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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[The influence of expansion maintenance period upon in vivo skin tension and immediate stretch-back rate of the expanded skin].

OBJECTIVE: The study was to investigate the influence of maintenance period of expansion upon skin tension and immediate stretch-back rate of the expanded skin. METHODS: 30 expanders (240 ml) were implanted in six adult dogs, which were divided into four groups: group A with 2-week saline injection of the expander; group B with 6-week injection; group C with sham-operation and group D as the blank control group. The first two groups were subdivided into three groups respectively according to different maintaining times of one week, two weeks and four weeks. When full inflation was finished, a 4 cm x 7 cm expanded flap was created and in vivo skin tension and stretch-back ratio of the flap were measured. The Comparison was made in terms of in vivo skin tension and immediate stretch-back ratio between different injection and different maintenance periods. RESULTS: With expansion maintenance time increasing, the in vivo skin tension and immediate stretch-back ratio decreased. After the capsule of the expand skin flap was removed, the in vivo skin tension and immediate stretch-back rate significantly reduced. Based on the experimental results, 16 patients were treated with implantation of 23 expanders. Their average expander injection time was 14 days and the average maintenance time was 25 days. All expanders obtained good results except one extrusion. CONCLUSION: In skin and soft tissue expansion, in vivo skin tension and immediate stretch-back ratio can be reduced through prolonged maintenance of expansion and capsule removal from the expanded skin flap.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Determination of papaverine hydrochloride in skin and blood and the drug contents in pig skin].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of ultraviolet spectrophotometer in determining papaverine hydrochloride content in blood and skin and to determine the intradermal content after local external application of papaverine hydrochloride. METHODS: Phosphate buffer solution (pH = 10, ionic strength = 0.4) was added into the blood or ground skin tissue containing papaverine hydrochloride, and papaverine hydrochloride was extracted with chloroform-hexane mixture (ratio:2:3). After oscillation and centrifugation, partial organic phase was retrieved and dried in 60 degrees C water bath. The dried product was dissolved in 1 mol/L HCl and then underwent filtration through 0.2 micron membrane. The ultraviolet apectrophotometry was applied to determine the content of papaverine hydrochloride in the filtrate. 2% papaverine hydrochloride cream was applied on pig's skin and skin specimen was retrieved at given time to determine the papaverine hydrochloride content in skin tissue with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The absorbance spectrum of the extract was typical of that of papaverine hydrochloride, with no miscellaneous peak. The extractive rate of papaverine hydrochloride in blood of was more than 92% and that in skin tissue more than 87%. Eight hours after external application of 2% papaverine hydrochloride cream on pig skin, the content of papaverine hydrochloride in skin tissue was more than 90 micrograms/g, significantly higher than the effective concentration of papaverine hydrochloride. CONCLUSIONS: Ultraviolet spectrophotometry is a simple, economical and reliable method for the determination of papaverine hydrochloride content in blood and skin tissue, with good reproducibility and sensibility. External application of papaverine hydrocholine cream can provide efficient permeation and drug concentration in the skin.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A controlled, three-part trial to investigate the barrier function and skin hydration properties of six skin protectants.

