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PubMed2026

Exploring shared biomarkers and their mechanisms in thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus via bioinformatics analysis.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disorder, is linked to a heightened risk of multiple malignancies, including thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignancy of the endocrine system, and its autoimmune-related pathological features render it an optimal subject for investigating the mechanisms of their comorbidity. The molecular mechanisms underlying this comorbidity are still ambiguous. The accurate diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer urgently necessitate innovative molecular targets that extend beyond conventional pathological characteristics. This study seeks to employ integrated bioinformatics approaches to elucidate potential shared molecular mechanisms and immunological features between thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), aiming to enhance understanding of their comorbidity and identify novel intervention targets. METHODS: This study initially acquired gene expression data for TC and SLE from the GEO database and subsequently screened and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both diseases. Subsequently, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome functional enrichment analyses on these 46 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and further assessed the activation status of pertinent pathways using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Subsequently, we employed CIBERSORTx to examine immune infiltration patterns and developed protein-protein interaction networks utilising the STRING database. We identified hub genes utilising the MCODE and cytoHubba plugins and visualised the findings with Cytoscape software. We additionally assessed the diagnostic efficacy of these core hub genes in an independent dataset utilising ROC curves and investigated their prognostic relevance in thyroid cancer through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Ultimately, we employed the Network Analyst platform to forecast transcription factor-gene and miRNA-gene regulatory networks and identified potential targeted therapeutic compounds utilising the DSigDB database. RESULTS: This study identified 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) commonly linked to thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which were significantly enriched in signalling pathways associated with immune-inflammatory activation, type I interferon responses, and complement pathway activation. Moreover, GSEA findings validated that immune-inflammatory and autoimmune-related pathways are markedly activated in both conditions. Twelve hub genes were discerned through protein-protein interaction networks. Analysis of immune infiltration indicated that thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus exhibit a shared characteristic of innate immune dysregulation, marked by the infiltration of myeloid cells (neutrophils, M0/M2 macrophages). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified six significant core hub genes with substantial diagnostic value: C1QB, LCN2, C1QC, LTF, VSIG4, and C3AR1. Univariate survival analysis indicated that elevated expression of C1QC and C3AR1 significantly enhances overall survival in thyroid cancer patients; however, multivariate COX regression analysis revealed that their independent prognostic significance necessitates further validation. This study predicted the interaction networks of transcription factors and miRNAs regulating key genes, with LCN2 demonstrating the highest connectivity to miRNAs, and identified candidate therapeutic compounds linked to it. CONCLUSION: This study employed bioinformatics analysis to identify critical shared hub genes and molecular pathways connecting thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus, offering novel insights into their shared pathogenesis and the advancement of targeted biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.

Bioinformatics analysis↗
PubMed1992

Survival enhancement through food sharing: a means for parental control of natal dispersal.

The value of food sharing among relatives is analyzed for a situation where fitness equals survival. In seasonal environments the minimum food abundance may set a limit to group living. Delayed dispersal is predicted to be linked to relaxed winter competition and high parental survival. Enhanced survival for the offspring when parents share food could be a sufficient reason to delay dispersal, while early dispersal in advance of food shortage periods may be induced by a competitive relationship. At low resource abundance dominant parents do best by being competitive and retaining all resources. For food abundance higher than the expected requirements food sharing with independent offspring is possible, although it has a non-zero cost. Food sharing parents still retain most of resources to themselves, but the resource share given to subordinate offspring gradually gets larger when food abundance increases. Except for at very low food abundance, where subordinates may adopt a "suicidal" behaviour and cede their resources to the dominant, there is a conflict over how to share the resources.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Unequal placental sharing and birth weight discordance in monochorionic diamniotic twins.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the association between unequal placental sharing and birth weight discordance in monochorionic/diamniotic twin pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: The study comprised a prospective cohort of monochorionic/diamniotic twin pregnancies who were delivered in Kaiser Permanente-Northern California, 1997-2003. Dye injection studies of fresh postpartum placentas were performed. Placental sharing, cord insertion combinations, vascular anastomoses, gestational age, and birth weights were recorded. Statistical comparisons of birth weight and gestational age were made with the Student t test. Rates of birth weight discordance were compared with the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression models analyzed the relationship between variables of interest. RESULTS: Mean birth weights for larger and smaller twins were 2400 g and 2109 g, respectively. Twenty-two percent of the monochorionic/diamniotic twin pairs had birth weight discordance > or = 20%, and 8% of these pairs had twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Monochorionic/diamniotic twin pairs with unequal placental sharing had a 9.8 times greater likelihood of birth weight discordance (95% CI, 5.4-17.9) as compared with those pairs with equal placental sharing. CONCLUSION: Unequal placental sharing is a significant risk factor for birth weight discordance in monochorionic/diamniotic twins. Antenatal diagnosis of unequal placental sharing would enable improved counseling in the setting of monochorionic/diamniotic twins.

