Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SENSATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Forehead skin temperature and thermal sensation during exercise in cool and thermoneutral environments.

BACKGROUND: The influence of forehead and mean skin temperature on thermal sensation during exercise in hot, cool, and thermoneutral environments is unclear. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that forehead temperature, in contrast to other skin sites, would contribute significantly to thermal sensation during exercise in hot, cool, and thermoneutral environments. METHOD: Volunteer males (N = 14) performed 30 min of constant load exercise on a cycle ergometer during which thermal sensation, skin and rectal temperatures, and heart rate were collected. Each subject participated in a control (24 degrees C), hot (40 degrees C), and cool (8 degrees C) condition. RESULTS: Significantly higher mean skin temperatures occurred during exercise in the hot condition (M = 37.22 +/- 0.20 degrees C) compared to exercise in the neutral (M = 33.34 +/- 0.51 degrees C) and cool conditions (M = 27.92 +/- 0.22 degrees C). Forehead skin temperature in the neutral and cool conditions was significantly greater than forearm, hand, thigh, and calf skin temperatures (p < 0.05). In the hot condition, forehead temperature was significantly greater than back, chest, upper arm, and hand skin temperatures (p < 0.05). In contrast to the neutral and hot conditions, forehead skin temperature was significantly associated with thermal sensation during exercise in the cool condition (r consistently > 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that forehead skin temperature, in contrast to other skin sites, contributed significantly to thermal sensation during exercise in the cool.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Role of intestinal chemoreception in the induction of gastrointestinal sensations.

Both distension of the stomach and activation of small intestinal chemoreceptors by nutrients have been implicated in the induction of postprandial sensations. Studies were performed in healthy human subjects to investigate the roles of gastric distension and activation or inhibition of small intestinal chemoreceptors in the generation of pleasant (fullness) and unpleasant (nausea, pain) gastrointestinal sensations. The proximal stomach was distended by inflating a balloon attached to a gastric tube with air, while the duodenum was perfused with nutrient solutions, either lipid or carbohydrates. In additional experiments, the upper small intestinal mucosa was anaesthetised by topical anaesthesia or an antagonist to cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptors given intravenously during duodenal lipid infusion. Gastric distension induced sensations of epigastric pressure and pain, while during duodenal infusion of both carbohydrate and lipid, fullness was described as a more meal-like sensation. In addition, lipid but not carbohydrate infusion resulted in significant nausea. The sensory experience evoked by lipid was diminished by both topical mucosal anaesthesia and CCK-A receptor blockade. The data provide evidence for the involvement of small intestinal chemoreceptors in the modulation of sensations induced by gastric distension.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Globus sensation: pharyngoesophageal function, psychometric and psychiatric findings, and follow-up in 88 patients.

BACKGROUND: The globus sensation has been widely regarded as psychogenic, but organic disorders were found to be etiologically significant. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the structural, functional, psychological, and psychiatric factors possibly eliciting the globus sensation and influencing its course. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients, 67 women and 21 men (aged 22-71 years), referred to 2 tertiary care centers underwent history taking, otolaryngological examination, pharyngoesophageal videofluoroscopy and manometry, psychosocial evaluation, psychometric tests, psychiatric interview, and when indicated, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, esophageal bolus transport, gastroesophageal reflux, and gastric emptying studies. According to revealed disorders, therapy was initiated, and the outcome was studied. RESULTS: Only 15 patients had normal pharyngoesophageal function; of these 15, 6 had chronic tonsillitis or pharyngitis, 3 had thyroid adenomata, 4 had cervical spondylosis, and 1 each had dry oropharyngeal mucosa and chronic bronchitis. Of the other 73 patients, 2 had pharyngeal dysfunction, 24 had achalasia, 1 had diffuse esophageal spasms, 3 had "nutcracker esophagus," 30 had nonspecific esophageal motor disorders, and 13 had gastroesophageal reflux. Psychometry revealed no more anxiety and depression than in general medical outpatients. Of 58 patients interviewed, 37 met criteria for psychiatric disorders. Psychometric scores and psychiatric characteristics were unrelated to the sensation's course. Therapy was recommended, but only 26 patients were treated accordingly; 22 received nonspecific treatment. Follow-up 3 to 59 months later revealed that the sensation had vanished in 13 patients who had received specific treatment, 5 who had received nonspecific treatment, and 6 who had received no treatment; it was alleviated in 10 who had received specific treatment, 13 who had received nonspecific treatment, and 9 who had received no treatment; and it was unchanged in 3 who had received specific treatment, 5 who had received nonspecific treatment, and 23 patients who had received no treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Pharyngoesophageal disorders may be sensed only vaguely, inducing the globus sensation. Psychological and psychiatric characteristics could be relevant to the discomfort experienced but are unlikely to be etiologically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sensation-seeking congruence in couples as a determinant of marital adjustment: a partial replication and extension.