In the treatment of incontinence dermatitis, a skin protectant primarily prevents skin breakdown due to moisture and biological irritants in urine and feces. To assess the barrier and skin hydration properties of six currently available skin protectants with different formulations, a controlled, three-phase study was conducted at a research facility in the UK among 18 healthy volunteers. The study addressed each product's efficacy against insult from a known irritant (sodium lauryl sulphate), skin hydration potential, and maintenance of skin barrier and barrier efficacy against maceration. Using white petrolatum (glycerin) as the positive control and untreated sites as the negative control, the results show that each one of the products tested has different performance properties. Products containing petrolatum demonstrated protection against irritants (P = 0.006 at 24 hours) and maceration (P < 0.005) and provided some skin hydration. Products containing dimethicone varied in protection against irritants (P < 0.005, or P > or = 0.806 at 24 hours) and have good skin hydration potential and low barrier efficacy (P > 0.500). Zinc oxide-based products showed protection against irritants (P < 0.005) but poor skin hydration and barrier properties to prevent maceration (P = 0.262). Overall, only the water-in-oil petrolatum- based product performed effectively within all the parameters tested. This study suggests that skin barrier protection involves more than the inclusion of an active barrier ingredient. Further testing and use of barrier products in the clinical setting will provide additional evidence for appropriate product selection.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Expanded clavipectoral skin flap combined with reverse axis skin flap in repairing cervical scar contracture deformity after burn].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a combined cervical expanded skin flap in repairing cervical scar contracture deformity after burn injury. METHODS: From April 2001 to May 2003, 16 cases (10 males and 6 females) of scar contracture deformity in the cervix were treated with expanded clavipectoral axis skin flap combined with reverse axis skin flap. The tissue expanders were embedded under the part containing cutaneous branches of transverse cervical artery in cervical segments and the second and/or the third perforating branch of internal thoracic artery for the first operation. Normal saline was injected regularly. The expanded clavipectoral skin flap and reverse axis skin flap with perforating branch of internal thoracic artery were designed, the scar in the cervix was loosed or dissected according to the size of the skin flaps, the skin flaps were transferred to cover the wound, and the contracture deformity in the cervix was corrected. The size of the flaps were 9 cm x 5 cm-15 cm x 7 cm. RESULTS: All skin flap survived. The function and appearance of the cervix was improved significantly after 6-30 months follow-up. However, venous return dysfunction in reverse perforating branch of internal thoracic artery occurred in 1 case, and blood circulation was improved after treatment. CONCLUSION: Expanded clavipectoral axis skin flap combined with reverse axis skin flap can be used to repair scar contracture deformity in cervix, which lessen scar and abate the chance to contract again.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reconstruction of neck burns. A long-term comparative study between skin grafts, skin expansion and free flaps.

Cervical reconstruction after postburn scarring remains a challenge for the plastic surgeon. Several well-known procedures are possible: split or full-thickness skin grafts, local flaps, free skin flaps, expanded skin,... In order to evaluate each technique, three procedures are compared with a long-term follow-up (> or = 1 year): skin expansion, free flap surgery and full-thickness skin grafting. Fifteen patients are reviewed, with five patients operated according to each method. In this study, each burn patient was suffering from a severe neck burn contracture, restricting the neck motility to a few degrees. These patients were operated on by different surgeons, according to their personal indications. The full-thickness skin graft is usually harvested from the abdomen (by means of a miniabdominoplasty) and is applied under a tie-over dressing. This simple procedure has few complications and gives satisfactory results. Skin expansion provides a good texture and color matching but has a higher morbidity and necessitates several procedures. Free flap surgery is time-consuming, gives a good functional result but poor cosmetic aspect (different colour, excessive bulk). Comparing the functional and aesthetic result of the three types of reconstruction in terms of morbidity, neck mobility, skin elasticity, skin sensitivity, matching and scar recurrence, full-thickness skin grafting seems to be the most adequate technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Experimental study of skin expansion of the grafted free vascularized skin flap].

By using retro-auricular skin after skin expansion to reconstruct auricle, often-times, the retro-auricular skin could not be expanded because of certain reasons such as having burn scar. For this purpose, a new operative technique was designed. The experiment consisted of using 15 rabbits, on one side of the back, a free vascularized skin flap was obtained. Following the anastomosis of the vessels of the flap with that of the back the flap was sutured back in situ. Two weeks after the removal of the sutures, the grafted skin flap was expanded as usual. The routine skin expansion was carried out on the contralateral side as control. The volume of expansion, change of subcutaneous blood vessels, complications from operation, and histological observation were used to compare the results of skin expansion of the two sides. The result showed that there was no significant difference between the types of skin expansion. It was concluded the grafted free vascularized skin flap had no adverse effect on skin expansion.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of natural change of skin function in split-thickness skin grafts by noninvasive bioengineering methods.

