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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Immunotherapy in bee-sting anaphylaxis. Use of honeybee venom.

After nine months of immunotherapy with commercially prepared wholebody bee extract, a beekeeper's wife experienced anaphylaxis after a controlled bee-sting challenge. High risk of future bee stings prompted a decision to attempt desensitization with honeybee venom. This was extracted from the bee into Coca solution and administered parenterally in increasing daily doses until an equivalent of one venom sac was given per day. This maintenance dosage was continued for a month. Anaphylaxis did not occur after another bee-sting challenge. Therapy has been maintained with venom. With this treatment, there has been an increase in the level of IgG-blocking antibody and a fall in IgE titer to bee venom (radioallergosorbent test [RAST]).

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Wasp venom is appropriate for immunotherapy of patients with allergic reaction to the European hornet sting.

AIM: To identify whether it is the yellow jacket (Vespula germanica) or European hornet (Vespa crabro) venom that induces sensitization in patients with IgE-mediated allergic reaction to the venom from the sting of a European hornet. Since these patients usually have positive skin tests and specific IgE to all vespid venoms, it would be useful to distinguish cross-reactors from non-cross-reactors to perform immunotherapy with the venom that induced the sensitization. METHODS: We performed inhibition tests in 24 patients who had experienced anaphylactic reaction after being stung by a European hornet. RESULTS: Of 24 patients with allergic reaction after Vespa crabro sting, 17 were sensitized only to epitopes of Vespula germanica venom. Only 4 out of 24 patients were sensitized to epitopes completely cross-reactive with Dolichovespula arenaria venom. CONCLUSION: In Slovenia, the vast majority of patients with anaphylactic reaction to Vespa crabro sting seem to be sensitized to Vespula germanica venom. We consider wasp venom an appropriate immunotherapeutic agent for such patients, except for those with proven primary sensitization to specific epitopes of Vespa crabro venom. Fluorescence enzyme immunoassay inhibition should be considered a convenient tool for the identification of primary sensitization in patients allergic to vespid venoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Wasp sting induced neurological manifestations.

Wasp stings generally cause local reactions like pain, wheal, flare, edema and swelling, which are generally self-limiting. Multiple stings can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, generalized edema, dyspnea, hypotension, collapse, renal failure or death. Unusually, they may cause serum sickness, vasculitis, neuritis or encephalitis. We report a case of a 40 year old male who developed focal neurological deficit 10 hours following a wasp sting, which was confirmed to be ponto-cerebellar infarction on MRI scan, and recovered within five days.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Scorpion stings in an area of Nordeste de Amaralina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil].

An epidemiological study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of individuals who referred scorpion sting accidents in a population sample from Areal, a neighborhood northeast of Amaralina, Salvador City, State of Bahia, Brazil. A random, systematic sample of 1,367 individuals was taken, corresponding to 44.4% of the total population. Eighty-two residents referred scorpion sting since they were resident in Areal, giving a prevalence coefficient of 6% (95% CI 4.7 - 7.3). The prevalence of persons stung by scorpions increased according to greater time spent in the domicile and more advanced age. It was remarkable that 92.7% of the scorpions stings occurred within the home. The incidence coefficient estimated for the most recent period of time (January to July, 2000) was 1.15 cases/1,000 inhabitants per month, comparable to the highest ever reported for an epidemic area.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatal reactions to hymenoptera stings.

Previous studies measuring immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in postmortem sera for determining the cause of fatal anaphylaxis have reported only single cases or small groups. Recently, more attention has been paid to reports of patients with venom allergies who are negative by venom skin testing, by in vitro testing or by both tests. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of postmortem-specific IgE antibody testing in venom anaphylactic death and the range of antibody levels found. Radioallergosorbent testing was performed on sera from three groups: 51 anaphylactic deaths from insect stings, 20 anaphylactic/anaphylactoid deaths from food and drugs, and 31 control subjects. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, and receiver operating characteristic curve. The sera in the sting death group were significantly different from the other two groups, which were not statistically different from each other. The maximal sensitivity of the radioallergosorbent test was 90% at 0.35 ng/mL, and the optimal sensitivity was 73% with a specificity of 86% at 0.54 ng/mL. IgE antibody could not be detected in 10% of the sting death sera and levels from 0.35 to 0.65 ng/mL were found in 24%. The level of specific IgE antibodies against venoms is not predictive of the severity of anaphylactic reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Animal sting and bites].