Amnion↗
PubMed2007

Information-sharing among couples considering multifetal pregnancy reduction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the information-sharing strategies of couples considering fetal reduction, and the impact of these strategies on the chances of encountering hostility in their social networks. DESIGN: Cross-sectional design of semistructured qualitative interviews, coded with respect to sharing strategies and level of personally directed hostility encountered. SETTING: Multiple Pregnancy Management Program, Comprehensive Genetics, New York, New York. PATIENT(S) AND INTERVENTION(S): Fifty women and their partners who were making a first visit to our maternal-fetal management facility, in order to consider the possibility of multifetal reduction as a pregnancy-management strategy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Development of information-sharing strategies, and the chances of encountering personally directed hostility regarding multifetal reduction associated with more and less selective strategies. RESULT(S): Four information-sharing strategies emerged from the analysis. Two of these strategies were relatively open (extended network, and both parents). Two other strategies were relatively selective (qualified family and friends, and defended relationship). The selective strategies were significantly less likely to encounter to encounter personally directed hostility (odds ratio, 3.88; 95% confidence intervals, 0.87-17.30). CONCLUSION(S): Selective sharing of information for couples considering multifetal prgnancy reduction is a potentially useful strategy for moderating potentially stressful relationships in their social networks. Clinics should find a way of integrating the discussion of selective sharing into their clinic's cultural repertoire of patient-support services.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

Shared decision-making in an intercultural context. Barriers in the interaction between physicians and immigrant patients.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this exploratory paper is to describe several barriers in shared decision-making in an intercultural context. METHODS: Based on the prevailing literature on intercultural communication in medical settings, four conceptual barriers were described. When the conceptual barriers were described, they were compared with the results from semi-structured interviews with purposively selected physicians (n = 18) and immigrant patients (n = 13). Physicians differed in medical discipline (GPs, company doctors, an internist, a cardiologist, a gynaecologist, and an intern) and patients had different ethnic and immigration backgrounds. RESULTS: The following barriers were found: (1) physician and patient may not share the same linguistic background; (2) physician and patient may not share similar values about health and illness; (3) physician and patient may not have similar role expectations; and (4) physician and patient may have prejudices and do not speak to each other in an unbiased manner. CONCLUSION: We conclude that due to these barriers, the transfer of information, the formulation of the diagnosis, and the discussion of treatment options are at stake and the shared decision-making process is impeded. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Improving physician's skills to recognize the communication limitations during shared decision-making as well as improving the skills to deal with the barriers may help to ameliorate shared decision-making in an intercultural setting.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMed2026

Shared genetic architecture between major depression and intrinsic brain functional connectome organization.