BACKGROUND: Autologous split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) are considered the mainstay for the treatment of large full-thickness wounds. There have been few studies reporting the natural change of the skin function in STSGs after procedure, however. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the natural change of the skin function in STSG using noninvasive bioengineering methods. METHODS: Eighteen patients were eligible for the study. The skin functions of the graft and the control site were evaluated by an evaporimeter, corneometer, mexameter, and cutometer at Postoperation Days 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of the graft was maintained around that of the normal skin. The values of the skin hydration testing generally decreased during the follow-up period. Erythema was highly maintained for the whole period. For the pigmentation, the ratio tended to increase after 6 months. The skin pliability of the graft was abruptly decreased at 0.5 month, and it recovered from 3 to 12 months. The value did not reach that of the normal skin, however. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the STSGs had changed within the frame of the skin function, including the TEWL, epidermal hydration, color, and pliability, throughout 1 year after surgery. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using skin models to assess the effects of a protection cream on skin barrier function.

BACKGROUND: There is a basic necessity to understand the mechanisms of the protective effects of emulsions. This would promote the development of protective cosmetics and therefore improve the prevention and treatment of occupational skin diseases. However, for such studies, no reliable skin model is available. OBJECTIVE: An in vitro skin model test was developed to evaluate the protective mechanism of cosmetic ingredients. METHODS: The efficacy of three products was assessed by an in vivo test (Repetitive Occlusive Irritation Test) and then 3-dimensional skin model tests were carried out. RESULTS: In vivo test results demonstrate that the best protection against sodium dodecyl sulphate is offered by a multiple emulsion. In the case of a skin model test, sodium dodecyl sulphate led to cell damage, an increase in pro-inflammatory markers and some barrier lipids. The multiple emulsion increased the content of skin lipids, without inducing irritation or cell death. CONCLUSION: Skin models react similarly to sodium dodecyl sulphate compared to human skin and therefore they are suitable to study barrier repair after sodium dodecyl sulphate damage. It is likely that the superior protective effect of the multiple emulsion in vivo is based on the increased amount of skin barrier lipids.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2000

[FOITS (fast optical in vivo topometry of human skin): new approaches to 3-D surface structures of human skin].

FOITS (Fast Optical In-vivo Topometry of human Skin) is a new technique for the three-dimensional analysis of the microstructures of the skin. Based on the surface roughness standards used in the metal-working industry, it uses computer-assisted strip analysis to process information gathered from high-speed, non-contact scanning. It is possible to visualise the mathematical data in 3D form. So far, surface relief parameters have had to be acquired indirectly by first making silicone casts of the skin and then digitalising them with image analysis, mechanical scanners or, more recent, laser profilometry and confocal microscopy. We selected the roughness parameters Ra, Rz and Rmax (DIN defined) and "positive" and "negative" volume to describe the skin surface. In 40 healthy volunteers we were able to define significant intra-individual differences in these roughness parameters, which were correlated with the location of the area of skin being scanned (p < 0.05). When healthy areas of skin were compared with areas of chronic eczema in 10 patients with neurodermatitis the differences in the above-mentioned roughness parameters were just as striking (p < 0.05). In patients with chronic atopic eczema there was a statistically significant correlation between changes in the parameters "positive" and "negative" volume, and the smoothing of the skin seen after 14 days of treatment with standard ointments (p < 0.02). Apart from its industrial uses, we see potential applications for FOITS in the investigation of quantitative and qualitative aspects of aging processes, physiological and pathological processes in the skin, and the effect of topical preparations applied to the skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[An experimental study on the repair of full skin loss of rabbits with composite chitosan artificial skin].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the practicability of repair of full skin loss of rabbits with composite chitosan artificial skin. METHODS: Dermal substitute was prepared aseptically by mixing fibroblasts with composite dermal matrix gel. Keratinocytes were then seeded on the substitute and submersion - cultured thereafter for 1 week in keratinocyte culture medium. The composite was further cultured for 1 approximately 2 weeks on the surface of the culture liquid to form artificial skin. The composite chitosan artificial skin was then grafted onto the full skin loss wound of rabbits. Histological changes were undertaken periodically by tissue sampling from the grafted wound. The systemic reaction of rabbits to the artificial skin was observed. RESULTS: All the grafted wounds healed very well without any suppuration, bleeding or infection under the grafted skin. No obvious immune rejection was seen. The artificial skin could cover the wounds for a long time with good elasticity and easy to be manipulation. CONCLUSION: The composite chitosan artificial skin could be an optimal biological dressing with good histocompatibility and easy to be manipulation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Repair of murine full skin loss with composite skin of collagen scaffold containing living cells].