The present study is a replication of an earlier one. There were 30 dysfunctional couples and 30 control couples matched with the clinic couples on age and education. Both partners independently took the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and the Locke Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (MAQ). Control couples were significantly higher on the MAQ (better marital adjustment). Correlations between partners in the control couples were higher than those between partners in the dysfunctional couples on the SSS Total and Boredom Susceptibility scales, which replicated previous findings. Female partners of males who scored high on the SSS were more likely to initiate the contact for treatment than partners of low male sensation seekers. Female partners of low male sensation seekers and the low males themselves tended to report that sex between them was only tolerable or "disgusting," whereas female partners of high sensation seekers and their mates tended to report sex as pleasurable and apparently sought therapy for other reasons. Congruence on sensation seeking is an important factor in marital adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Recovery of sensation in replanted digits--time of recovery and degree of two-point discrimination.

Even if good motor function returns in a replanted digit, if no useful sensation returns, the digit cannot be considered fully functional. In such cases sensory reconstruction with nerve grafts may be necessary, but it is difficult to determine the optimal time for such surgery. Therefore, we studied 37 replanted digits in which the palmar digital nerves had been severed bilaterally and anastomosed at the replantation procedure. Our findings indicate a correlation between the time at which sensation returned to the digits and the degree of two-point discrimination (2PD) that returned. In digits in which sensation returned less than four months after replantation, a 2PD of less than 15 mm returned in more than 50% of cases, but when more than four months passed before the return of sensation, a useful degree of 2PD seldom returned. We believe, therefore, that if the recovery of sensation in a replanted digit has not been satisfactory by four months after replantation, reconstructive surgery should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A figurative measure of subjective hunger sensations.

In an attempt to better characterize the subjective experience of hunger, we assessed the locus and extent of sensations associated with varying degrees of hunger. In the first study, 83 subjects indicated by marking on a drawing of a human figure where they felt hungry under hypothetical conditions of slight to extreme hunger. Approximately 55% of subjects indicated an abdominal locus with slight hunger, a proportion which increased somewhat with increasing levels of imagined hunger. The proportion of subjects indicating other or additional body sites grew significantly with increasing hunger states; for example, those identifying the head region increased from about 10-35%. In a second study, 14 subjects were fasted for 22 h and then refed. Using the drawn figures, they outlined body areas where they experienced hunger during and after fasting. The size of the abdominal area and the total body area associated with hunger sensations expanded with increasing food deprivation and contracted after refeeding. The size of the area of hunger sensation did not necessarily correlate with the degree of hunger as assessed by standard rating scales. The results indicate that the extent and locus of hunger sensations vary with fasting and feeding, and suggest that the site and size of the body areas associated with hunger sensations may provide qualitative and quantitative measures of the subjective experience of hunger not captured by analogue rating scales.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Habitation and recovery of vascular responses in calf and forearm and of the level of pain sensation during the cold pressor test in man.

