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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Significant increase in prostaglandin E-main urinary metabolite by laxative administration: comparison with ulcerative colitis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the production of prostaglandin E(2), an important chemical mediator in diarrhea induced by laxative administration, a prostaglandin E-main urinary metabolite (7alpha-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranor-prosta-1,16-dioic acid, PGE-MUM) was measured in healthy volunteers and compared with the values of patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: PGE-MUM was determined by a simplified immunoassay of bicyclic PGE-MUM and analyzed for the influence of laxative administration and active/remission phases of ulcerative colitis. RESULTS: Administration of laxatives induced a significant increase in PGE-MUM in healthy volunteers. A significant elevation was also found in the active as compared with the remission phase of ulcerative colitis. The PGE-MUM levels were significantly correlated with our modified Talstad scores, clinical disease activity indices in ulcerative colitis. It was confirmed by time course studies of individual patients that changes in PGE-MUM correlated well with colitis activity. CONCLUSION: Laxative administration induces production of prostaglandin E(2) as one of the chemical mediators, although its production grade is relatively low as compared with ulcerative colitis in the active phase.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

A controlled trial of senna preparations and other laxatives used for bowel cleansing prior to radiological examination.

Film quality of PP, X-P and HP methods shows only small differences. 1-day preparation reduces the burden on nursing staff. The standardized sennoside preparations have a good palatability. HP was significantly better than X-P and is safe in diabetic patients. PP gives fewer side effects (cramps) than HP and X-P. Low residue dietary measures are essential for a good result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Senna--an old drug in modern research.

Senna was introduced in therapy in the 9th century by the Arabs. In the second half of the 19th century chemical investigation of the drug was undertaken, but only a century later the sennosides were isolated. Pharmacological research on senna started at the beginning of this century. During the last 25 years interest in the pharmacology of synthetic and natural laxatives steadily increased. Senna, containing only dianthrones as active substances, is still in the center of scientific research and merits this special attention.

Arabia↗
PubMed1988

Effect of sennosides on colon motility in dogs.

Oral administration of sennosides (20-30 mg/kg) to fasted dogs has been shown to induce a strong and long-lasting inhibition of myoelectric colon activity which was evident after a delay of 6-10 h corresponding to oro-cecal transit and colonic metabolism and was accompanied by abundant diarrhea. When sennosides were given 1 h before a meal, the postprandial increase in colon motility failed to appear. Recent studies with strain gage transducers confirm the inhibition of colonic motility after oral sennosides but, in addition, 3-10 'giant contractions' with a high amplitude appeared during the period of inhibition. Most of these single contractions were propagated over the second half of the colon at a velocity of 0.5-2 cm/min. Elimination of liquid feces was always associated with giant contractions. These giant contractions have also been described with other stimuli (i.v. guanethidine or neostigmine, oral castor oil, intraluminal hypertonic glucose) and are therefore not specific for sennosides.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of sennosides on colon motility in cats.

The actions of sennosides on colonic motility are incompletely understood. We therefore studied the effects of sennosides A + B on colonic myoelectric activity and transit of a radio-opaque meal in 7 conscious cats. Intraduodenal application of sennosides (2 mg/kg body weight) accelerated the half colon transit time from 60 +/- 10 (SEM) to 43 +/- 7 min. At the same time the ratio of long-spike bursts to short-spike bursts was changed from 0.22 to 10.1. Loperamide, an antidiarrheal agent, had the opposite effect. The overall spike activity was not altered by sennosides, but increased by loperamide. It is concluded that the propulsive action of sennosides in the colon is reflected by myoelectric patterns and not by the total number of spikes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of sennosides and related compounds on intestinal transit in the rat.

The effect of pure sennosides A + B on large intestinal transit (LIT) was investigated in the rat. LIT was defined as the time from intracecal administration of a color marker through a chronically implanted catheter until first appearance of colored feces. Sennosides (50 mg/kg, administered orally 2-24 h before the marker) reduced LIT from greater than 6 h in controls to a minimum of 30-20 min after a 4- or 6-hour pretreatment. Longer pretreatment times increased LIT again reaching normal values after 24 h. Intracecal administration of sennosides and their natural metabolites (sennidins A + B, rhein-9-anthrone, rhein) simultaneously with the marker accelerated LIT to approximately 50-70 min. The laxative effect was less pronounced after rhein compared with the other compounds. Indometacin, loperamide, and calcium-channel antagonists (verapamil, nifedipine) partially antagonized the effect of intracecal sennosides on LIT and delayed, but did not suppress, appearance of soft feces.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sennosides and human colonic motility.

The effects of stimulant laxatives on colonic motility in man still remain controversial. Stimulation of peristalsis or a decrease of intraluminal pressure has been described manometrically after intraluminal administration of laxatives including senna. In contrast to manometry, electromyographic methods using an endoluminal probe enable continuous colonic motor recordings over a long colonic segment for at least 24 h, and consequently studies following the course of laxative effects after oral administration, the classical therapeutic route, are possible. Preliminary results using sennosides obtained with few subjects provide evidence for an increase in propulsive activity expressed as an increased number of migrating long-spike bursts in the left and sigmoid human colon. This motor colonic pattern seems to be a common feature in nonspecific or induced diarrhoea.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1988

In vitro effects of anthraquinones on rat intestine and uterus.

Isolated uterus and colon segments were taken from sennoside-pretreated female rats. They indicate a possible decrease in spontaneous contractility of both organ segments. Addition of rhein-Na, as one of the probable active metabolites of sennosides, into the bath medium of isolated colon and ileum segments of untreated rats showed a reduction in contractility at concentrations of more than 10(-5) and 10(-4) mol/l, respectively. Though rhein-Na in concentrations of more than 10(-4) mol/l impaired acetylcholine-mediated contractures of isolated colon, the antagonism was obviously partial and noncompetitive. Isolated uteri from previously estrogen-treated rats did not show a change in the contractile behaviour up to concentrations of 10(-4) mol/l rhein-Na, whereas higher concentrations induced an increase in contractions. The importance of this finding is not clear.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

Combined manometric and radiological study of the changes in colonic motility induced by sennosides in rats.

Colonic motility changes induced by sennosides in rats were studied by an original method, which permits the simultaneous projection of manometric and fluoroscopic registrations on a single monitor. The results of this study allowed us to confirm the laxative effect of sennosides by inducing mass movements within 60-80 min after intracecal administration leading to a complete emptying of the whole colon. These mass movements were preceded by hypotonia of cecum and colon and impeded pellet formation.

Animals↗