BACKGROUND: Major depression (MD) is increasingly understood as a disorder characterized by widespread abnormalities in intrinsic brain functional network organization. Although both MD and brain functional connectome architecture are highly heritable, the genetic architecture underlying their relationship remains poorly characterized. METHODS: We integrated genome-wide association studies of MD with 191 ICA-based resting-state functional connectome traits to investigate their shared genetic architecture. These traits captured intrinsic connectome organization across amplitude, functional connectivity, and global connectivity domains. Cross-trait genetic analyses were used to assess pleiotropic overlap between traits. Locus-level and gene-based analyses integrating multi-omics evidence were performed to characterize the biological relevance of shared genetic signals. RESULTS: We identified significant genetic overlap between MD and 148 of 191 brain functional connectome traits. Cross-trait analyses revealed widespread shared genetic signals organized into 627 genomic loci across amplitude, functional connectivity, and global connectivity measures. Among these, 193 loci showed evidence consistent with shared causal variants based on colocalization analyses. Gene-level integration mapped these loci to 1459 protein-coding genes (390 unique genes). Multi-layer prioritization identified 17 high-confidence genes supported by convergent genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic evidence, with enrichment in neurodevelopmental and lipid-related metabolism pathways. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a multi-scale characterization of the shared genetic architecture between MD and intrinsic brain functional connectome organization, revealing that shared genetic signals between MD and brain functional systems are distributed across multiple functional levels and converge at the molecular level.

Connectome↗
PubMed1990

Sharing of human leukocyte antigens in primary and secondary recurrent spontaneous abortions.

The prevalence of recurrent fetal loss and its relationship to sharing of human leukocyte antigens within couples was examined in a large, ethnically homogeneous Chinese population in Taiwan: 91 couples with primary recurrent spontaneous abortion, 32 couples with secondary recurrent spontaneous abortion, and 51 normal fertile couples. There was an excess of human leukocyte antigen sharing in both types of recurrent aborters. The primary aborters shared human leukocyte A and DQ antigens and three or more of the human leukocyte A, B, DR, and DQ antigens. The secondary aborters did not have an excess of sharing at any one locus but they did share three or more of the human leukocyte A, B, DR, and DQ antigens. There was no excess of antipaternal cytotoxic antibodies in any group of aborters, and the primary aborters had a lower level of mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking factor than normal couples or secondary aborters. Previous studies showed that couples in whom a gestational trophoblastic tumor developed in the woman shared human leukocyte B and DQ antigens and three or more of the human leukocyte A, B, DR, and DQ antigens. These studies provide substantial support for the role of recessive genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex in the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortions and of gestational trophoblastic tumors.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2000

Analytic analysis of the force sharing among synergistic muscles in one- and two-degree-of-freedom models.

Mathematical optimization of specific cost functions has been used in theoretical models to calculate individual muscle forces. Measurements of individual muscle forces and force sharing among individual muscles show an intensity-dependent, non-linear behavior. It has been demonstrated that the force sharing between the cat Gastrocnemius, Plantaris and Soleus shows distinct loops that change orientation systematically depending on the intensity of the movement. The purpose of this study was to prove whether or not static, non-linear optimization could inherently predict force sharing loops between agonistic muscles. Using joint moment data from a step cycle of cat locomotion, the forces in three cat ankle plantar flexors (Gastrocnemius, Plantaris and Soleus) were calculated using two popular optimization algorithms and two musculo-skeletal models. The two musculo-skeletal models included a one-degree-of-freedom model that considered the ankle joint exclusively and a two-degree-of-freedom model that included the ankle and the knee joint. The main conclusion of this study was that solutions of the one-degree-of-freedom model do not guarantee force-sharing loops, but the two-degree-of-freedom model predicts force-sharing loops independent of the specific values of the input parameters for the muscles and the musculo-skeletal geometry. The predicted force-sharing loops were found to be a direct result of the loops formed by the knee and ankle moments in a moment-moment graph.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

An initial assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing diabetes shared care system in Taiwan--some experiences from I-Lan County.

Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in Taiwan and the burden of suffering is still increasing. Building a comprehensive and efficient health care system is crucial to improve the outcome of the diabetics. We implemented the first diabetes shared care system of Taiwan in I-Lan County since August 1996 under the support of Department of Health, the Executive Yuan. This county-wide system was named 'Lan-Yang Diabetes Shared Care System' by the regional steering committee. Regional guidelines for diabetes management were developed after extensive discussion. A multidisciplinary diabetes care team was organized through a training and certification process. Registered patients held diabetes passports to keep clinical record. Physicians of the system use shared referral protocols and sheets. By the end of June 1999, 99 medical professionals had completed their training for diabetes shared care and been certified. The shared care system awarded 26 clinics to hang the lamp signs with the system logo to make them distinguishable. Such clinics have now been available throughout 12 townships in I-Lan County. The number of registered patients carrying diabetes passport increased to 3484 and there was a community-based patient group in every township of I-Lan County. The amount of continuing diabetes clinical training delivered by the specialists to the primary care physicians and non-physician professionals increased to 1681 person-hours per year. The proportion of registered patients undertaking fundus examination within 1 year increased to 30.9%, checking urine micro-albumin to 28.0% and checking HbA(1c) 72.8%, respectively. Mean HbA(1c) value decreased from 8.7% in the first year to 7.9% in the third year. Our study showed that under the co-ordination by regional health bureau with integration of different levels of medical facilities, governmental sectors and non-governmental community resources, the diabetes shared care model is feasible in Taiwan. Through its implementation, quality of regional diabetes care has achieved preliminary improvement.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1998

Shared learning for community based maternity care.

In order to ensure the best quality of maternity care midwives and doctors must work closely together but unfortunately the necessary interdisciplinary cooperation and respect has not always been present. This paper suggests that the benefits claimed for interprofessional education, which remain largely untested in maternity care, are being put forward as a panacea for earlier difficulties. It outlines some of the initiatives currently taking place. Material ripe for shared learning is identified and it is suggested that shared teaching in addition to shared learning for midwifery and medical students and for midwives and doctors should be the norm. Learners may then eventually provide shared care based on both their shared learning experiences and also on the role model of shared teaching. Such a major change would require considerable political will, including a shift in funding. There is some evidence that the necessary political will is developing and this may be given more emphasis by the need for teaching to follow care as the NHS becomes more primary-care led.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1997

Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean? (or it takes at least two to tango).

Shared decision-making is increasingly advocated as an ideal model of treatment decision-making in the medical encounter. To date, the concept has been rather poorly and loosely defined. This paper attempts to provide greater conceptual clarity about shared treatment decision-making, identify some key characteristics of this model, and discuss measurement issues. The particular decision-making context that we focus on is potentially life threatening illnesses, where there are important decisions to be made at key points in the disease process, and several treatment options exist with different possible outcomes and substantial uncertainty. We suggest as key characteristics of shared decision-making (1) that at least two participants-physician and patient be involved; (2) that both parties share information; (3) that both parties take steps to build a consensus about the preferred treatment; and (4) that an agreement is reached on the treatment to implement. Some challenges to measuring shared decision-making are discussed as well as potential benefits of a shared decision-making model for both physicians and patients.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2000

Doctor-patient communication about drugs: the evidence for shared decision making.

The traditional paternalistic model of medical decision-making, in which doctors make decisions on behalf of their patients, has increasingly come to be seen as outdated. Moreover, the role of the patient in the consultation has been emphasised, notably through the adoption of 'patient-centred' strategies. Models that promote patients' active involvement in the decision-making process about treatment have been developed. We examine one particular model of shared decision making [Charles, C., Gafni, A., Whelan, T, 1997. Shared decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it mean? (or it takes at least two to tango). Social Science & Medicine 44, 681-692.]. The model has four main characteristics. These are that (1) both the patient and the doctor are involved, (2) both parties share information, (3) both parties take steps to build a consensus about the preferred treatment and (4) an agreement is reached on the treatment to implement. Focusing on the first two of the four characteristics of the model, we use the findings from a study of 62 consultations, together with interviews conducted with patients and general practitioners, to consider participation in the consultation in terms of sharing information about, and views of, medicines. We found little evidence that doctors and patients both participate in the consultation in this way. As a consequence there was no basis upon which to build a consensus about the preferred treatment and reach an agreement on which treatment to implement. Thus even the first two of the four conditions said to be necessary for shared decision making were not generally present in the consultations we studied. These findings were presented in feedback sessions with participating GPs, who identified a number of barriers to shared decision making, as well as expressing an interest in developing strategies to overcome these barriers.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1999

