Sarcoidosis of the cervical spinal canal: case report.
A patient with sarcoidosis presenting as an intradural extramedullary space-occupying lesion in the cervical spinal canal is described.
Adult↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “SPINAL CANAL”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Congenital displacement of temporal cortex into the central spinal canal.
This is a report of the first recorded observation of displacement of temporal cortex into the central spinal canal in an infant with Arnold Chiari malformation, platybasia, aqueductal atresia, hydrocephalus and meningomyelocele. The combination of an absent right cerebellar hemisphere and malformed fourth ventricular roof provided the anatomical background for this unique event.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗
Endoscopic resection of cystic lesions in the lumbar spinal canal: a report of two cases.
We report excellent outcomes in two patients with cystic lesions in the lumbar spinal canal who underwent resection using the METRx micro-endoscopic discectomy (MED) system. Pathological examinations revealed the diagnoses of a synovial cyst and a discal cyst, respectively. Both of them were allowed to walk the next day after surgery with complete pain relief. Micro-endoscopic surgery provides excellent visualization of the spinal canal and allows minimally invasive removal of the pathological lesions. This technique can be an effective alternative to conventional open surgery for cystic lesions in the lumbar spine.
Adult↗
[A report on the syndroma of narrow spinal canal at congenital chondrodystrophy (author's transl)].
It is reported on a case of congenital chondrodystrophy associated with a narrow spinal canal. The difficulties in diagnosis are pointed out and electromyography is marked to enlarge the diagnostic possibilities in such patients. In cases with clinical signs of spinal--or nerve nerve root compression, complete laminectomy is indicated.
Adult↗
Osteochondroma in the lumbar spinal canal causing sciatic pain: report of two cases.
A search of the English-language medical literature found only two cases in which expansion of an osteochondroma into the lumbar spinal canal caused sciatica. We report another two cases of spinal nerve root compression by solitary lumbar spinal canal osteochondromas: in a 56-year-old man and a 55-year-old woman with no history of hereditary multiple exostoses. Osteochondromas compressing the spinal nerve root were seen at the inferior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae by computed tomography (CT), three-dimensional reconstruction of CT scans, myelography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The symptoms disappeared after surgical removal of the lesions. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of benign osteochondroma.
Female↗
Protrusion of calcified cervical discs into the spinal canal in children. A report of two cases.
The occurrence of calcified discs with large calcified masses protruding into the spinal canal in two children is reported. The discs affected had increased height in the acute stage. Air myelogram, performed in one case with muscular weakness in the hand demonstrated compression of the spinal cord. The condition improved on conservative treatment without sequelae in both cases.
Calcinosis↗
Morphological study of the spinal canal content for subarachnoid endoscopy.
STUDY DESIGN AND OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to examine the morphology of the spinal dural sac and contents, using magnetic resonance imaging in order to define the inner geometrical dimensions that confine the manoeuvre of an endoscope inserted in the lumbar region and along the thoracic and cervical spine. BACKGROUND: The morphology of the spine has been studied since the development of myelography. However, most studies have measured the diameters of the spinal cord only, not the size of the subarachnoid space. In addition, the few studies available on the subarachnoid space have focused on the cervical spine, leaving a near-complete dearth of data on the subarachnoid space dimensions along the thoracic spine. METHODS: Based on MRI images of the spine from 42 patients, the dimensions of the spinal cord, dural sac, and subarachnoid space were measured at mid-vertebral and inter-vertebral disc levels. RESULTS: It was found that at each selected transverse level, the subarachnoid space tends to be symmetrical on the right and left sides of the cord, and measures 2.5 mm on average. However, the posterior and anterior segments, measured on the mid-sagittal plane, are generally asymmetrical and vary widely in size, ranging from 1 to 5 mm. These measurements match those found in previous studies, where these are available. The coefficient of variance for the dimensions of the subarachnoid space is as high as 42.4%, while that for the dimensions of the spinal cord is 10-15%. CONCLUSIONS: The findings presented here expand our knowledge of the spinal canal's morphology, and show that an endoscope designed to travel within the subarachnoid space must be smaller than 2.5 mm in diameter.
Adolescent↗
Vacuum phenomenon within the cervical spinal canal: CT demonstration of a herniated disc.
Gas within the cervical spinal canal in association with a surgically proven herniated disc is demonstrated by computed tomography. Although rarely seen and never previously reported, this unmistakable roentgen sign provides strong evidence for a herniated disc in the cervical as well as lumbar spine.
Cervical Vertebrae↗
Computer tomography of the spinal canal using metrizamide.