OBJECTIVE: To construct composite skin containing living cells and to observe its significance in the repair of full skin loss in mice. METHODS: The dermal substitute was formed by culturing heterogeneous fibroblasts on the acellular chondrocyte collagen scaffold for 3 days, and then cultured on the epithelial membrane for another 10 days, to form the composite skin containing living cells. The composite skin was grafted onto full layer skin defect. The growth condition was observed and biopsies were harvested for histologic examination. RESULTS: Both fibroblasts and stratified epithelium grew well in the collagen scaffold. The composite skin adhered tightly to wounds of the mice, with obvious vascularization one week after grafting. The grafts began to merge with the wound margin at 6 post operation weeks without obvious signs of rejection. CONCLUSION: Full skin loss could be repaired by composite skin formed by acellular chondrocyte collagen scaffold as a skin substitute.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of early skin-to-skin contact after delivery on duration of breastfeeding: a prospective cohort study.

AIM: To study the influence on breastfeeding of skin-to-skin contact after birth. METHODS: Using a prospective cohort study design, a group of 1250 Polish children was investigated with 3 y follow-up. RESULTS: The implementation of the practice significantly increased mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding by 0.39 mo and overall breastfeeding duration by 1.43 mo. The infants kept with the mothers for at least 20 min were exclusively breastfed for 1.35 mo longer and weaned 2.10 mo later than those who had no skin-to-skin contact after delivery. The skin-to-skin contact after birth significantly coexisted with the other hospital practices supportive to breastfeeding, especially rooming-in without separation longer than 1 h per 24 h [relative risk (RR) = 3.18, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.34-4.31] and first breastfeeding within 2 h after birth (RR = 2.94, 95% CI: 2.36-3.67. Multivariate analysis performed by a general linear model with duration of exclusive breastfeeding as the dependent variable indicated skin-to-skin contact and mother education as two independent variables influencing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that extensive mother-infant skin-to-skin contact lasting for longer than 20 min after birth increases the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Skin-to-skin contact beginning in the delivery room for Colombian mothers and their preterm infants.

To determine if the transition to extrauterine life is facilitated by skin-to-skin contact, six relatively low risk preterm infants experienced six continuous hours of skin-to-skin contact on their mothers' chests beginning within 30 minutes of birth. Heart and respiratory rates and oxygen saturation remained within normal limits and all infant temperatures rose rapidly to thermoneutral range. Two infants developed grunting respirations by the time skin-to-skin contact began, but the grunting disappeared with warm, humidified oxygen and continuous skin-to-skin contact. All infants were fully breastfeeding and ready for discharge by 24-48 hours postbirth. Early skin-to-skin contact was safe and seemed beneficial for these relatively low risk preterm infants.

