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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Comparative localization of heme oxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase in the autonomic innervation to the human ductus deferens and seminal vesicle.

PURPOSE: The aim of present study was to determine the topographic relationship between heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), which synthesizes carbon monoxide (CO), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO), in the autonomic nerves of the human ductus deferens and seminal vesicle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicle were obtained during cancer surgery or vasectomy. HO-2 and nNOS were localized by indirect immunofluorescence. Additionally, the histochemical NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity of NOS was demonstrated using a standard staining method and some modifications. RESULTS: Anti-HO-2 labeling stained virtually all nerve cell bodies in local ganglia of the pelvic plexus, which is composed of a mixed population of postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons supplying the pelvic viscera. Furthermore, nerve cell bodies in the wall of the seminal vesicle, which are considered an extension of the pelvic plexus, were also found to stain positively for HO-2. Some of the HO-2-immunoreactive ganglion cells were also nNOS-positive, their proportion varying between individual ganglia but generally not exceeding 20%. Both enzymes were present in large adventitial nerve trunks. Only nNOS but no HO-2 was found in small intramuscular and mucosal nerve fibers. In both the ductus deferens and seminal vesicle, the highest density of nNOS-containing nerve fibers was in the lamina propria of the mucosa. A well-developed plexus of nNOS-positive nerve fibers was also observed in the muscular layer of the seminal vesicle. By contrast, there was a very sparse innervation by nNOS-positive nerve fibers in the muscle coat of the ductus deferens. In addition, a population of epithelial cells in the seminal vesicle may contain an isoform of NOS, as revealed by a resistant NADPH-d activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings set the scene for functional studies which will hopefully clarify the biological role of CO and NO in the control of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicle.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic removal of seminal vesicle cyst with ectopic ureteral insertion and renal remnant.

Seminal vesicle cysts associated with ectopic ureter and renal agenesis is a rare condition. We report on a 23-year-old man with a history of pelvic discomfort and post-coital testicular pain. The investigation disclosed a left seminal vesicle cyst, and an absent left kidney. The patient was successful submitted to resection of the left seminal vesicle, ureter, and dysplastic renal tissue altogether, through laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopy has shown to be an excellent treatment option for this rare condition.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Adverse effects on vasoepididymostomy outcomes for men with concomitant abnormalities in the prostate and seminal vesicle.

PURPOSE: Following microsurgical vasoepididymostomy as many as 85% of men have sperm in the ejaculate, yet only 30 to 50% will spontaneously father children. We examined the possibility that there may be concomitant abnormalities in the prostate and seminal vesicle, which may be associated with low pregnancy rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transrectal ultrasound was performed in azoospermic men with suspected epididymal obstruction, excluding those who had undergone vasectomy, to identify abnormalities of the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts. Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy was attempted in all men. RESULTS: Transrectal ultrasound revealed ejaculatory duct dilatation in 13 of 40 men (33%), although only 3 had accompanying seminal vesicle dilatation. Two men had atrophic seminal vesicles with normal ejaculatory ducts. At surgery 8 of 40 patients (20%) were deemed to have irreparable conditions. For the 27 men followed at least 6 months postoperatively patency and pregnancy rates were 75 and 22%, respectively. Mean sperm counts plus or minus standard deviation were significantly higher in men without compared to those with seminal vesicle or ejaculatory duct abnormalities (43 +/- 68 versus 5.7 +/- 6.9 x 10(6) sperm per ml., respectively), and so was the percentage of motile sperm (30 +/- 16% versus 1.2 +/- 2.2%, respectively). Pregnancy rates were also higher in men without (6 of 19, 32%) than with (0 of 8, 0%) seminal vesicle or ejaculatory duct abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Transrectal ultrasound detected abnormalities of the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts are common in men with suspected epididymal obstruction. These abnormalities are associated with a poor outcome for vasoepididymostomy. We recommend that all men with suspected epididymal obstruction undergo transrectal ultrasound before any attempted reconstruction.

Epididymis↗
PubMed1997

The Turner biopsy needle facilitates seminal vesicle aspiration.