Eleven patients have been examined by whole body CT employing the EMI CT 5000 following lumbar injection of 10 ml of metrizamide (Amipaque) 170 mg I/ml. The distribution, flow and dilution of the contrast medium have been investigated. The results suggest that whilst metrizamide is necessary in the spinal canal to demonstrate the neural axis and pathologic processes affecting it, it appears to enter the extracellular space of the spinal cord during the first hour and achieves an equilibrium in the subarachnoid space and spinal cord from 3 to 6 hours. The medium may concentrate in a second compartment, possibly intracellular, from 3 to 6 hours. The effect of spectral filtering by metrizamide on the attenuation values of the spinal cord has been modelled and shown not to be significant at the anticipated dilution of the medium in the cerebrospinal fluid space and the spinal canal.
Humans↗
Cervical sagittal spinal canal size in spine injury.
This study investigated the relationship between cervical spine sagittal canal diameter and neurologic injury in cases of spinal fracture-dislocation. A group of 98 patients with such injuries was reviewed; 45 had no neurologic deficits, 39 had incomplete quadriplegia, and 14 had complete quadriplegia. Spinal canal sagittal diameter was measured in all, and large diameter and small canals were defined. Small diameter canals were correlated significantly with neurologic injury, while large diameter canals allowed protection from neurologic injury in cervical fracture dislocation.
Adult↗
Aneurysm in the cervical spinal canal.
The clinical course of an adult patient suffering from a very rare condition of an expanding aneurysm in the cervical spinal canal is described. This case was followed-up and fully documented from the commencement of the first symptoms to the ultimate result after successful surgery.
Aged↗
Comparison of myelography combined with postmyelographic spinal CT and MRI in suspected metastatic disease of the spinal canal.
Comparison between myelography (MY) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out in 36 patients with clinical suspicion of spinal cord or root compression due to metastatic disease in the spinal canal. In 3 patients metastatic lesions were visualized on MY but not on MRI, while there were no cases with a negative MY and a positive MRI. In 44% of the cases MY alone or combined with postmyelographic CT (pm-CT) showed a larger tumor extension than did MRI, while the opposite occurred in 25%. As for detection of bony metastases and tumor masses localized outside the spine there was no difference between MRI and MY + pm-CT. The results indicate that the choice between MRI and MY + pm-CT still can be based on the availability and quality of the procedure at a given institution.
Adult↗
Quantitative assessment of the normal adult spinal canal at the fourth lumbar vertebra by computed tomography.
We reviewed the computed tomographic (CT) studies of 105 adults with various complaints. Spinal canal diameters were measured by CT using both the conventional and Jones-Thomson (JT) techniques at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. The data were statistically assessed in an attempt to define spinal stenosis.
Adult↗
Measurement of spinal canal diameters in young subjects with lumbosacral transitional vertebra.
Despite the high prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV), little is known about the biomechanics of this condition. In addition, as previous studies have focused solely on symptomatic and elderly LSTV patients, the relationship between LSTV and congenital or developmental spinal stenosis remains uncertain. In the present study, the spinal canal diameters were measured in young subjects in whom degenerative changes have not yet become significant. Seventeen young adults with LSTV and 24 normal controls were included in this study. The spinal canal sagittal diameter, interpedicular distance, interfacet distance and lateral recess diameter were measured using CT scans. There was no significant difference in the measured values between the two groups. In conclusion, the results indicate that there is no relationship between LSTV and a congenitally narrower canal.
Adolescent↗
Anatomy of the extradural compartments of the lumbar spinal canal. Peridural membrane and circumneural sheath.
