Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STRAMONIUM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Hallucinogenic plant poisoning in children.

Datura is a hallucinogenic plant found in urban or rural areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia KSA. It grows wildly in many parts of the country. Its taste and shape makes it unattractive to both man and animals, though deliberate use by young adults for its hallucinogenic effects have been widely reported for the past 30 years. Datura contains 3 main toxic alkaloids: atropine, scopolamine and hyoscamine. Consumption of any part of the plant can result in severe anticholinergic toxicity. Clinical symptoms are those seen in atropine poisoning, particularly mydriasis and hallucinations. Children have a special susceptibility to atropine toxicity; even small amount may produce central nervous system manifestations. Hospitalization is required for agitation and combative behavior although symptomatic treatment is usually sufficient. We report a case of acute Datura stramonium intoxication in a 6-year-old boy from Khamis Mushayt, KSA, who presented with restlessness, hallucinations and mydriasis 8 hours after ingesting the seeds of Datura plant.

Atropine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jimson weed food poisoning. An epidemic at Usangi rural government hospital.

Ten agitated and psychotic patients were admitted to Usangi hospital after having eaten stiff-porridge (Ugali) made from millet (Serena). This had been bought from the local regional branch of the National Milling Corporation (NMC). The patients had cardinal signs of atropine poisoning, viz., psychosis with hallucinations, tachycardia, fixed dilated pupils and a dry mouth. Toxicological analysis of the food samples revealed contamination with Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds which contained an atropine-like alkaloid. On studying the records of the chief government chemist, it was found that a similar type of food poisoning had occurred in at least eight other regions. The clinical picture and management of this entirely preventable type of agricultural food poisoning are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Large animal hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic plants.

The hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic plants of large domestic animals have been reviewed. The most important ones are those widely distributed as weeds over pastures, negelcted forests and grasslands, those used as ornamentals, the nitrate concentrating forage crops, and the cyanophoric plants. Crotolaria spp, the ragwort (Senecia jacobaea), the lantana spp. and heliotopum are common hepatoxic plants. Amaranthus retroflexus, Datura stramonium, Solanum rostratum, and the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) are nephrotoxic plants.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[A RNA extract from oncogenic and non oncogenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an indispensable element for the induction of tumors in Datura stramomium].

An RNA bound to the reverse transcriptase of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been isolated and shown to be oncogenic for stem tissues of Datura stramonium grown under axenic conditions. The tumorous nature of the cellular change induced by the infectious rna was demonstrated by serial grafts of tumors on Datura stems and by cultivation of tumorous tissue in vitro on a medium without supplemental auxins and cytokinins. Active cellular proliferation within tissues of Datura stems was a prerequisite for expression of the oncogenic potential of the RNA. Further, infectious RNA was isolated from avirulent and attenuated strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens including attenuated derivatives of strain AC58 which have been "heat-cured" of the plasmid associated with virulence. It is proposed that the infectious RNA is an essential but not the sole component of the tumor-inducing mechanism of the crown-gall bacterium.

Cell-Free System↗
PubMed1995

Jimson weed poisoning--Texas, New York, and California, 1994.

Ingestion of Jimson weed (Datura stramonium), which contains the anticholinergics atropine and scopolamine, can cause serious illness or death. Sporadic incidents of intentional misuse have been reported throughout the United States, and clusters of poisonings have occurred among adolescents unaware of its potential adverse effects. This report describes incidents of Jimson weed poisoning that occurred in Texas, New York, and California during June-November 1994.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition of lectin-mediated ovarian tumor cell adhesion by sugar analogs.

Adhesion of A-121 human ovarian carcinoma cells to extracellular matrix is partly mediated via interaction between galaptin, an endogenous beta-galactoside-binding lectin present in extracellular matrix, and specific cell surface carbohydrate receptors identified as lysosomal associated membrane proteins, lamp-1 and lamp-2. In this study, we report that adhesion of human ovarian carcinoma cells to polystyrene plates coated with polymerized human splenic galaptin can be inhibited by polyclonal antibodies raised against lamp-1 and lamp-2 molecules and by pretreatment of A-121 human ovarian carcinoma cells with glucosamine analogs: 2-acetamido-1,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3- deoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-glucopyranose (3-F-GlcNAc) and 2-acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-deoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D-glucopyranose (4-F-GlcNAc). A 48-h exposure of A-121 cells to individual sugar analogs, or to a combination of the two, resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of cellular attachment to polymerized galaptin. Both drugs inhibited glycoprotein biosynthesis as measured by cellular incorporation of labeled [3H]glucosamine and [3H]fucose with negligible effects on [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine incorporation and cell growth. As a result of drug action on glycoprotein biosynthesis, an alteration in the structure of the galaptin receptor was noted by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Moreover, probing gels of cell extracts with anti-lamp antibodies or Datura stramonium lectin demonstrated significant changes in the reactivity and pattern of glycoprotein staining, suggesting an effect of sugar analogs on the glycosylation of various cellular receptor molecules. The greatest change was observed when tumor cells were exposed to a combination of the two sugar analogs. These studies suggest that specific endogenous lectins and their surface receptors play a role in tumor cell adhesion and perhaps metastasis and may serve as suitable targets for therapeutic exploitation.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1997