Increased infant axillary temperatures in non-REM sleep during mother-infant bed-sharing.

This study addressed the effect of mother-infant bed-sharing on infant body temperature and possible mediating mechanisms. Axillary temperatures were recorded for the entire night in 26 infants on both a bed-sharing night and a solitary sleeping night, accompanied by polysomnography and video-taping to allow assignment of sleep stages and behavioral analysis. All infants were approximately 3 months old, healthy, Latino and breast-feeding; 16 of the infants bed-shared since birth while the others routinely slept alone. Bed-sharing was associated with a significantly increased mean axillary temperature compared to solitary sleeping in both routine bed sharers and routine solitary sleepers. This increase was expressed only in non-REM sleep, with no differences during REM sleep or waking. The increase in temperature during bed-sharing may be related to an increased frequency of transient, movement-associated arousals during bed-sharing.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Understanding and sharing intentions: the origins of cultural cognition.

We propose that the crucial difference between human cognition and that of other species is the ability to participate with others in collaborative activities with shared goals and intentions: shared intentionality. Participation in such activities requires not only especially powerful forms of intention reading and cultural learning, but also a unique motivation to share psychological states with others and unique forms of cognitive representation for doing so. The result of participating in these activities is species-unique forms of cultural cognition and evolution, enabling everything from the creation and use of linguistic symbols to the construction of social norms and individual beliefs to the establishment of social institutions. In support of this proposal we argue and present evidence that great apes (and some children with autism) understand the basics of intentional action, but they still do not participate in activities involving joint intentions and attention (shared intentionality). Human children's skills of shared intentionality develop gradually during the first 14 months of life as two ontogenetic pathways intertwine: (1) the general ape line of understanding others as animate, goal-directed, and intentional agents; and (2) a species-unique motivation to share emotions, experience, and activities with other persons. The developmental outcome is children's ability to construct dialogic cognitive representations, which enable them to participate in earnest in the collectivity that is human cognition.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Age, attention, expertise, and time-sharing performance.

Time-sharing efficiency and resource allocation from a group of pilots with expertise in time-sharing and a group of nonpilots (ages 20-79 years) were examined. Participants performed 5 dual tasks that represented different degrees of structural similarity as characterized by the structure-specific resource model. Age, expertise, and structural similarity were found to interactively affect time-sharing performance through attentional resources. Age-related deficits in time-sharing were evident under conditions of intense attentional demands and when precise control was required. Modest expertise modulation of the age effects is likely to increase with more domain-specific time-sharing. The structure-specific resource model provided a useful framework for interpreting the relationship between aging and time-sharing performance.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Shared genetic architecture and neurobiological pathways of problematic alcohol use and anxiety disorders.