Transrectal ultrasonography and seminal vesicle aspiration with or without vesiculography have become an integral part of the evaluation and management of the infertile male with ejaculatory duct obstruction. We have found that the Echo Tip Turner Biopsy Needle used in conjunction with ultrasound guidance greatly facilitates these transrectal procedures.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

The incidence and significance of seminal vesicle invasion in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

The incidence and significance of seminal vesicle invasion in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were determined in 139 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Of the 36 patients who had seminal vesicle invasion, 27 (75%) also had capsular invasion and 13 (43%) had lymph node metastases. Disease progression rates were 31% and 58% at 5 and 8 years, respectively. Survival rate at 5 years was 90.6% and at 8 years it was 83.7%. Of the 103 patients without seminal vesicle invasion, 21 (20.4%) also had capsular invasion and 11 (12%) had lymph node metastases. Disease progression rates were 2.5% and 15.7% at 5 and 8 years, respectively. Survival rate at both 5 and 8 years was 98.4%. These data suggest that the majority of patients with seminal invasion do not have lymph node metastases on presentation and thus they cannot be detected by lymph node dissection before radical prostatectomy. Improved techniques for preoperative detection of seminal vesicle invasion can assist in patient selection for surgery and improve the results of radical prostatectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of the predominant basic protein in human seminal plasma, one cleavage product of the major seminal vesicle protein.

From liquefied human seminal plasma, we purified the predominant basic protein which appears following liquefaction of coagulated semen. The protein was purified in the presence of di-isopropylfluorophosphate to retard its degradation. Heparin-Sepharose chromatography was followed by gel filtration (Biogel P 60) and by fast performance liquid chromatography on a reversed phase column (C8). The basic protein is a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular mass of 12.8 kDa, and has a pI value between that of trypsinogen (9.3) and cytochrome C (10.3). The protein contains no carbohydrate, is rich in histidine, glutamate, and lysine, but is devoid of both cysteine and methionine. The amino-terminal portion of the protein sequence is unique: H N K Q E G R D H D K S K G H F H R V V I H H K G G K A H R G-. A specific rabbit antiserum was raised against the 12.8 kDa basic protein. The protein was found to be unique to seminal plasma among all extracellular fluids examined. Three immunologically related 52 kDa, 71 kDa, and 76 kDa proteins were identified in seminal vesicle secretion when it had been reduced. Prostatic enzyme(s) degraded these proteins to the 12.8 kDa basic protein and several other basic proteins with apparent molecular masses below 18 kDa.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Secretory activity of boar seminal vesicle glands.

This paper reviews the recent research on the physiological role of peptide and protein substances synthesized in boar seminal vesicle glands. Secretions from these glands are the major components of seminal plasma. Unique biochemical properties of seminal vesicle proteins, which determine their numerous functions in the reproductive processes, are discussed. The discovery of phosphotyrosine acid phosphatase in boar seminal vesicle secretions and the first description of the biochemical properties of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) have led to remarkable inroad in molecular andrology. The fundamental role of vesicular low and high molecular antioxidants in the protective function against reactive oxygen species (ROS) is defined. Emphasis is also given to the role of androgens in controlling the secretory activity of boar seminal vesicles.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1996

Ex vivo ultrathin endoscopy of the seminal vesicles.

PURPOSE: We used a newly developed ultrathin endoscope to examine the interior of the seminal vesicles ex vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Resected specimens of bladder (8 patients) and prostate (2) cancer were examined. RESULTS: Examination was successful in 3 specimens with an antegrade approach. The tortuous lumen of the seminal vesicles made passage of the guide catheter difficult. The mucosa of the seminal vesicles and vas deferens was clearly visible. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ultrathin endoscopy in useful for diagnosis and evaluation of disorders of the seminal vesicles.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed1983

Biochemistry of the nonhuman primate prostate and seminal vesicles. I. Some chemical parameters.

Normative biochemical values for cranial prostate, caudal prostate, and seminal vesicles were obtained in four macaque species and in baboons, with a view to chemical comparison of the cranial lobe with the other two tissues. The cranial prostatic lobe and the seminal vesicles were both significantly different from the caudal prostate in prostatic acid phosphatase activity. However, citric acid and lactate dehydrogenase in the cranial lobe were comparable to concentrations in the caudal lobe and significantly different from the seminal vesicles. Dihydrotestosterone was higher in content than testosterone in all tissues of each species examined. The nonhuman primate cranial lobe seems to be a link between the seminal vesicles and the caudal prostate.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contractile behaviour of rat seminal vesicle after gonadectomy, testosterone replacement and cyproterone treatment.

