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PubMed1978

Timed extractions.

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Cephalometry↗
PubMed1991

Immunoblot multi-allergen inhibition studies of allergenic cross-reactivity of the dust mites Lepidoglyphus destructor and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

The allergenic similarity of the pyroglyphid mite D. pteronyssinus and the glycyphagid mite L. destructor was investigated with a new immunoblotting inhibition technique allowing simultaneous comparison of several allergens. Extracts of D. pteronyssinus and L. destructor were separated by SDS-PAGE and electroblotted to nitrocellulose (NC). A serum pool containing IgE specific to the major allergens in both mites was mixed with serially diluted extracts of D. pteronyssinus and L. destructor and incubated with the mite allergens of NC. The inhibition of the IgE binding to NC was evaluated by densitometric scanning and percentage inhibition was calculated. The IgE antibodies to the 25-kD component in D. pteronyssinus, were inhibited to the same degree by extracts of D. pteronyssinus and L. destructor. Another major allergen component in D. pteronyssinus (16 kD) was also inhibited by L. destructor extract but to a lesser degree: 400 times more of the heterologous than of the homologous extract was needed for 50% inhibition. To produce 50% of heterologous inhibition of the two major allergen components at 15 and 53 kD of L. destructor, 2000 and 10,000 times more respectively, of D. pteronyssinus than of L. destructor extract were needed. Two minor allergen components of L. destructor showed some cross-reactivity with D. pteronyssinus. However, L. destructor was a stronger inhibitor of D. pteronyssinus than vice versa, probably because the sera were obtained from persons more sensitized to L. destructor than to D. pteronyssinus.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Crowding: timing of treatment.

The late mixed dentition stage of development, after the eruption of the first premolars, is a favorable time to start treatment to resolve crowding. This protocol offers the clinician choices. If nonextraction treatment is preferable, arch length preservation can provide the space for alignment in approximately 75% of all patients with crowding. If extraction treatment is indicated, the first premolars are available.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1992

[Extraction versus non-extraction. Does the pendulum swing too much?].

Therapeutic extractions in Orthodontics has decreased in the last few years. The idea of that early treatment, functional appliances, upper molar and bicuspids distal movements, upper sagittal suture opening and other proceedings, reduce extraction practice is widely extended. Unfavorable effects like facial profile worsening and TMJ problems has been related to extractions. In this study common arguments against extractions has been analysed and attacked. Some cases are presented to illustrate non-extraction reliability. Main conclusions are: there is not relationship between extraction and TMJ dysfunctions; profile changes depend on technique not on extractions "per se"; profile gets better in alveolar prognatisms; non-extraction tendency rely most on some viewpoints away from biologic facts than clinical evidences.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Extraction of third molars in cases of anticipated crowding in the lower jaw.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the lower third molar, in combination with other variables such as facial morphology and space conditions, can contribute to the occurrence or aggravation of crowding. The subjects consisted of twenty-three boys and twenty-nine girls with impacted third molars on both sides of the mandible. The impacted molar on one side was removed, while the other, nonextracted side was used as a control. Average age at the time of operation was 15.5 years (range, 13 to 19). Close to the operation and annually for at least 3 years afterward, study casts and cephalograms (lateral, frontal, and oblique) were taken. The findings indicated that (1) despite analyses of many variables, this study has not been able to predict which patients should react favorably or unfavorably to removal of the third lower molars in cases of anticipated crowding; (2) in cases with severe crowding removal of the molars could be recommended; (3) correct proximal contacts seem to be of importance in keeping the space that is achieved by extraction, while incorrect ones may spoil it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Forty-year review of extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic.

In a review of consecutive charts at 5-year intervals from the orthodontic clinic at the University of North Carolina, the number of patients with extraction of all four first premolars increased from 10% in 1953 to 50% in 1963, remained at 35% to 45% until the early 1980s, then declined sharply to the 1950s level by 1993. Extraction for camouflage of Class II malocclusion (maxillary first premolars alone or maxillary first-mandibular second premolars) reached 16% in 1968, then declined, but not as dramatically, and presently is as frequent as the extraction of four first premolars. The rate of extraction of other teeth, done for a variety of individual reasons, has remained almost constant at about 15% for the past 40 years. Thus the total extraction percentage was 30% in 1953, peaked at 76% in 1968, and declined again to 28% in 1993, with almost all the change in the percentage of four first premolar extractions. The increase in first premolar extractions occurred primarily in a search for greater long-term stability; the recent decline seems due to a number of factors. Greater concern about the impact of extraction on facial esthetics, data to suggest that extraction does not guarantee stability, concern about temporomandibular dysfunction, and changes in technique all seem to have played a role. With appropriate orthodontic mechanics, many patients with Class I crowding can be treated satisfactorily with or without premolar extraction.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1972

Further characterization of bovine keratohyalin.

Extraction of serial sections of cattle hoof epidermis with solutions of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, guanidine hydrochloride, ammonium sulfate, and potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at varying salt concentrations demonstrates that keratohyalin (KH) is extracted by these salts at certain molarities. Under given conditions of time and temperature, each salt has a specific extraction pattern, and similar salts have similar extraction patterns. Dialysis of the salt extracts of hoof epidermis against distilled water results in the macroaggregition of KH, as assayed by histochemical methods. Although the various macroaggregates appear identical at the histochemical level, they display different ultrastructural characteristics. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the sodium decyl sulfate-solubilized macroaggregates results in the fractionation of a 20 (or more) member homologous series of oligomers. Isolation of the various oligomeric species of bovine keratohyalin and re-electrophoresis indicate that the various KH species can undergo depolymerization. Amino acid analyses of the unfractionated bovine macroaggregates and the various molecular weight species of bovine KH are similar, further demonstrating homology of the oligomers. The molecular weight of the subunit (monomer) of bovine KH is 14,955, estimated from the amino acid analyses.

Amino Acids↗