Forearm and calf blood flow were measured using a mercury-in-silastic gauge during immersion of one foot in water at 4 degrees C. The subjects were asked to assess the level of pain on a scale 0-10. The effects of one session of repeated immersions on the vascular response in the calf, forearm and on subjective pain sensation were studied. In 6 of the 14 subjects vasodilatation was elicited in both forearm and calf during the first immersion. During the first session the vasodilation diminished, while subjective pain sensation remained at the level of 7 on the scale. In 4 subjects vasoconstriction in both calf and forearm occurred during the first immersion. During repeated immersions forearm vasoconstriction subsided, while in the calf it remained at the same level. The level of the subjective pain sensation diminished from 7.5 to 5 in 1 subject. Repeated immersions in six to ten daily sessions led to reduction of vasodilatation in calf and forearm while there was a small change in the pain sensation, i.e. reduction from the level of 6.9 to 5.7 (P less than 0.01). In subjects in whom vasoconstriction in forearm and calf was observed no clear trend in vascular responses was observed during the repeated daily sessions while the pain sensation in 1 subject was reduced from 6 to 4.8. In 3 subjects the change of vascular responses was different in the forearm and calf.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sensation seeking in opposite-sex twins: an effect of prenatal hormones?

Intrauterine hormones and position with respect to male and female littermates influence sexually dimorphic adult behavior in litter-bearing animals. Opposite-sex dizygotic twins offer the opportunity to examine analogous effects on sex-related human behaviors. To illustrate this approach, Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) scores from 422 British twin pairs, including 51 opposite-sex pairs (Zuckerman, M., et al., J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 46:139-149, 1978), were reanalyzed. Zuckerman et al. (1978) have shown that some aspects of sensation seeking are consistently increased in males relative to females. In comparing age-adjusted data for opposite and same-sex twins, our reanalysis demonstrated the predicted increase in sensation seeking in female members of opposite-sex pairs. Results were significant for measures of disinhibition, experience seeking, and overall sensation seeking. In contrast, male opposite-sex twins were not significantly different from male same-sex twins. Although psychosocial explanations of the increased sensation seeking in opposite-sex female twins cannot be excluded, these finding are consistent with hypothesized in utero hormonal influences on later behavioral development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Sensation seeking in homosexual and heterosexual males.

The study was designed to test the relationship between the personality trait of sensation seeking and homosexuality. Previous studies had shown a relationship between the trait and variety of heterosexual activity but had not shown a relationship to homosexual behavior. This study compared 19 male homosexuals associated with a gay club in a university, 16 control students belonging to a social club at the same university, 13 members of a gay church group, and 19 members of a nongay church group on conservative vs. liberal attitudes toward religion and politics, attitudes toward homosexuality, heterosexual and homosexual experience scales, and the sensation seeking scales. The control (nongay) church group had more conservative attitudes, less heterosexual experience, and lower sensation scores than the other groups. But the control university group did not differ from the gay university group on any of the sensation seeking scales and differed from the gay church group on only one of the subscales. However, the gay university group was also higher than the gay church group on this subscale, so the difference was probably a function of the younger ages of the university groups than the gay church group. It is concluded that male homosexuals, as a general group, do not differ from heterosexuals on the sensation seeking trait, although the trait might be related to variety of homosexual behavior and partners, just as it is to variety of heterosexual experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Increasing pain sensation to repeated esophageal balloon distension in patients with chest pain of undetermined etiology.

Previous studies have demonstrated lowered sensory thresholds to esophageal balloon distension in patients with chest pain of undetermined etiology. Whether this finding is specific to patients with chest pain or is simply related to an underlying esophageal motility disorder is unclear. In the present study, distension-induced pain-sensation scores and the effect of repeated balloon distension were compared in patients with chest pain, dysphagia secondary to esophageal dysmotility, and healthy controls. All subjects underwent standard esophageal manometry followed by mid-esophageal balloon distension. Volumes 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 ml (each volume repeated three times) were applied in random order in a single-blind fashion, and the pain-sensation score was recorded after each distension. Pain-sensation scores varied directly with balloon volume. Mean pain scores were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the chest pain group than in either the controls or dysphagia group. There was no significant difference between controls and the dysphagia group, and the motor response to distension was no different between groups. In the controls and dysphagia groups, pain-sensation score was not significantly different between the first, second, or third distension at a given volume. However, in the chest pain group, pain-sensation scores increased significantly with the second (P = 0.004) or third (P = 0.002) distension using the same balloon volume. These studies suggest that abnormal esophageal nociception in patients with chest pain of undetermined etiology is not simply related to underlying esophageal motor dysfunction. In addition, chest pain patients display a conditioning phenomenon, further supporting the presence of a visceral sensory abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Thermoreceptor mediated bladder sensation in patients with diabetic cystopathy.