The effects of bilateral gonadectomy, testosterone replacement and cyproterone acetate treatment on seminal vesicle contractions were studied in rats in order to contribute new data on the role of androgens in the spontaneous motility of the seminal vesicle. In gonadectomized-testosterone treated rats the glands exhibited a spontaneous rhythmic activity similar to that of entire animals. The seminal vesicles of gonadectomized as well as of cyproterone treated rats also contracted spontaneously but the contractions showed a smaller amplitude. Such decrease could be related with the well-known atrophy and reduction in the number of smooth muscle cells occurring in seminal vesicles after castration. The results reported in this paper suggest that androgens are not required for the normal spontaneous activity of seminal vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of long-term administration of testosterone oenanthate on sympathetic neurotransmission to rat isolated seminal vesicles.

1. The effects of prolonged administration of testosterone oenanthate (TE) on sympathetic neurotransmission to the rat isolated seminal vesicle were examined. 2. TE was administered at either 1.2 or 2.4 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) thrice weekly for 8 weeks. A separate group of rats was administered the vehicle, sesame oil, 0.5 mL/kg, s.c. at the same regime and used as controls. TE administration increased plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels and seminal vesicle weights. TE 2.4 mg/kg suppressed fertility in male rats. 3. The mean -log EC50 values of adrenalin and noradrenaline in seminal vesicles from the control group were 5.30 (95% confidence limits: 5.14, 5.58; d.f. = 14) and 4.92 (95% confidence limits: 4.56, 5.49; d.f. = 14) respectively. Neither of these estimates were modified by TE administration. 4. The mean noradrenaline content (microgram/tissue) in seminal vesicles from control rats was 0.88 +/- 0.09 microgram/tissue. This did not change with TE treatment. Tissue noradrenaline concentration (microgram/g tissue), on the other hand, decreased by more than 50% in preparations from rats treated with TE. This was paralleled by a decrease in the density of catecholamine fluorescence. 5. Mean responses to field stimulation (20 pulses, 60 V dial setting, 2 ms, 1-70 Hz) appeared to decrease in preparations from TE treated groups; this decrease was, however, not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05; d.f. = 15). 6. It is concluded that prolonged administration of testosterone oenanthate to rats, at doses sufficient to suppress fertility, decreases the density of sympathetic innervation to the seminal vesicle by increasing smooth muscle mass. Treatment does not, however, modify the responses of this preparation to exogenously added catecholamines.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Incidence of neuroendocrine cells in the seminal vesicles and the prostate--an immunohistochemical study.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate and seminal vesicles (sv) are both androgen-dependent male sex accessory glands. The cancer incidence in these two organs is vastly different. Neuroendocrine (NE) cells are involved in the regulation of prostate growth, differentiation and in prostate cancer carcinogenesis. Thus, knowledge of the incidence of NE cells in sv may add to our understanding of prostate cancer etiology. METHODS: Samples of histologically confirmed normal prostate tissue and normal sv tissue from 20 men were immunostained for chromogranin A. The incidence of stained cells was evaluated semiquantitately. RESULTS: Neuroendocrine cells were detected in all prostate specimens, but not a single stained cell was found in any of the sv specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of NE cells and, subsequently, of biogenic amines, peptides and growth factors may be a reason for the low cancer incidence in the seminal vesicles. Alternatively, the absence of NE cells can be seen as a hint that the stem cells of the prostate and sv react differently to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, and thus in the seminal vesicles, stem cells are not transformed into NE cells.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1994

CA125-producing adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle.

A case of primary seminal vesicle carcinoma is reported. The tumor was a CA125-producing adenocarcinoma consisting of fine papillary-tubular, intricate branching or anastomosing glandular structures and was composed of small cuboidal, but occasionally hobnailed, cells with mostly clear, but occasionally granular, cytoplasm. Some tumor cells showed evidence of secretion of seromucinous materials into the interpapillary and cystic space. Immunohistochemically, almost half of the tumor cells expressed a positive reaction with anti-CA125, a common serological marker for ovarian epithelial carcinomas; however, no tumor cells expressed any other serological tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, prostatic specific acid phosphatase, or prostatic specific antigen. The patient showed a high level of serological CA125, which fluctuated parallel with the growth, removal and recurrence of the tumor. The morphological and immunohistochemical findings suggested a close relationship between the present tumor and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, which is thought to be of a Müllerian-Wolfian duct origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Androgens are necessary for the establishment of secretory protein expression in the guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium.

The guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium (GPSVE) synthesizes and secretes milligram quantities of four related secretory proteins in an androgen-dependent manner. To investigate the role of androgens in the establishment of secretory protein synthesis during the development of the GPSVE, animals were castrated at Day 5, approximately 10 days before secretory protein accumulation begins in intact animals. Castration did not eliminate secretory protein mRNA from the SVE, but it did indefinitely postpone the developmentally programmed increase in secretory protein mRNA. Injection of neonatally castrated guinea pigs with either estradiol or dexamethasone did not alter levels of secretory protein mRNAs. However, treatment of castrated neonates with either testosterone propionate or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) led to specific increases in secretory protein mRNAs within 4 days. Although neonatally castrated animals accumulated and translated significant amounts of secretory protein mRNA, the newly synthesized secretory proteins failed to accumulate until exogenous androgens were provided. This observation suggests that androgens regulate both the accumulation of secretory protein mRNA and the accumulation of secretory proteins in the GPSVE.

Androgens↗
PubMed1995

Dynamics of the seminal vesicle epithelium.

In newborn rodents, seminal vesicle epithelium (SVEP) cells display a poorly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi complex, and they show no signs of secretion. From puberty onward, secretory material starts to appear, and the RER and Golgi complex progressively develop and reorganize until the adult ultrastructure is established around 40-60 days of age. Multivesicular bodies and lysosomes follow in this development but lysosomes evolve to lipofucsin granules with aging. The duration of the secretory cycle in SVEP cells is shorter than in other exocrine cells and the secretory protein pattern depends on the animal species, androgen status, and sexual activity. SVEP cells are also involved in endocytosis, which is coupled to exocytosis, and their endocytic pathway intersects the exocytic pathway in Golgi cisterns. The structure and function of SVEP cells depends mainly on testosterone, but other hormones and factors, such as the neuropeptide VIP, also influence their activity. Castration leads to programmed death and regression of SVEP cells to an extent that depends on the animal species. In addition, castration induces changes in the secretory protein pattern and delays its intracellular transport. Endocytic kinetics is also delayed following castration. Primary cultures of SVEP cells in a bicameral system are proposed as a model to investigate the activities of SVEP cells further.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Keratinocyte growth factor functions in epithelial induction during seminal vesicle development.

Development of the seminal vesicle (SV) is elicited by androgens and is dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Androgenic signal transmission from the androgen-receptor-positive mesenchyme to the epithelium has been postulated to involve paracrine factors. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, is produced by stromal/mesenchymal cells and acts specifically on epithelial cells. The KGF transcript was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in newborn mouse SVs and by Northern blot analysis of RNA from cultured neonatal SV mesenchymal cells. Newborn SVs placed in organ culture undergo androgen-dependent growth and differentiation. Addition of a KGF-neutralizing monoclonal antibody to this system caused striking inhibition of both SV growth and branching morphogenesis. This inhibition was due to a decline in epithelial proliferation and differentiation, as the mesenchymal layer was not affected by anti-KGF treatment. When KGF (100 ng/ml) was substituted for testosterone in the culture medium, SV growth was approximately 50% that observed with an optimal dose of testosterone (10(-7) M). All of these findings suggest that KGF is present during a time of active SV morphogenesis and functions as an important mediator of androgen-dependent development.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Cloning and characterization of CYP4F21: a prostaglandin E2 20-hydroxylase of ram seminal vesicles.

Ram semen contains high concentrations of PGE1, PGE2, 20-hydroxy-PGE1, and 20-hydroxy-PGE2, which mainly originate from the ram seminal vesicles. The 20-hydroxy-PGE compounds are formed by a tentatively identified cytochrome P450, designated PGE2 20-hydroxylase. Our aim was to clone the enzyme and express it in yeast. Total RNA was isolated from ram seminal vesicle. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with degenerate primers for the CYP4 family yielded a novel cDNA sequence of a cytochrome P450. The full coding region (1584 bp) was cloned by RT-PCR and designated CYP4F21. The deduced protein sequence of CYP4F21 contained 528 amino acids and showed 74% amino acid identity with CYP4F8 of human seminal vesicles. CYP4F21 was expressed in yeast, and its catalytic properties were studied by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recombinant CYP4F21 oxidizes three stable PGH2 analogs (U44069, U46619, and U51605) and PGE2 to their 20-hydroxy metabolites, whereas PGH1, PGH2, PGE1, and PGF2alpha appeared to be poor substrates. The apparent Km for hydroxylation of PGE2 was 0.05 mM. Microsomes of ram seminal vesicles and NADPH metabolized PGE2 and the three PGH2 analogs essentially in the same way as CYP4F21. Our results suggest that CYP4F21 might be a sheep homolog to CYP4F8 of human seminal vesicles. The reproductive function of CYP4F21 is likely to biosynthesize 20-hydroxy-PGE1 and 20-hydroxy-PGE2, which is excreted by the seminal vesicles.

Alprostadil↗