[Thorn apple poisoning].

A 20-year-old man presented with signs of thornapple intoxication: restlessness, disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, and furthermore dry and red skin and symmetrical dilation of the pupils. Thornapple intoxication mimics atropine intoxication. Thorn apples (Datura stramonium) are seemingly becoming popular as a hallucinogenic drug. When the symptoms are mild gastric lavage leaving active charcoal in the stomach afterwards will suffice. In case of severe symptoms treatment with physostigmine is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dangers of jimson weed and its abuse by teenagers in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia.

Jimson weed (Datura stramonium, a member of the Belladonna alkyloid family) is a plant growing naturally in West Virginia and has been used as a home remedy since colonial times. Due to its easy availability and strong anticholinergic properties, teens are using Jimson weed as a drug. Plant parts can be brewed as a tea or chewed, and seed pods, commonly known as "pods" or "thorn apples," can be eaten. Side effects from ingesting jimson weed include tachycardia, dry mouth, dilated pupils, blurred vision, hallucinations, confusion, combative behavior, and difficulty urinating. Severe toxicity has been associated with coma and seizures, although death is rare. Treatment consists of activated charcoal and gastric lavage. Esmolol or other beta-blocker may be indicated to reduce severe sinus tachycardia. Seizures, severe hypertension, severe hallucinations, and life-threatening arrhythmias are indicators for the use of the anticholinesterase inhibitor, Physostigmine. This article reviews the cases of nine teenagers who were treated in hospitals in the Kanawha Valley after ingesting jimson weed. We hope this article will help alert primary care physicians about the abuse of jimson weed and inform health officials about the need to educate teens about the dangers of this plant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Poisoning with Jimson weed. Five cases treated with physostigmine].

During the autumn of 1995, the National Poisons Information Centre was contacted about several cases of poisoning with Jimson weed (Datura stramonium). Five cases are described here. Upon admission to hospital the patients had moderate to severe anticholinergic symptoms, such as mydriasis, sinus tachycardia, agitation, dry mouth, urine retention, fever, hypertension, hallucinations and seizures. Owing to their agitated behaviour, gastrointestinal decontamination was impossible. Repeated doses of physostigmine (2-3 mg) administered intravenously reversed the anticholinergic features without side-effects. In the most severe case, physostigmine was needed for 18 hours (total dose; 25.5 mg). The patients recovered in a day or two, but mydriasis persisted in many cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Lectin histochemistry of the metathoracic ganglion of the locust Schistocerca gregaria before and after axotomy of the tympanal nerve.

The thoracic ganglia of insects exhibit a highly ordered organization. It seems possible that the information underlying the emergence of this order during development and its maintenance throughout insect life is given via a distinct pattern of molecules distributed within the ganglion. The question we asked was whether the adult insect ganglion is subdivided by the distribution of specific carbohydrates and furthermore whether or not this distribution changes during degeneration and regeneration of neurons. In order to determine the normal carbohydrate distribution, we stained sections of the intact metathoracic ganglion of the locust Schistocerca gregaria with fluorescence-coupled lectins. We succeeded in labeling three sensory neuropil areas with either peanut agglutinin (PNA): Phaseolus vulgaris erythrolectin (PVE), soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), or Vicia villosa agglutinin. Apart from this, PNA, WGA, and succinylated WGA also selectively labeled some neuronal cell bodies, including dorsal unpaired median neurons. Datura stramonium lectin (DSL), Griffonia simplicifolia lectin II, and Solanum tuberosum lectin (STL) bound to glial cells or glia surrounding extracellular matrix. A few lectins stained all structures within the ganglion; some showed no binding at all. In the second part of our study, we tested whether carbohydrates were differentially regulated during transient deafferentation after the axotomy of the tympanal nerve. Binding of PNA and PVE within the auditory neuropil did not change. However, binding of the two glia-associated markers, DSL and STL, clearly differed from that found in intact animals; they bound transiently (day 3-4 until day 10-20 post-surgery) to axonal tracts and neuropils of the axotomized sensory afferents.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1999

Structural studies on sugar chains of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin from patients with alcoholic liver disease using lectin affinity electrophoresis.