The development of newer and more accurate methods of identifying the structures within the spinal canal has given a much better understanding of the soft tissue structures that lie between the dura and the surrounding bone of the vertebral canal. One anatomic structure of special importance, but seldom spoken of, is the peridural membrane. Although it was mentioned in the writings of Fick14 as early as 1904, it was Dommissee12,13 who first described it accurately and who named it the peridural membrane. It appears to be a homologue of the periosteum. There is no periosteum at any point on the bone where this membrane is located . Spine surgeons have frequently noticed that, after removing a nuclear fragment that has extruded and crept upward or downward and has come to lie over the vertebral body, one sees only rough periosteum-free bone where the fragment had been lying. Premembranous hematomas may develop because a small fragment of nuclear material has extruded out at the rim of the vertebra, anterior to the attachment of the PLL, and in tearing loose may have caused bleeding. This fragment of nuclear material may creep upward or downward over the vertebral body. There may be a pool of blood around it. Hematomas are usually on one side or the other but can lie midline, because the bony ridge down the center of the posterior surface of the vertebral body is not always complete. In other words, there are gaps in it , and it is through these gaps or by actually lifting the deep PLL-membrane complex that the nuclear material or blood can pass, giving a midline mass seen on MR imaging. The plexus of veins in the body of the peridural membrane and penetrating it posteriorly in many places is part of Batson's plexus. They were first described by Willis38 in 1663. In recent years Dommissee13 and Crock8 have made major contributions to our understanding of these vessels. It is interesting to note that if a degenerated disk is injected with a mixture of barium, dye, and gelatin and radiographs are taken, it is seen that, in most cases, Batson's veins have filled. If the disk is not degenerated and does not take more than a few milliliters of this mixture, then Baxton's veins do not fill. It is very likely that these veins fill whenever we do diskography on anything beyond a moderately degenerated disk but we do not see them on the fluoroscope because the contrast is not dense enough and by the time we get around to taking permanent radiographs, the contrast has long since disappeared into the venous circulation. In the cadaver, the blood is not flowing so the gelatin with barium has time to set in veins. Interestingly, if contrast is injected into vertebral body by simply driving a needle through the cortex of the vertebral body, Batson's veins fill with contrast in the same way. The sheath surrounding the spinal nerves out lateral to the foramina was not well known until Kikuchi19 described it in 1982. He gave a very accurate description of it and called it the epiradicular sheath. The problem with calling it by this name is that it surrounds a true mixed peripheral nerve and not a radicule (root). Because of this, we propose the name circumneural sheath. It should be noted that there already is an epineural sheath, which is the outermost covering of peripheral nerves. There is also a perineural sheath and an endoneurium. These names have been used for nearly 100 years. The segment of spinal nerve commencing at the dura and ending just beyond the ganglion is commonly called a nerve root. It actually consists of two nerve roots, a motor and sensory, inside a sleeve of dura. At a point just beyond the ganglion the two roots blend together and become a typical mixed peripheral nerve. At this same point the dural sleeve becomes adherent to the nerve and henceforth is called the epineurium. For this 1- to 2- cm segment of spinal nerve from the dura to just beyond the ganglion we propose the name dural root sleeve. After all, it is a sleeve, it is made of dura, and it covers two nerve roots.
Adult↗
[Sonographic determination of spinal canal width. Comparison of computed tomography, myelography and conventional roentgen study of the lumbar spine].
Sonographic evaluation of the width of the spinal canal is inferior compared to CT or myelography, concerning accuracy and especially quantity of information received. The advantage of sonography is the lacking of X-ray exposure, the non-invasive procedure and the low cost of apparatus and operational time. For these reasons sonography is favoured as a screening method in detecting spinal canal stenosis in a group whose handicap was largely occupational or sport-related.
Female↗
[A new surgical treatment for lumbar spinal canal stenosis].
Using the method of Assessment of Treatment for Low Back Pain by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, 159 cases of lumbar spinal canal stenosis treated between 1977 and 1988 were analyzed. Although walking ability was satisfactorily improved, low back pain, numbness, sensory disturbance, motor disturbance, and ability to lift heavy objects showed relatively poor improvement. Lumbar complaints remained in some of the cases radiographically evaluated as having worsened lumbar lordosis or an unbalanced range of motion. The improvement ratio was 82.6% on average, but it was 74.3% among cases that underwent wide laminectomy (non-fusion) due mainly to such nonspecific complaints as a feeling of heaviness in the lumbar region. The ratio increased to 88.5% after the introduction of wide fenestration with spinous process flap for conservation of the posterior component. Since this technique provides a wide operative field at a low risk for the occurrence of postoperative instability, it is strongly recommended for the treatment of degenerative multiple spinal canal stenosis.
Adult↗
[Non-bony lumbar stenosis treated by excision of limited lamina and enlargement of spinal canal: a report of 45 cases].
In the treatment of 45 cases with non-bony lumbar stenosis, we adopted remain of spinal process and supraspinal ligament, excision of limited lamina and ligament flavum, enlargement of spinal canal. Follow-up of 40 cases showed 31 were excellent, 7, good and 2 poor. Satisfactory results were obtained in 95% of the cases: non-bony lumbar stenosis considered a type of acquired lumbar stenosis. Clinically, it was characterized by claudication. Diagnosis of the disease mainly depends on dynamic flexion-extension myelography. The advantages of this method include excision of spinal canal soft tissue which compressed nerve, small damage of bone structure, recover of the patients and lumbar stability.
Adult↗