Colombia↗
PubMed2001

Carboplatin skin testing: a skin-testing protocol for predicting hypersensitivity to carboplatin chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: A high incidence of moderate to severe hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) is noted in patients who have been treated with multiple courses of carboplatin. Presently, there is no reliable way to predict which patients may be at risk for this potentially severe adverse reaction. We developed a skin-test protocol to identify patients at high risk for HR to carboplatin chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing more than seven courses of carboplatin received a 0.02-mL intradermal injection of an undiluted aliquot of their planned carboplatin infusion 1 hour before each course of the agent. A positive skin test was prospectively defined as that resulting in a wheel of at least 5 mm with a surrounding flare. We recently reported a 27% incidence of HRs in patients receiving more than seven courses of carboplatin. These patients served as historical controls for the current study. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients with recurrent ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma receiving carboplatin were skin tested. Thirteen of 47 patients (28%) manifested a positive skin test at a median of nine total courses of carboplatin (range, eight to 17 courses). This rate of skin-test positivity was not significantly different from the incidence of documented HR reported in a historical control group (P =.89), suggesting comparable populations. A negative skin test accurately predicted the absence of HR in 166 of 168 courses of chemotherapy. Only two of 47 patients (4%) experienced a HR after a negative skin test. Thus, administering carboplatin only to patients with a negative skin test may result in a significant reduction in HRs relative to historical controls (P =.002). CONCLUSION: An easily performed skin test appears to predict patients in whom carboplatin may be safely administered. Treatment modifications based on the results of skin testing may reduce the incidence of HRs in patients receiving repeated courses of carboplatin.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Skin reactivity in the histamine-equivalent skin test in hypersensitivity to grass pollen].

INTRODUCTION: Skin prick-test has been accepted as one of diagnostic criteria for atopic diseases. In accordance with the recommendations of the EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology), the Subcommittee for skin testing, allergen specific skin prick-test should be estimated in relation to positive control (histamine hydrochloride in the HEP system/histamine equivalent prick/) [1-4]. The purpose of this study was to establish a recording system of skin sensitivity to allergen by using HEP method in our patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in 75 persons (49 females, 26 males, mean age 34.6 years) suffering from atopic diseases (hay fever, allergic asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis) and susceptible to one of pollen allergens. Skin prick tests were performed and recorded as said before [2-6]. We used a house standardized (Torlak Institute) allergen solution of 5000 AU/mL (pollen of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perennae, Phleum pratense), 7500 AU/mL (Phleum pratense) and 10,000 AU/mL (Phleum pratense) and histamine-hydrochloride solution (1 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL). Total and allergen specific serum IgE was made before the study by ELISA immunoassay (Pharmacia, Uppsala, EIA RAST Phadesim) in all selected persons and results were recorded in Phadebas RAST unit given by the manufacturer. According to the serum concentration of specific IgE, patients were classified into groups (low susceptibility, intermediate sensitivity and highly susceptible persons). Skin reactions were recorded according to histamine skin sensitivity (as reaction equal or larger in diameter than histamine papule). Additionally, measured allergenic and histamine wheal were sorted and frequency of positive tests was calculated. Skin testing was performed with the approval of the Ethic Committee of our Centre and with the written patients' consent. For statistical analysis we used chi 2 test, regression analysis and Kolmogar-Smirnov nonparametric test. Results for the confidence of 95% (p < 0.05), were considered significant. RESULTS: In a group of 30 persons, susceptible to Phleum pratense pollen (Table 1, Graph 1 and 2), it was found that the number of positive tests was equally distributed among groups; it was dependent on the allergen concentrations, and was higher when using H1 (p < 0.01). When H10 was used as reference solution, only allergens of the highest concentration provided a significant number of positive tests (p < 0.01). There was no difference among groups of patients depending on the concentration of used histamine solution. In all 75 persons, we estimated skin-prick test performed by allergen solution of 5000 AU/mL and compared it with HI reaction. It was calculated that the most frequent histamine papule diameter was 3 mm and this value was farther used as the end-diameter in HEP system. Patients were classified in groups on the basis of serum IgE concentrations (RAST). The estimation of criterion positivity revealed the highest significance by using criterion Ap > Hp (p < 0.001). At the same time, if the criterion Ap > 2Hp was used we were sure that 99% of our patients were highly sensitive to allergen we tested. DISCUSSION: In the study it was established that allergen concentration of 5000 AU/mL and histamine solution of 1 mg/mL are sufficient to estimate skin-prick test in the HEP system. We found that the end diameter of histamine-papula was 3 mm. This finding suggests the good utility of HEP system. In addition, it has been proven that absolute value of papula diameter is not a critical parameter for the estimation of positivity or discrimation among patients regarding their susceptibility to allergen. By this system we found that criterion Ap > Hp, provides a significantly higher number of positive tests (p < 0.001). The recommended criterion Ap > Hp gives no discrimination among tested groups of patients, while using the criterion Ap > 2Hp we diagnosed highly susceptible persons (p < 0.01). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Transplantation of thin pedicle skin flap: a new method in the treatment of skin defect of hand (a report of 54 cases)].