Urinary bladder sensation to ice water instillation was evaluated in 32 patients with diabetes mellitus. Sixteen patients were urodynamically normal (group 1) and the remaining 16 were diagnosed as having diabetic cystopathy (group 2). Eleven out of 16 patients in group 2 could be considered as having impairment of sensation to urinate. Two out of 16 (12.5%) subjects in group 1 could not perceive ice water infusion, whereas 25% of patients in group 2 did not feel the ice water sensation. In group 2, patients with impaired urinary sensation showed relatively high incidence of negative ice water test (36.4%), although there were no statistical differences between the other groups. There was no apparent relationship between prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and that of negative ice water test. Impairment of ice water perception was less frequent than that of mechanoreceptor sensation in patients with diabetic cystopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Effect of electrical stimulation in constipated patients with impaired rectal sensation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A subgroup of constipated patients complain of absent or diminished sense of wanting to defecate, suggesting that one of the causes of constipation is impaired rectal sensation. Electrical stimulation therapy (EST) has recently been used to treat patients with urinary and/or fecal incontinence. This study evaluated the efficacy of EST in constipated patients, especially those with impaired rectal sensation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of the 130 patients with functional constipation as defined by Rome II criteria, 22 patients who had impaired rectal sensation (rectal desire threshold volume > or =90 ml) on an anorectal manometry were selected. We treated 12 with EST and 10 with biofeedback therapy (BFT) according to a randomized order. RESULTS: Overall symptoms of patients significantly improved after each therapy in both groups. Interestingly, frequency of sense of wanting to defecate improved only after EST. On objective findings there was significant improvement in anal residual pressures on attempted defecation only after BFT solely. On the other hand, rectal sensory threshold volumes for desire and urge to defecate and maximal tolerated volume improved significantly only in the EST group. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the efficacy of EST can be comparable to BFT in a subgroup of constipated patients, especially those with impaired rectal sensation. EST might be considered as an adjunctive therapeutic modality for the management of functional constipation with impaired rectal sensation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The effects of facial fanning on thermal comfort sensation during hyperthermia.

We studied how facial fanning during hyperthermia improves the thermal comfort sensation. Experiments were carried out on ten male subjects. They were immersed in hot water at 40 degrees C for 45 min. At 20 min and 35 min, fanning (1 m x s(-1)) was applied to their faces for 5 min. Core temperature (Tc) measured as esophageal temperature (Tes) and tympanic temperature (Tty) continued to rise during the immersion, but temporarily decreased during fanning with a delay of 2 or 3 min. Skin temperatures (Ts) on the forehead and cheek continued to increase slightly during immersion, but decreased immediately after the start of fanning. During immersion before face fanning, the time trend of thermal sensation towards the warm level was similar to that of skin temperature on the face, whereas the time trend of thermal comfort ratings towards the uncomfortable level was similar to that of Tc. The scores of both thermal sensation and thermal comfort were reduced significantly immediately after the start of fanning, and their time courses were different to those of Ts and Tty. These results support previous reports that thermal sensation depends on skin temperature, and that thermal comfort depends on both the skin and core temperatures. Moreover, they indicate that both thermal sensation and comfort ratings are affected by the dynamic responses of the cutaneous thermoreceptors when fanning is applied to the face during hyperthermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Corneal sensation in Adie's syndrome.

Using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, we evaluated the corneal sensation of 11 patients with unilateral Adie's tonic pupil. We eliminated six other patients with bilateral Adie's pupil or disease that lowered corneal sensation. An observed unfamiliar with each patient's condition tested 12 clock hour positions in the midperiphery in both eyes of all patients. We studied 30 normal subjects (60 eyes) in a similar fashion. Of those 11 patients with unilateral Adie's syndrome, ten had a regional decrease in corneal sensation. The 30 normal subjects examined did not exhibit any significant decrease in corneal sensation in any areas. Our study supports the concept that the lesion of Adie's tonic pupil is in the ciliary ganglion or short location where the innervation of the iris sphincter and corneal sensation are found together.

