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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical markers of human sebaceous gland differentiation.

Cryostat sections of human skin were stained with monoclonal antibodies to involucrin, a range of cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and an ovarian cystadenocarcinoma antibody (OM1) to identify combinations of antibodies that could be used to discriminate between basal and differentiated sebocytes and other cell types present in the pilosebaceous unit. Both the EMA and OM1 monoclonal antibodies specifically recognized differentiated sebocytes. No staining of basal sebocytes or other epidermal cell types was seen. Differentiated (but not basal) sebocytes were also stained by a cytokeratin 10 antibody (LH2). Conversely, the basal sebocytes were recognized by an antibody specific to basal keratinocytes (LH6). Cells of the sebaceous duct stained with both LH2 and LH6 and also with the anti-involucrin monoclonal antibody. Cytokeratin 4 has been detected in sebaceous glands by protein analysis but has not previously been detectable immunohistochemically. We show by immunofluorescence after limited proteolysis that cytokeratin 4 epitopes are distributed in all sebaceous gland cells, including the duct cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1976

Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid.

A 37-year old woman had received multiple radiation treatments between the ages of 6 months and 15 years for an extensive cavernous hemangioma of the left side of the face. At the age of 27 years, a biopsy specimen from a lesion of the left buccal commissure disclosed squamous cell carcinoma arising in chronic radiodermatitis. Multiple cutaneous lesions were excised surgically, and extensive skin grafting of the left side of the face was performed. At the age of 35, she developed a tumor of the left upper and lower eyelids that extended into the orbit, which proved to be a sebaceous gland carcinoma. Following left orbital exenteration, the tumor promptly recurred in the socket. The patient died with widespread metastatic lesions nine months after exenteration. This case, which, to our knowledge, represents the fourth example of postradiation sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelids, differs from the previously reported cases in that the radiation therapy had been given for a benign cutaneous condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Ectopic expression of c-Myc in the skin affects the hair growth cycle and causes an enlargement of the sebaceous gland.

BACKGROUND: The hair follicle continually undergoes dynamic remodelling in a cyclical manner involving tightly coordinated patterns of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The oncoprotein c-Myc is a key regulator of these events in epidermal keratinocytes, but its importance in the hair growth cycle has not previously been determined. OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of c-Myc in the hair growth cycle. METHODS: We characterized the hair follicle phenotype of transgenic mice that permit expression of a switchable form of c-Myc (c-Myc-ER) in the suprabasal epithelial layers of the epidermis and hair follicle. RESULTS: c-Myc activation increased epithelial cell proliferation in the outer root sheath and distal hair follicle, without any substantial alteration in levels of apoptosis. Moreover, chronic c-Myc activation resulted in marked desynchronization of the murine hair growth cycle, uncoupling of hair cycle-related skin thickness and enlargement of the sebaceous gland. CONCLUSIONS: These data implicate c-Myc in the control of hair growth cycling and hair cycle-related epidermal and sebaceous gland homeostasis. We suggest that c-Myc may be activating follicular stem cells either directly or indirectly and that this has important implications for control of the 'hair cycle clock', hair growth and epidermal maintenance.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the lid.

At the Montreal General Hospital over the past 15 years five sebaceous gland carcinomas of the lid (3.5% of all malignant tumours of the lid) were diagnosed and treated. The five cases illustrate well the different clinical presentations of these tumours, knowledge of which is essential for early diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is suspected, a full-thickness lid biopsy is required. Management should then consist of wide excision, with preparation of frozen sections during the operation to ensure tumour-free borders.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Eruptive vellus hair cysts with sebaceous glands.

A patient is described who had eruptive vellus hair cysts with and without sebaceous glands in the cyst walls. An association is suggested between eruptive vellus hair cysts and the condition of steatocystoma multiplex.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Transgenic mice carrying the guinea-pig alpha-lactalbumin gene transcribe milk protein genes in their sebaceous glands during lactation.

We have generated transgenic mice carrying the entire guinea-pig alpha-lactalbumin gene. Lactating transgenic mice expressed high levels of correctly initiated and processed guinea-pig alpha-lactalbumin mRNA in the secretory epithelium of their mammary glands, and secreted guinea-pig alpha-lactalbumin in their milk. Transcripts were detectable after 7 days of pregnancy, indicating that the transgene was under correct hormonal control. Whereas no or negligible transcription was detectable in all other tissues tested, high levels of transcripts were found in the skin of lactating transgenic mice. Guinea-pig alpha-lactalbumin protein was undetectable in the skin, however. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression was localized to the undifferentiated cells in the basal layer of the sebaceous glands. Further studies revealed high levels of endogenous beta-casein mRNA in normal lactating mouse skin, demonstrating that the transcription of milk protein genes in lactating mouse skin is a normal event, and is not peculiar to the transgene. This surprising finding highlights the developmental relationship of the mammary gland to other specialized structures of the skin, supports a role for epithelial-extracellular matrix interactions in the regulation of milk protein gene expression in vivo, and identifies the skin as a particularly accessible model system in which to study the regulation of milk protein gene expression. In addition, the guinea-pig alpha-lactalbumin gene will be a source of regulatory sequences with which to direct heterologous gene expression to the sebaceous glands of transgenic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for sebaceous gland hyperplasia.