It is well-known that microheterogeneity of human serum transferrin observed in alcoholics manifests as sialic acid-deficient transferrin isoforms, otherwise known as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). A recent study demonstrated that serum CDT lacked one or both of the entire carbohydrate chains but the investigation required several troublesome procedures. The aim of the present study was to confirm the sugar chain structures of serum transferrin, and of serum CDT in particular, from patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) using conventional lectin affinity electrophoresis which might be useful in the clinical setting. The serum CDT obtained from ALD-patients was partially purified using an anion exchanger. Serum transferrin and the partially purified serum CDT were investigated by concanavalin A (Con A)- and Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA)-affinity electrophoresis followed by antibody-affinity blotting and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with Western blotting. By Con A-affinity electrophoresis, serum CDT was separated into weakly reactive and nonreactive transferrins which showed slower electrophoretic mobilities than those from the healthy controls. Moreover, nearly all of the serum CDT was nonreactive with DSA. On SDS-PAGE, the molecular masses of serum CDT were estimated to be approximately 75 and 72 kDa, which corresponded to those of partially and completely deglycosylated transferrin obtained from the healthy controls (78 kDa), respectively. In conclusion, these results indicated that the sugar chain structures of serum CDT from patients with ALD show not merely a loss of terminal sialic acids, but also the absence of asparagine-N-linked oligosaccharides.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed2000

Changes of alpha1-acid glycoprotein microheterogeneity in acute inflammation stages analyzed by isoelectric focusing using serum obtained postoperatively.

The relationship between variations of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid, AGP) microheterogeneity detected from isoelectric focusing (IEF) patterns and clinical stage of acute inflammation based on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels was investigated. Serum samples were obtained from healthy subjects, and from patients with esophageal or stomach carcinoma before and after operation. Samples without neuraminidase treatment were used for AGP microheterogeneity analysis, and samples with neuraminidase treatment for AGP heterogeneity analysis. In AGP microheterogeneity, nine bands were detected in the range of pI 3.18-3.57 in sera obtained from healthy subjects. In patients, AGP microheterogeneity changed the first day after operation; the percentage of bands surrounding pI 3.5 increased, and the highest value appeared in sera taken the first or second day after operation and then decreased quickly. These bands showed reactivity for concanavalin A (Con A). The increase in Con A-reactive AGP occurred later than the increase in IL-6, and occurred earlier than the increase in CRP. On the seventh day after operation, the percentage of bands around pI 3.2 increased. These bands showed the reactivity for Datura stramonium agglutinin. On the other hand, in samples with neuraminidase treatment, little change of AGP heterogeneity was observed in most samples, which did not reflect the stage of inflammation. These findings suggested that AGP microheterogeneity detection was a useful marker for the clinical stage of inflammation.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Both cell-surface carbohydrates and protein tyrosine phosphatase are involved in the differentiation of astrocytes in vitro.

Astrocytes are important in the development and maintenance of functions of the CNS, acting in cooperation with neurons and other glial cells. The glycans on astrocyte membrane are believed to play important roles in cell-cell communication. Plant lectins are useful probes, because the lectins can bind to certain cell surface receptors and elicit cellular responses that are normally activated by endogenous ligands for those receptors. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) on astrocytes and characterized several molecular events. The addition of DSA to a culture of flat, polygonal, immature astrocytes derived from the neonatal rat cerebellum caused the cells to become stellate in shape, similar to astrocytes observed in vivo, concomitant with an increase in expression of astrocyte-specific intermediate filament (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) and inhibition of proliferation. These results indicate that DSA binds to astrocytes and triggers differentiation. We also found a decrease in the extent of tyrosine-phosphorylation of a 38-kDa protein. To elucidate the molecular events during astrocyte differentiation, we examined the effects of various signal transduction inhibitors on the transformation from the polygonal to stellate shape (stellation). Interestingly, only tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors, orthovanadate and phenylarsine oxide, showed an inhibitory effect. Our results suggest that DSA induced astrocyte differentiation acts via tyrosine dephosphorylation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Mucous domains: microchemical heterogeneity in the mucociliary complex of the olfactory epithelium.