Adie Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Supraspinal influences on nociceptive flexion reflex and pain sensation in man.

The sensation of pain and the nociceptive flexion reflex of the biceps femoris muscle (RIII, Bi) elicited by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral sural nerve were studied in human during 4 conditions: (1) a mental task; (2) a stress; (3) during noxious stimulation of the contralateral ulnar nerve; (4) after an intense noxious stimulation of the sural nerve itself. An inhibition of both pain sensation and RIII, Bi was observed in (1), while a facilitation of these parameters was noted in (2). In contrast, no change in RIII, Bi occurred in (3) while the pain sensation was inhibited. In (4), just after the noxious stimulation, there was a marked facilitation of RIII, Bi associated with increased pain sensation. However, 10--12 sec later, the pain sensation returned to its control values, while the RIII, Bi reflex was still facilitated. The latter recovered to its control values 28--30 sec later. These results show the possibility of a dissociation between afferent ascending nociceptive messages and nociceptive motor activity (in 3 and 4). They suggest that supraspinal descending influences can act differently on spinal dorsal horn neurons in the case of pain ascending volleys, and in the case of spinal nociceptive motor activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Inverse relationship between sensation of effort and muscular force during recovery from pure motor hemiplegia: a single-case study.

A 39-year-old patient with a right pure motor hemiplegia, who complained of a striking sensation of effort when he performed a movement, was regularly examined during 4 months. The effort sensation and the force recovery have been measured during the execution of upper limb movements: shoulder antepulsion up to horizontal, supined elbow flexion up to horizontal and full hand digital grip. The subject was asked to realize a movement with the paretic arm and to concentrate on the felt effort; then he had to perform the same movement against a resistance with the healthy arm, until the perceived heaviness matched the effort sensation felt on the other side. Recovery of force and evolution of effort sensation did not follow linear trends over time. The curves displayed significant steps and plateaus, which were mainly observed for the proximal movements. The steps tended to be clustered within a few days, consistent with crucial periods in the restoration process. Within these, significant reduction of the effort sensation and increase of the force were together observed. These critical moments of the motor recovery could be analyzed as the result of an improvement of the neural traffic in the internal capsule and an activation of specific structures involved in the representation of the force and effort.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

ERP augmenting/reducing and sensation seeking: a critical review.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are generally considered capable of throwing light on the biological basis of personality traits. In particular, the ERP augmenting/reducing (A/R) phenomenon has been consistently associated with personality dimensions such as sensation seeking or impulsivity. However, doubts have been expressed regarding the validity of published evidence that individuals scoring high as sensation seekers are ERP augmenters. Reports of A/R-sensation seeking correlation in the opposite direction (in keeping with Petrie's hypotheses) threaten the construct validity of A/R, and lack of intermodal consistency throws serious doubts upon the existence of the central input-regulating mechanism once thought to be associated with sensation seeking. With the aim of clarification this article reviews the literature on the relationship between ERP A/R and sensation seeking, discusses the chief problems confronted by research in this area, and makes suggestions for future studies. It is concluded that experimental conditions of stimulus intensity and inter-stimulus interval may have played a part in the inconsistencies. The need to use a variety of measures of sensation seeking is stressed, and a number of other recommendations for research in this field are made.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1989

The effects of alcohol, expectancy, and sensation seeking on driving risk taking.

Using a cover story of the effects of alcohol on perceptual and motor abilities, two levels of alcohol consumed (moderate and none), two levels of alcohol expectancy (moderate and none), and two levels of sensation seeking (high and low) were combined to determine their effect on risk taking in a driving simulator. Ninety-six subjects were randomly assigned to eight conditions. Dependent variables were lane changes-cars passed and time at maximum speed. Results on lane-changes-cars passed indicated greater risk-taking in driving by high sensation seekers. Interaction of alcohol expectancy and sensation seeking indicated high sensation seekers took more risks when they believed they had consumed alcohol. Low sensation seekers became more cautious in driving when they believed they had consumed alcohol. Alcohol consumed did not produce a significant main effect or interaction.

Adult↗