of treatment and after comparable intervals during treatment and compared to those of a normal control group. Pretreatment smears did not show any quantitative or qualitative differences in the aerobic and anaerobic microbial spectrum between the 3 subgroups examined. During treatment patients developing mucositis were found to show a statistically significant multiplication of pathogens, while the other 2 groups still did not differ from one another. Together with the direct cytostatic effect of chemotherapy, proliferation of pathogens in the oral cavity appears to contribute to the development of stomatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Contact stomatitis.

Allergic contact stomatitis may be difficult to distinguish from irritant stomatitis and may mimic the oral changes of a vitamin deficiency, certain anemias, uremic stomatitis, stomatitis nicotina, and even candidiasis. When these conditions have been ruled out, skin patch testing may be indicated. There is no need to test the oral mucosa directly because the oral mucosa and skin are sensitized at the same time.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Stomatitis in the bone marrow transplant patient. An overview and proposed oral care protocol.

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a treatment modality associated with a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal complications. One effect is painful stomatitis. Stomatitis is defined as an inflammatory and ulcerative reaction of the oral cavity. Stomatitis in the transplant patient is attributable to one, several, or all of the following: effects of high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy delivered pretransplant; infection; acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (in the allogeneic transplant recipient); the condition of the oral cavity pretransplant; and side effects of other medications or treatments used during the transplant process. Frequency of oral complications in the BMT population has been looked at in several studies. Most studies showed changes beginning immediately before transplant day, peaking 1-2 weeks posttransplant, and gradually improving. Published studies have not included colony-stimulating factors in the treatment regime, nor have they addressed the effect of these agents on oral complications. A survey of BMT centers showed that no standard protocol is in place for stomatitis prevention and management. The literature shows that no agent has been shown to be superior to any other. Frequency of care given and reinforcement of care needed have been shown to be related to improvement in oral condition. Based on the review of the literature, a protocol for oral care is proposed. This protocol would then establish a program to which other agents can be compared.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1993

Reducing the incidence of stomatitis using a quality assessment and improvement approach.

Stomatitis occurs in approximately 40% of the patients receiving systemic administration of chemotherapy and cancer treatments such as radiation to the head and neck. The presence of stomatitis affects the course of treatment and a patient's quality of life. An oncology nursing unit developed a quality assessment and improvement indicator addressing stomatitis. Oral cavity screening, dental consultations, oral care techniques, and patient teaching were included in the nursing interventions, which resulted in a marked reduction of new cases of stomatitis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Inhibition of 5-fluorouracil-cisplatin-induced stomatitis by oral cryotherapy: use of an ice-bar containing fibrinolysin and deoxyribonuclease combine (Elase)].

Stomatitis caused by a combined chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) is a serious problem in the course of treatment for patients with oral carcinoma. In the present study, we proposed a form of cryotherapy using an ice-bar containing fibrinolysin and deoxyribonuclease (Elase) to inhibit the stomatitis. The therapeutic effect of the ice-bar cryotherapy was evaluated in 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who were undergoing 5-FU-CDDP chemotherapy. Nine of the 20 patients were given the ice-bar cryotherapy while the remaining patients were not. As a result, although there was no significant difference between the incidence of stomatitis in the groups with and without the ice-bar cryotherapy, the incidence of severe stomatitis with ulcers and/or eating disturbance in the 11 cases without the ice-bar cryotherapy (90%) was significantly higher than that in the 9 cases with the cryotherapy (44%) (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in the clinical response rate of the 5-FU-CDDP chemotherapy was observed between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of CO2 on stomatal conductance: do stomata open at very high CO2 concentrations?

Potato and wheat plants were grown for 50 d at 400, 1000 and 10000 micromoles mol-1 carbon dioxide (CO2). and sweetpotato and soybean were grown at 1000 micromoles mol-1 CO2 in controlled environment chambers to study stomatal conductance and plant water use. Lighting was provided with fluorescent lamps as a 12 h photoperiod with 300 micromoles m-2 s-1 PAR. Mid-day stomatal conductances for potato were greatest at 400 and 10000 micromoles mol-1 and least at 1000 micromoles mol-1 CO2. Mid-day conductances for wheat were greatest at 400 micromoles mol-1 and least at 1000 and 10000 micromoles mol-1 CO2. Mid-dark period conductances for potato were significantly greater at 10000 micromoles mol-1 than at 400 or 1000 micromoles mol-1, whereas dark conductance for wheat was similar in all CO2 treatments. Temporarily changing the CO2 concentration from the native 1000 micromoles mol-1 to 400 micromoles mol-1 increased mid-day conductance for all species, while temporarily changing from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 also increased conductance for potato and sweetpotato. Temporarily changing the dark period CO2 from 1000 to 10000 micromoles mol-1 increased conductance for potato, soybean and sweetpotato. In all cases, the stomatal responses were reversible, i.e. conductances returned to original rates following temporary changes in CO2 concentration. Canopy water use for potato was greatest at 10000, intermediate at 400, and least at 1000 micromoles mol-1 CO2, whereas canopy water use for wheat was greatest at 400 and similar at 1000 and 10000 micromoles mol-1 CO2. Elevated CO2 treatments (i.e. 1000 and 10000 micromoles mol-1) resulted in increased plant biomass for both wheat and potato relative to 400 micromoles mol-1, and no injurious effects were apparent from the 10000 micromoles mol-1 treatment. Results indicate that super-elevated CO2 (i.e. 10000 micromoles mol-1) can increase stomatal conductance in some species, particularly during the dark period, resulting in increased water use and decreased water use efficiency.

Biomass↗
PubMed2002

Prevention of stomatal closure by immunomodulation of endogenous abscisic acid and its reversion by abscisic acid treatment: physiological behaviour and morphological features of tobacco stomata.