We used the transplantation of the thin pedicle skin flap to repair the skin defect on the hand and claw hand due to scar contracture in 54 patients. The results were improved. The size of the skin flaps was 16-8 cm x 6-4 cm. The average time of division of the pedicle was 10.5 days. In comparison with the free skin graft with a preserved subcutaneous vascular network, the whole thickness free skin graft, the random pattern skin flap (local flap, fascio cutaneous flap and traditional skin flap), the axial pattern skin flap (including island skin flap and myocutaneous flap), showed that the thin pedicle skin flap was superior over them. The indications, blood circulation and the points for attention in the operation were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the pigmentometer, a new device for measuring skin albedo: relating skin color with a series of physiological measures.

Use of the Pigmentometer, a new device for measuring skin albedo: Relating skin color with a series of physiological measures. An apparatus has been described for the indirect measurement of skin albedo in human subjects. This device operates on the principle of the reflectance of light as influenced by the lightness or darkness of the skin. This new equipment was used to examine the relationship between lightness or darkness of the skin and the basal level and responsivity of some autonomic nervous system physiological variables in a series of 46 black and 47 white male and female subjects. It was observed that blacks had significantly lower (darker) skin albedo (PI), a significantly higher skin resistance (SR) and amplitude of the galvanic skin response (GSR), and an insignificant higher basal heart rate (HR). Pearson Product-Movement correlations between all measures from the total population showed significant relationships between PI and SR, SR and GSR and HR and HRR (heart rate response). The further separation of the total population into subgroups of blacks, whites, males, females, and black and white male and female goups, respectively, altered some of these differences and relationships previously observed. These results appeared to support the premise that race is more responsible for influencing the measured physiological responses, particularly SR, than is the lightness or darkness of the skin.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Induction of late cutaneous reactions by skin-blister fluid from allergen-tested and normal skin.

Ten healthy volunteers (five atopic, five nonatopic) and seven patients suffering from allergic bronchial asthma and rhinitis/conjunctivitis as well as showing dual reactions after intradermal or bronchial allergen challenge were investigated. Using the suction blister technique, we obtained skin-blister fluid (SBF) from dual skin reactions 30, 60, 180, and 300 min after allergen injection and from normal untested skin. The biologic activity of SBF was tested by intradermal reinjection of the fluid into the donor. SBF taken from dual skin reactions 30 or 60 min after allergen injection produced late cutaneous reactions (LCRs) quite similar to those induced by the allergen. SBF taken from LCR areas 180 or 300 min after antigen testing had much weaker effects, similar to SBF from untested skin. A possible content of allergen extract in SBF from allergen-tested skin areas was not responsible for the observed effects as demonstrated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis experiments in monkeys. High doses of SBF from untested skin were able to induce LCRs similar to but weaker than LCRs produced by SBF taken at early phases from dual skin reactions. Similar volumes of autologous heparin-plasma or serum did not induce LCRs. It is concluded that during the initial phase of dual skin reactions, factors are formed that are able to induce LCRs. The generation of these mediators seems to be caused at least in part by the extravasation of plasma.

Adolescent↗