Access to and clearance of odorants from binding sites on olfactory cilia are regulated by a complex interplay of molecular, physical and cellular factors. These perireceptor events occur primarily in the mucociliary complex. The use of gold-labelled lectinoprobes, one from Limax flavus (LFA) which is specific for terminal sialic acid residues, and one from Datura stramonium (DSA) specific for N-acetylglucosamine residues, demonstrated intricate patterns of binding in mucous domains of the olfactory mucus and ectodomains of the glycocalyx of olfactory cilia. In electron micrographs of Lowicryl-embedded salamander olfactory mucosa, the mucus consisted of an electron-dense domain that lay superficial to an electron-lucent domain; the interface between the two was irregular. A significantly higher density of binding sites for both lectins was present in the superficial than in the deeper domain. The two domains were not homogeneous: there were small electron-lucent domains (hsL) within the superficial electron-dense domain (hsD) that bound a 4.8-fold lower density of gold-labelled DSA than the surrounding matrix, and the olfactory cilia, which project into hsD, were surrounded by an electron-lucent sheath that appeared to be continuous with the deeper domain. Ectodomains of the glycocalyx associated with olfactory cilia exhibited a higher density of binding sites for both LFA and DSA than did either microvilli of sustentacular cells or respiratory cilia. Specificity of the lectinoprobes was confirmed by inhibition of binding with specific sugars or enzymic removal of specific sugar residues. These results demonstrated microchemical heterogeneity of the non-homogeneous mucous domains in olfactory mucus and in the attendant glycocalyx of olfactory cilia based on the differential localization of sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine sugar residues.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The macrophage cell surface glycoprotein F4/80 is a highly glycosylated proteoglycan.

Molecules whose expression is limited to particular leukocyte populations are of interest since they may perform unique functions for these cells. We therefore examined the biochemical nature of the F4/80 molecule, which is expressed solely on macrophage and dendritic cell subpopulations. Our study clearly indicates that post-translational modifications, which can influence both a protein's structural and functional features, constitute a major component of the 160-kDa cell-surface F4/80 molecule. The F4/80 molecule is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain which acquires numerous intramolecular disulfide bonds and requires an extended time period (T1/2 = 60 min) for transport to an endoglycosidase H-resistant form. The F4/80 molecule contains extensive N-linked glycosylation which contributes approximately 40 kDa to the mature molecule. The N-linked carbohydrates are of the branched, complex type, containing repeating N-acetylglycosamine or N-acetyllactosamine units which mediate the reactivity of the F4/80 molecule with Datura stramonium lectin. O-linked glycosylation is also present and contributes approximately 10 kDa to the F4/80 molecule. Furthermore, the sialic acid modifications of the F4/80 molecule are primarily through alpha 2-6 linkages to galactose. Finally, we demonstrate that the F4/80 molecule is a proteoglycan modified by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. In addition to clarifying the nature of the F4/80 molecule biochemically, these post-translational modifications have specific implications for molecular recognition processes. We conclude that the modifications of the F4/80 molecule may mediate cell-cell recognition, cell adhesion, or ligand binding independently of the F4/80 molecule protein core.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Glycosylation of beta-1 integrins in B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells as determinant of differential binding and acquisition of biological activity.

Studying B16-F10 cells we could identify beta-1 integrins as laminin, fibronectin and collagen receptors. Gradient ionic strength elution analysis of affinity chromatography showed differential interactions between laminin-binding beta-1 integrins (two beta-1 polypeptides of 105 and 120 kDa) and fibronectin and collagen-binding beta-1 integrins (elution of one major beta-1 polypeptide of 120 kDa) and their respective ligands. To evaluate this diversity we submitted B16-F10 extracts to IEF and SDS-PAGE and found that one beta-1 integrin formed acidic and larger isoforms, while another formed basic and smaller isoforms. To study this difference we also submitted material eluted from WGA-Sepharose columns to IEF but now only the acidic beta-1 isoform was found. Extracts of B16-F10 treated with neuraminidase showed only the basic beta-1 isoform, suggesting that terminal sialic acid residues may be responsible for this acidic pattern, an interpretation supported by the fact that MAA (Maackia ammurensis agglutinin) reacts only with the acidic isoform. Differential glycosylation of beta-1 integrin isoforms in B16-F10 was also demonstrated since the smaller laminin-binding beta-1 integrin isoform reacted only with GNA (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin), whereas the mature larger form reacted with DSA (Datura stramonium agglutinin) and MAA; thus this heterogeneity of beta-1 chains is essentially due to variable glycosylation. Autoradiography and immunoblotting analysis of material separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis show that only the processed forms of beta-1 integrins are expressed at the cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

WGA-binding, mucin glycoproteins protect the apical cell surface of mouse uterine epithelial cells.