Under the heading of this subject we deal with stings by arthropods, making reference to the differences that exist between the stings of wasps and bees, commenting on the composition of the poisons and the different local and general reactions that are caused by such stings. Also discussed are the stings/bites caused by scorpions, spiders, ticks, and marine animals, with the clinical picture they provoke and the treatment that must be administered. Finally, snakebites are considered, with reference to the most frequent types of ophidia to be found in Navarra, how to differentiate between the bites of snakes and vipers, the different clinical pictures they provoke and the treatment to be applied

Humans↗
PubMed1992

A retrospective study on scorpion sting in a pediatric age group in a hospital in Calcutta.

During 1985-1989, in Calcutta Medical College Hospitals, of 152 children of 1-6 year age group admitted with the history of scorpion sting 18 (11.8%) died. Maximum numbers of stings were inflicted in the fingers. Important clinical features recorded were circulatory failure, breathlessness, profuse sweating, vomiting, local oedema and convulsion. Incidences of scorpion stings were much more frequent in the summer and rainy seasons than in the winter season.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Increased incidence of stings in venom-sensitive patients.

We compared the histories of 29 venom-sensitive and 28 control subjects who were selected from our venom referral and general allergy clinics respectively. The variables in the study included insect avoidance knowledge, the number of stings during the previous 2 years, insects involved, and time spent out of doors per week. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age. All venom-sensitive patients were well versed in avoidance techniques while only 3 of 28 controls (11%) claimed such knowledge. Venom-sensitive subjects were stung almost ten times more frequently than control subjects. Wasp stings were the most common, followed by yellow jacket, honey bee, and hornet. The venom-sensitive patients also reported spending a greater amount of time outdoors (x 17.4 hours versus x 11.8, P < .05). An analysis of covariance showed that this difference in outdoor exposure was insufficient to account for the disparity in the number of stings. We conclude that other factors such as intrinsic attractants must be responsible for this phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Systemic reactions to hymenoptera stings: epidemiologic study of 100 forestry department agents].

An epidemiological study on the prevalence rate of systemic reactions among forestry workers exposed to hymenoptera stings was performed. A sample of 100 Forestry Department Agents was studied using a questionnaire with the purpose of evaluating the prevalence rate of systemic reactions due to hymenoptera stings. From the questionnaire it was found that 78 (78.0%) of the subjects had histories of Hymenoptera stings and 5.0% had experienced systemic reactions. In conclusion, we found that the percentage of systemic reactions was relatively higher than that in the general population previously reported (0.3-3.3%). Efforts should be made for the sake of these Hymenoptera hypersensitive workers to popularize venom immunotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A case of fatal biphasic anaphylaxis secondary to multiple stings: adrenalin and/or a longer observation time could have saved the patient?

We report the case of an atopic male, 76 years old, with post-myocardial infarction ischaemic cardiopathy, arterial hypertension and a history of insect-sting induced large local reactions who died because of a biphasic anaphylaxis subsequent to multiple Vespid stings (about 15). Within approximately ten minutes after the stings he developed urticaria, extended erythema and hypotension (90/60 mmHg), measured by a family member. The objective physical examination by the emergency doctor at the patient's home revealed an orticarioid reaction and erythema of the back and neck, an unaffected respiratory apparatus and CNS, normal pupils, a pulse rate of 74, normal blood pressure ranging from 120/70 to 130/60 mmHg. The patient was administered antihistamine and corticosteroid through parenteral route. During the 45' observation period at the patient's home the urticaria subsided but not to completion. Approximately 40 minutes after the emergency doctor left, the urticaria reoccurred, angioedema of the neck and worsening asthenia developed. The patient died, despite attempts to resuscitate him by the emergency doctor that had been called out again. A post-mortem examination revealed generalised eodema of the lungs, brain, glottis, and bowels due to the severe characteristic systemic compromise of anaphylaxis. The Authors discuss whether an early use of adrenalin and/or a longer observation time could have saved the patient.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scorpion stings: a public health problem in Morelos (Mexico)].

Scorpion stings represent a major public health problem in Mexico. Their annual incidence is estimated at 150,000 cases; 800-1,000 people die from them each year, 72.5% of whom are children younger than 5 years old. The states most affected are Aguascalientes, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, and Zacatecas. Morelos is an endemic zone, and scorpion stings are relatively frequent, but the indigenous population underestimates the risks. In this locality, scorpion stings lead to high morbidity, with an average of 10,219 cases each year, and a prevalence varying from 584.86 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1994 to 2043.3 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2003. Because of this upsurge, systematic medical supervision and serum therapy are necessary if scorpion poisoning is suspected in a child. The indigenous community as well as tourists visiting Mexico must be informed about the substantial risk of scorpion poisoning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A new Soviet allergen made from bee venom for the specific diagnosis of allergic reactions to bee stings].

