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Results for “Split-Brain Procedure”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Memory in split-brain patients: a comparison with organic amnesic syndromes.

Acquisition of pictorial information and its retention over a one week retention interval were examined in 3 split-brain patients using the titration procedure developed by Huppert and Piercy (1978, 1979). Split-brain patients were found to have a normal ability to retain information once learnt. However, two of the patients required longer than normal presentation rates to reach the desired level of learning, suggesting the presence of an acquisition defect. In contrast, the youngest patient (L.B.) showed normal acquisition as well as normal retention. These findings are compared with those obtained for two classes of amnesic patients, i.e. Korsakoff patients and H.M., who show functionally different forms of organic amnesia. The results suggest that inter-hemispheric co-operation is relatively unimportant for normal retention although co-operation may be necessary for normal learning. The possibility of recovery of memory following commissurotomy is raised.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Conditioned changes in ultrasonic vocalizations to an aversive olfactory stimulus are lateralized in 6-day-old rats.

Using a soft rubber plug to block airflow in one naris, Kucharski, Johanson, and Hall (1986) found that some forms of olfactory memory (e.g., odor preferences) were lateralized in young rats while other forms (e.g., conditioned activation and mouthing) were not. The present experiments extended that research by showing that conditioned increases in ultrasonic vocalizations were also lateralized. That is, when exposed to an odor that was previously paired with footshock, 6-day-old rats significantly increased their rate of vocalizing. This response only occurred, however, when the naris open at training was also open at test. The use of the developing rat as a natural split-brain preparation appears to be an effective procedure with which to broaden current approaches to the analysis of learning, memory, and emotion.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Split-brain rat: transfer and interference of kindled amygdala convulsions.

Rats were subjected to varying degrees of commissurotomy, followed by implantation of a bipolar electrode into each amygdala. After the kindling of six convulsions at one electrode (primary site), the procedure was applied to the contralateral amygdala (secondary site). Convulsions were observed to develop more rapidly, independent of the degree or kind of transection. After 6 secondary site convulsions, the primary site was re-tested and convulsion-triggering was blocked, except in animals with transection of the rostral portion of the corpus callosum (CC). Collectively, the data indicate: (i) amygdala kindling develops a lasting trace which operates through the midbrain or brainstem; (ii) kindling from a second site utilizes this trace; (iii) a series of 6 convulsions produces negative after-effect which manifests itself at the convulsion level via the anterior CC; (iv) the anterior CC is important in determining the laterality of the forelimb clonus; and (v) the inter-amygdala propagation of after-discharge is blocked by the combined sectioning of the anterior CC and the anterior commissure.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2003

One or two: an examination of the recent case of the conjoined twins from Malta.

The article questions the assumption that conjoined twins are necessarily two people or persons by employing arguments based on different points of view: non-personal vitalism, the person as a sentient being, the person as an agent, the person as a locus of narrative and valuation, and the person as an embodied mind. Analogies employed from the cases of amputation, multiple personality disorder, abortion, split-brain patients and cloning. The article further questions the assumption that a conjoined twin's natural interest and wish is separation. I first contend that separation is such a radical procedure as to render the post-separation person different from the pre-separation one. Therefore, it is not possible to benefit the pre-separation twin by the act of separation. The article concludes with a critical evaluation of the tendency in bioethics to regard ethical challenges as rivalry between individuals competing for scarce resources.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

Duplex perception: some initial findings concerning its neural basis.

Duplex perception is the simultaneous perception of a speech syllable and of a nonspeech "chirp," and occurs when a single formant transition and the remainder (the "base") of a synthetic syllable are presented to different ears. The current study found a slight but nonsignificant advantage for correct labeling of the fused syllable when the chirp was presented to the left ear. This advantage was amplified in the performance of a "split-brain" subject. A subject with a left pontine lesion performed at chance level when the chirp was presented to her left ear. These findings suggest that some, if not complete, ipsilateral suppression does occur in the dichotic fusion procedure, and that identification of the fused syllable is maximal when the left hemisphere fully processes the linguistic characteristics of the base (through contralateral presentation), and at least minimally processes the frequency transition information of the chirp (through ipsilateral presentation).

Adult↗