Expression of apical cell surface proteins and glycoproteins was examined in polarized primary cultures of mouse uterine epithelial cells (UEC). Lectin-gold cytochemistry revealed that wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) bound specifically to the components of the apical glycocalyx as well as intracellular vesicles. Double labeling with the pH sensitive dye 3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3'amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP) demonstrated the acidic nature of the WGA-staining intracellular vesicles. The enzymatic and chemical sensitivities of the WGA binding sites on the apical cell surface were monitored both by WGA-gold staining as well as by 125I-WGA binding assays. In thin sections, a large fraction of these sites were removed by pronase; however, application of a wide variety of proteases, glycosidases, or chemical treatments to the apical surface of intact UEC failed to reduce WGA binding. In no case did treatments designed to remove sialic acids reduce 125I-WGA binding more than 12%. In contrast, endo-beta-galactosidase as well as a combination of beta-galactosidase with beta-hexosaminidase succeeded in removing 28% and 77% of these sites, respectively. These studies suggested that the majority of the apically disposed WGA binding sites involved N-acetylglucosamine residues rather than sialic acids and included lactosaminoglycans. Many of the proteins detected at the apical cell surface by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination were WGA-binding glycoproteins. A major class of these glycoproteins displayed Mr > 200 kDa by SDS-PAGE and was heavily labeled metabolically by 3H-glucosamine or by vectorial labeling at the apical cell surface with galactosyl transferase and UDP-3H-galactose. Analyses of the 3H-labeled oligosaccharides labeled by either procedure indicated that a large fraction of the apically disposed WGA-binding oligosaccharides consisted of neutral, O-linked mucin-type structures with median MW of approximately 1,500. Oligosaccharides in this fraction were partially (15%) sensitive to endo-beta-galactosidase digestion and bound to Datura stramonium agglutinin (68%), demonstrating the presence of lactosaminoglycan sequences. UEC were an extremely effective barrier to attachment or invasion by either a highly invasive melanoma cell line, B16-BL6, or implantation-competent mouse blastocysts. In contrast, neither uterine stromal cells nor a non-polarizing UEC cell line, RL95, prevented B16-BL6 attachment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Glycoconjugates in normal and abnormal secondary neurulation.

In chick embryos, the anterior greater portion of the neural tube develops by the folding, apposition, and fusion of the neuroectoderm. The smaller caudal portion that forms the secondary neural tube (lumbosacral and coccygeal regions) is derived from the tail bud, an aggregate of mesenchymal cells located at the caudal limit of the body. Tail bud mesenchyme, arranged in a solid cord, undergoes mesenchymal-epithelial transformation to form the secondary neural tube. Previous evidence suggests that this transformation is accompanied by modulation of cell surface glycoconjugates in the differentiating tissues. In this study, we show by lectin histochemistry and lectin blotting of proteins isolated by SDS-PAGE, that Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) binds preferentially to differentiating tail bud cells. This lectin is specific for beta 1-4-linked N-acetylglucosamine oligomers, such as the oligosaccharides of the poly-N-acetyllactosamine series that have been previously implicated in cell differentiation. Ultrastructural lectin cytochemistry indicates that at least some of the proteins binding DSA are localized extracellularly. The use of DSA as a teratogen resulted in embryos showing a variety of neural tube and notochord defects. We have also examined the binding of DSA to embryos that were treated with teratogenic doses of retinoic acid by sub-blastodermal injection, and find that the DSA-binding patterns are perturbed. Analysis of DSA-treated embryos using the TUNEL technique indicated that cell death was not a factor in DSA teratogenesis. This strongly suggests that the glycoconjugates of the cell surface have a role in the normal differentiation of tail bud mesenchyme into the neuroepithelium of the secondary neural tube. Perturbations of glycoconjugate activity results in defects of the secondary neural tube and associated tail bud derivatives.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