Overall 46 patients with allergic reactions to bee stings were examined. As a result of making skin prick, scarification and intracutaneous tests with an allergen from bee venom, allergy to bee stings was revealed in all the 46 patients, whereas only 37 patients responded to an allergen from the bee body. Specific IgE-antibodies using RAST were detected in 29 out of 31 patients. All the 29 patients had positive skin tests with an allergen from bee venom and only 22 with an allergen from the bee body. Specific histamine release was detected in all 13 patients examined by means of the indicated test. 100% coincidence was recorded with the results of intracutaneous tests with an allergen from bee venom. Only 11 out of the 13 patients had positive intracutaneous tests with an allergen from the bee body. Thus, the new Soviet allergen obtained from bee venom is effective in the diagnosis of allergy in response to bee stings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Consecutive stings by red scorpions evoke severe cardiovascular manifestations in the first, but not in the second, victim: a clinical observation.

Three pairs of scorpion sting victims ((1) daughter and mother, (2) brother and sister and (3) brother and sister) were admitted. In each pair, both were stung by the same scorpion. A patients from each pair were the first stung (initial sting), B patients the second. All A victims of the three pairs had cardiovascular manifestations: hypertension, with pulmonary oedema; hypotension-bradycardia, pulmonary oedema; and hypertension respectively. B victims from the three pairs suffered no systemic or cardiovascular involvement, only severe excruciating local pain at the sting site. It is concluded that A victims received a large dose of venom, injected by the scorpion virtually evacuating the telson resulting in an 'autonomic storm' and severe cardiovascular involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of severe reactions to sweat bee stings.

Thirteen patients with severe reactions to sweat bee stings were evaluated. Eleven patients had had systemic reactions and two, large local reactions. Skin testing and RAST with venom of other Hymenoptera and whole body extract of sweat bees disclosed negative reactions to both skin tests and RAST of all other insects tested in eight, while three showed sensitivity to honey bee. Only one patient had a positive RAST reaction to whole body extract of sweat bee. Whole body extract of sweat bee causes some irritant reaction when skin testing controls and is not a reliable diagnostic agent even though patients were more reactive than controls. Hypersensitivity reactions to sweat bee stings are distinct and not associated with reactions to other stinging insects. Currently, no reliable antigen is commercially available for diagnosing or treating this condition. Sweat bee venom or other venom antigens might be beneficial.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ant, bee, and wasp stings.

Stinging insect envenomation and allergy remain important clinical and research problems. Approximately 40 deaths occur annually as a result of these stings. The dermatologist can help to avoid this outcome by appropriate recognition of the offending insect and by instituting or arranging the appropriate therapy and avoidance. Bee-sting kits should be encouraged for sensitive individuals. Dermatologists should be alert to the increasing imported fire ant problem, be able to make the diagnosis, and help the patient recognize and avoid these pesky arthropods.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The basophil degranulation test in the diagnosis of Hymenoptera sting allergy].

In 98 patients with a suspected immediate type allergy to hymenoptera stings, skin tests (ST) with venom extracts, RAST determinations of venom specific serum IgE antibodies and basophil degranulation tests (BDT) with unwashed leukocytes were performed. BDT is a technically simple in-vitro method for detecting cell fixed IgE without risk for the patient. The specificity of BDT was investigated in a group of 10 controls not allergic to insect stings, of whom 7 were atopics. A good correlation could be demonstrated between BDT and the histamine release test (HRT), which was performed in the Institute for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inselspital, Bern. For the detection of a sensitization to insect venoms, ST with venom extracts were the most sensitive, followed by RAST and BDT; in patients whose allergic sting reactions dated back some time BDT was more frequently positive than RAST, which measures excessive serum IgE and not cell bound IgE responsible for the clinical symptomatology. As BDT--in the presence of patient serum--reflects the influences of different humoral (specific IgE, specific IgG) and cellular factors ("releasability"), it seems more appropriate to the actual clinical allergy situation than ST or RAST. Some case reports are presented to illustrate this. However, BDT does not represent an alternative to ST or RAST but a significant complement in diagnostically unclear cases and an aid in deciding to start specific venom immunotherapy, if history, ST and RAST are not sufficient. An appropriate score system ist proposed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cold packs: effective topical analgesia in the treatment of painful stings by Physalia and other jellyfish.

A study has shown that, when applied to Physalia ("bluebottle") jellyfish stings, cold packs are effective as topical analgesia in the relief of mild-to-moderate skin pain. The application of ice also has been shown to be effective for topical analgesia in a number of other jellyfish stings, including by Cyanea ("hair jellyfish"), Tamoya sp. ("Moreton Bay stinger" or "fire jelly") and Carybdea rastoni ("jimble") as well as by Physalia. In the current state of knowledge, cold packs or ice are recommended as the first-aid treatment for jellyfish stings with local skin pain.

Animals↗