Current therapies for sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) have a high risk for adverse effects and recurrence of treated lesions. The theoretic basis for the treatment of SH by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been established. Studies show that 1 hour is sufficient ALA incubation time to achieve clearance, and ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX may be activated with a 585-nm pulsed dye laser device, blue light source, or an intense pulsed light device. Complete clearance may be achieved with one to six treatments; however, long-term recurrence rates are not established. ALA PDT is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of SH lesions of all sizes.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed1996

Elevated levels of the endogenous retrovirus ERV3 in human sebaceous glands.

ERV3 (HERV-R) is a complete human endogenous retrovirus located on the long arm of chromosome 7. Long terminal repeat-envelope (env) gene spliced mRNAs of 9 and 3.5 kb are widely expressed in human tissues and cells, but gag-pol mRNAs have not been found. Furthermore, the env gp70 gene contains an open reading frame throughout its length. The highest expression of ERV3 mRNA detected so far is in placenta and the lowest in choriocarcinoma cell lines. We have previously shown that the human monoblastic cell line U-937 and some normal and neoplastic tissues also express high levels of ERV3 env message by Northern blot analysis; however, this method does not distinguish between mRNA expression in different cell types in tissues. In this report, we have studied the ERV3 mRNA expression in specific cell types of human skin by in situ hybridization. We found high levels expression of ERV3 env mRNA in human sebaceous glands in normal skin and dermoid cysts of the ovary. In all glands, the expression is maximal in the periphery of the lobule and ceases towards the center in the region of characteristic holocrine secretion. Since it is known that the regulation of sebaceous glands is primarily via steroid hormones, particularly androgens, it is possible that expression of ERV3 is hormone dependent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effects of castration and testosterone on Fel dI production by sebaceous glands of male cats: I--Immunological assessment.

Fel dI is produced by salivary and sebaceous glands. Hormonal control of sebum production is clearly established. The influence of cat castration and supplementary treatment with testosterone on the production of sebum and Fel dI in cat skin have been researched in this study. On day 1, 12 male cats were anaesthetized and three skin areas carefully shaven. Then the level of lipids on skin surface was measured by means of a photometric method. Finally, the three areas of skin were washed with 5ml of distilled water through a plastic cylinder. Fel dI collected in the washes was measured with a two-site monoclonal antibody based ELISA. On day 2, six cats were castrated, the other six were used as a control group. Two and 4 weeks later, the levels of lipids and Fel dI in skin washes were measured again in all cats. On day 30, the six castrated cats were injected intramuscularly with prolonged-action testosterone. Two weeks later, quantification of lipids and Fel dI in all animals was repeated. Sebum and Fel dI levels decreased in all castrated animals. Injecting the castrated cats with testosterone led to a significant increase in sebum and Fel dI production. Our findings indicate that Fel dI production is influenced by the production of hormones.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

Increased sebaceous gland activity in the adult rat after alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone treatment during early life.

Sebum secretion was measured in adult female and male rats given alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) during early life. Daily treatment with 40 microgram alpha-MSH/100 gm body weight for the first 5 weeks of life increased sebum secretion in female and male rats at 8, 11, and 15 weeks of age. A lower dose of alpha-MSH (10 microgram/100 gm body weight) produced similar changes in male but not in female rats. No effect on sebum secretion was found in female and male rats aged between 8-28 weeks when alpha-MSH was given (1) from the day of birth to 3 weeks; (2) 3--5 weeks; (3) 1st and 5th weeks and (4) 7--12 weeks. Apparently alpha-MSH must be given throughout the first 5 weeks of life in order to produce a sustained effect on the sebaceous glands. The fact that males appear to be more sensitive than females, in that they responded to a lower dose of alpha-MSH, may indicate that MSH acts by enhancing the response to androgen. Early alpha-MSH treatment failed to alter the sebaceous gland response to testosterone in adult female and male rats but the possibility that alpha-MSH enhances the action of androgen in early life cannot be ruled out.

Age Factors↗