Problematic alcohol use (PAU) and anxiety disorders (ANX) frequently co-occur, implying shared genetic and neurobiological foundations. However, the directionality of potential causal relationships and the specific mechanisms underlying the overlap remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the shared genetic architecture and neurobiological pathways between PAU and ANX using a multimethod genomic approach. We analyzed summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PAU and ANX using Mendelian Randomization to assess causal associations between ANX and PAU. We used MiXeR to assess the overall shared genomic architecture, Local Analysis of (co)Variant Association to estimate regional genetic correlations, and conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) to identify individual overlapping loci. We used FUMA to map single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to independent loci, conduct differential gene expression analyses across 30 general and 54 specific tissue types, and perform cell-type specificity analyses using a human brain cell atlas. Druggability of identified targets was also evaluated. Mendelian Randomization analyses indicated bidirectional causal associations between ANX and PAU. MiXeR identified moderate polygenic overlap (52.5%) and genetic correlation (rg = 0.44) between the traits, with high effect direction concordance among shared estimated causal variants (86.4%). ConjFDR identified 97 shared lead SNPs, of which 89 had concordant and 8 discordant effects on PAU and ANX. These loci mapped to 97 genes, including DRD2 and PDE4B, genes linked to dopaminergic and cAMP signaling pathways, respectively. Concordant gene expression was enriched in brain, nerve, adrenal gland, esophagus, stomach, and colon, with enriched expression specifically in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra and amygdala. FUMA cell-type enrichment analysis identified associations predominantly in neurons from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. We found substantial genetic and neurobiological overlap between PAU and ANX, highlighting reciprocal, causal relationships between the traits, with differentially expressed genes enriched in addiction- and anxiety-relevant brain regions. These findings support shared genetic and neurobiological mechanisms linking PAU and ANX, while acknowledging that some signals may reflect broader internalizing or psychiatric liability.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Is 'shared decision-making' feasible in consultations for upper respiratory tract infections? Assessing the influence of antibiotic expectations using discourse analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the discourse of consultations in which conflict occurs between parents and clinicians about the necessity of antibiotics to treat an upper respiratory tract infection. To appraise the feasibility of shared decision-making in such consultations. DESIGN: A qualitative study using discourse analysis techniques. SETTING: A general practice with 12 500 patients in an urban area of Cardiff, Wales. PARTICIPANTS: Two consultations were purposively selected from a number of audiotaped sessions. The consultations took place during normal clinics in which appointments are booked at 7-minute intervals. The practitioner is known to be interested in involving patients in treatment decisions. METHOD: Discourse analysis was employed to examine the consultation transcripts. This analysis was then compared with the theoretical competencies proposed for 'shared decision-making'. RESULTS: The consultations exhibit less rational strategies than those suggested by the shared decision-making model. Strong parental views are expressed (overtly and covertly) which seem derived from prior experiences of similar illnesses and prescribing behaviours. The clinician responds by emphasizing the 'normality' of upper respiratory tract infections and their recurrence, accompanied by expressions that antibiotic treatment is ineffective in 'viral' illness - the suggested diagnosis. The competencies of 'shared decision-making' are not exhibited. CONCLUSIONS: The current understanding of shared decision-making needs to be developed for those situations where there are dis-agreements due to the strongly held views of the participants. Clinicians have limited strategies in situations where patient treatment preferences are opposed to professional views. Dispelling 'misconceptions' by sharing information and negotiating agreed management plans are recommended. But it seems that communication skills, information content and consultation length have to receive attention if such strategies are to be employed successfully.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Bed sharing patterns in a cohort of Australian infants during the first six months after birth.

OBJECTIVE: To measure bed sharing (BS) activity in healthy term infants. METHODOLOGY: The sleep-wake behaviour and place of infant sleep were recorded for infants aged between 2 and 24 weeks. Infants were then identified as BS or non bed sharing (NBS) according to each of four different definitions of bed sharing. RESULTS: The mean proportion of infants who spent any time BS during a 24-h period was significantly greater (P < 0.05) between 2 and 12 weeks (40.9 +/- 1. 4%) than between 13 and 24 weeks (36.5 +/- 1.5%). A significantly greater proportion (P < 0.005) of infants bed shared for more than 2 h (25 +/- 1%) than for either 1-2 h (10.5 +/- 1.1%) or for less than 1 h/24 h (3.2 +/- 0.5%) during the whole study period. Each of the definitions of BS used in the study separated infants on the basis of the amount and frequency of BS activity. CONCLUSION: : Bed sharing activity was common and varied in this cohort. It was possible, using quantitative definitions, to identify those infants who routinely bed share.

Australia↗