Transgenic tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants ubiquitously accumulating a single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) antibody against abscisic acid (ABA) to high concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum (RA plants) show a wilty phenotype. High stomatal conductance and loss of CO(2) and light dependence of stomatal conductance are typical features of these plants. ABA was applied to these plants either via the petioles or by daily spraying over several weeks in order to normalise the phenotype. During the long-term experiments, scFv protein concentrations, total and (calculated) free ABA contents, and stomatal conductance and its dependence on CO(2) concentration and light intensity were monitored. The wilty phenotype of transgenic plants could not be normalised by short-term treatment with ABA via the petioles. Only a daily long-term treatment during plant development normalised the physiological behaviour completely. Scanning electron microscopy of stomata showed morphological changes in RA plants compared with wild-type plants that, for structural reasons, prevented regular stomatal movements. After long-term treatment with ABA this defect could be completely eliminated. Guard-cell-specific expression of the anti-ABA scFv did not cause any changes in physiological behaviour compared to the wild type. In addition, mesophyll-specific expression starting in leaves that were already fully differentiated resulted in normal phenotypes, too. We conclude that changes in distribution and availability of ABA in the cells of developing leaves of RA plants cause the development of structural features in stomata that prevent normal function.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed2006

Hydrogen peroxide production is an early event during bicarbonate induced stomatal closure in abaxial epidermis of Arabidopsis.

The presence of 2 mM bicarbonate in the incubation medium induced stomatal closure in abaxial epidermis of Arabidopsis. Exposure to 2 mM bicarbonate elevated the levels of H(2)O(2) in guard cells within 5 min, as indicated by the fluorescent probe, dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCF-DA). Bicarbonate-induced stomatal closure as well as H(2)O(2) production were restricted by exogenous catalase or diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase). The reduced sensitivity of stomata to bicarbonate and H(2)O(2) production in homozygous atrbohD/F double mutant of Arabidopsis confirmed that NADP(H) oxidase is involved during bicarbonate induced ROS production in guard cells. The production of H(2)O(2) was quicker and greater with ABA than that with bicarbonate. Such pattern of H(2)O(2) production may be one of the reasons for ABA being more effective than bicarbonate, in promoting stomatal closure. Our results demonstrate that H(2)O(2) is an essential secondary messenger during bicarbonate induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed2001

Changes in apoplastic pH and membrane potential in leaves in relation to stomatal responses to CO2, malate, abscisic acid or interruption of water supply.

Low CO2 concentrations open CO2-sensitive stomata whereas elevated CO2 levels close them. This CO2 response is maintained in the dark. To elucidate mechanisms underlying the dark CO2 response we introduced pH- and potential-sensitive dyes into the apoplast of leaves. After mounting excised leaves in a gas-exchange chamber, changes in extracellular proton concentration and transmembrane potential differences as well as transpiration and respiration were simultaneously monitored. Upon an increase in CO2 concentration transient changes in apoplastic pH (occasionally brief acidification, but always followed by alkalinization) and in membrane potential (brief hyperpolarization followed by depolarization) accompanied stomatal closure. Alkalinization and depolarization were also observed when leaves were challenged with abscisic acid or when water flow was interrupted. During stomatal opening in response to CO2-free air the apoplastic pH increased while the membrane potential initially depolarized before it transiently hyperpolarized. To examine whether changes in apoplastic malate concentrations represent a closing signal for stomata, malate was fed into the transpiration stream. Although malate caused apoplastic alkalinization and membrane depolarization reminiscent of the effects observed with CO2 and abscisic acid, this dicarboxylate closed the stomata only partially and less effectively than CO2. Apoplastic alkalinization was also observed and stomata closed partially when KCl was fed to the leaves. Respiration increased on feeding of malate or KCl, or while abscisic acid closed the stomate. From these results we conclude that CO2 signals modulate the activity of plasma-membrane ion channels and of plasmalemma H+-ATPases during changes in stomatal aperture. Responses to potassium malate and KCl are not restricted to guard cells and neighbouring cells.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed2001

Changes in stomatal behaviour in the calcicole Leontodon hispidus due to the disruption by ozone of the regulation of apoplastic Ca2+ by trichomes.

Regulation of the concentration of Ca2+ in the apoplast of plants is essential in order to allow Ca(2+)-dependent processes, such as Ca(2+)-mediated signal transduction in stomatal guard cells, to function correctly. This is particularly important for plants growing with high levels of Ca2+ in the rhizosphere. Recently, we have shown that in two calcicoles, Leontodon hispidus L. and Centaurea scabiosa L., trichomes play a key role in this regulatory process. Ozone is known to have a marked effect on plant Ca2+ homeostasis. Therefore, we have examined the effect of this pollutant on the regulation by trichomes of apoplastic Ca2+ in the calcicole L. hispidus. Treatment with 100 nl l-1 ozone resulted in a reduction in stomatal conductance of approximately 25% in plants grown with 15 mM Ca2+ in the rhizosphere. Analysis of total Ca2+ levels revealed that these changes in stomatal behaviour reflect a decrease in the ability of trichomes to sequester Ca2+. The amount of Ca2+ present in the trichome tip cell was reduced by approximately 38%. This was accompanied by an increase in the levels of Ca2+ in the guard cells and other tissues of the leaf. These data suggest that ozone has a detrimental effect on the ability of trichomes to regulate the concentration of apoplastic Ca2+ in L. hispidus, resulting in altered stomatal behaviour, and hence gaseous exchange, possibly due to the disruption of guard-cell Ca(2+)-mediated signal transduction. This has important implications for the growth and survival of plants growing in Ca(2+)-rich soils.

Adaptation, Physiological↗