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Results for “SACRAL PLEXUS”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The extrinsic innervation of the pelvic organs in the female rat.

The extrinsic innervation of the pelvic organs in neonatal and adult female rats is described. Mainly an in toto acetylcholinesterase method is used; moreover, acetylcholinesterase is demonstrated in sections. The hypogastric plexus is defined as the nerve plexuses caudal to the inferior mesenteric ganglia comprising the uterine cervical ganglia and various smaller ganglia. The origin of the hypogastric plexus is formed by the hypogastric nerves, bundles of nerve fibers from the lumbar and cranial part of the sacral sympathetic trunks, bundles of nerve fibers from the inferior mesenteric ganglia and the pelvic nerves. The origin of the caudal part of the hypogastric plexus is also constituted by the pudendal nerves. The uterine nerves are derived from the ovarian nerves, the uterine cervical ganglia, the hypogastric nerves and the lumbar sympathetic trunks. The nerves to the urinary bladder are derived from the ganglionated nerve plexuses in the mesometrium as well as from the uterine cervical ganglia. The vaginal nerves are derived from the uterine cervical ganglia, the ganglionated nerve plexus in the mesometrium and the pudendal nerve. The rectal nerves are derived from the ganglionated inferior mesenteric plexus, the uterine cervical ganglia and the pudendal nerves. The hypogastric plexus in the rat is in many respects more complex than is known from the literature. These anatomical data are relevant for instance to experimentators who use the pelvic autonomic plexuses in the rat as a model system for the analysis of autonomic neuronal regulation systems in mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Three pathways between the sacroiliac joint and neural structures.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite ongoing clinical suspicion regarding the relationship between sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction and lower extremity symptoms, there is a paucity of scientific literature addressing this topic. The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of contrast extravasation during SIJ arthrography and postarthrography CT in patients with lower back pain and to determine whether there are pathways of communication between the SIJ and nearby neural structures. METHODS: Fluoroscopically guided SIJ arthrography was performed on 76 SIJs. After the injection of contrast medium, anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs as well as 5-mm contiguous axial and direct coronal CT images were obtained. Contrast extravasation patterns were recorded for each joint. These observations included a search for contrast extravasation from the SIJ that contacted nearby lumbosacral nerve roots or structures of the plexus. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of all joints studied revealed one of five contrast extravasation patterns. Three of these observed patterns show a pathway of communication between the SIJ and nearby neural structures. These included posterior extravasation into the dorsal sacral foramina, superior recess extravasation at the sacral alar level to the fifth lumbar epiradicular sheath, and ventral extravasation to the lumbosacral plexus. CONCLUSION: Three pathways between the SIJ and neural structures exist.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Histologic identification of the afferent fibers of the pelvic plexus].

The inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus conveys two types of fibres: sympathetic fibres originating in the thoracolumbar sympathetic chain and parasympathetic fibers originating in the sacral anterior rami. By using a histofluorescent stain (glyoxalic acid) and a histochemical stain (thiocholine) in 17 fresh cadavres, we have demonstrated that the sympathetic fibres arise from sacral sympathetic ganglia. These fibres participate in the constitution of the pelvic splanchnic nerves. In this study, we confirm that the inferior roots of the pelvic plexus are not only parasympathetic, but also sympathetic.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1990

Superior hypogastric plexus block for pelvic cancer pain.

Blockade of the superior hypogastric nerve plexus was performed for relief of chronic cancer related pelvic pain. The targeted sympathetic nerves lie anterior to the sacral promontory. Twenty-eight patients with neoplastic involvement of pelvic viscera secondary to cervical, prostate, and testicular cancer or radiation injury were treated with neurolytic superior hypogastric plexus block. Sympathetically mediated pain was significantly reduced or eliminated in all cases and no serious complications occurred. Superior hypogastric plexus block is recommended for diagnostic/prognostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with chronic pelvic pain, particularly when pain is of neoplastic origin.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2004

Intrapreputial infection of young bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BHV-1.2): acute balanoposthitis, latent infection and detection of viral DNA in regional neural and non-neural tissues 50 days after experimental reactivation.

Venereal infection of bulls with bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 (BHV-1.2) may result in acute balanoposthitis followed by the establishment of latent infection, presumably in dorsal root nerve ganglia. We herein report the characterization of the acute and latent infection of young bulls with a Brazilian BHV-1.2 isolate and the investigation of neural and non-neural sites in which viral DNA persists during latent infection, i.e. 110 days after inoculation and 50 days after experimental reactivation. Intrapreputial inoculation of BHV-1.2 isolate SV-56/90 (10(6.5)pfu per animal) resulted in severe balanoposthitis, characterized by redness of the penis and preputial mucosa, coalescent vesicles and fibrinous exsudate in all four infected bulls. Virus shedding was detected in preputial secretions and semen up to days 14 and 13 pi, respectively. Dexamethasone administration at day 60 pi led to reactivation of the infection in all animals, resulting in virus shedding in preputial secretions and/or in semen. At day 50 post-reactivation (pr), the animals were euthanized and regional tissues were collected for PCR and virus isolation. Viral DNA was consistently detected in the dorsal root ganglia of nerves genito-femoral (4/4) and obturator (4/4); frequently in the pudendal (3/4), sciatic (3/4) and rectal caudal nerve ganglia (2/3). In addition, viral DNA was detected in the pelvic sympathetic plexus of one bull and in regional lymph nodes (deep inguinal (2/4); sacral (1/4); medial iliac (1/4)) of two bulls. No infectious virus could be recovered from homogenates of DNA positive tissues, indicating the absence of actively replicating virus. These results demonstrate that BHV-1.2 DNA may persist in several sacral nerve ganglia and in regional lymph nodes as well during latent infection, i.e. 50 days after experimental reactivation. These findings may help in understanding the pathogenesis of acute and latent genital infection by BHV-1.2.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Urodynamic features of pelvic plexus injury.

Benign and malignant neoplasms arising in and around the pelvic structures may cause urinary obstruction by mechanical compression of the bladder or proximal urethra. These neoplasms less commonly cause neurogenic voiding dysfunction. Herein we describe the urodynamic abnormalities in a young man with massive involvement of the true pelvis with choriocarcinoma. Destruction of the pelvic plexus produced deficits of parasympathetic, sympathetic and somatic innervation of the bladder and urethra. The value of urodynamic evaluation as a neurologic test of thoracolumbar and sacral cord function is demonstrated.

Adolescent↗