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Mutagenicity testing of a rodenticide, zinctox (zinc phosphide) in a mouse in vivo system.

The genotoxic potential of zinctox (zinc phosphide) was evaluated in mice in vivo employing different bioassays: bone marrow chromosome aberration, micronucleus and sperm shape abnormality. A significant increase of chromosome aberrations was induced by three doses. Interestingly, the highest percentage was induced by the middle dose. In a route-responsive study the highest percentage of chromosome aberration was induced by the oral route. A dose-dependent increase in the incidence of micronuclei was noticed in the bone marrow cells. In the sperm shape abnormality test a high percentage of abnormal sperm was induced by all three dose levels. The results revealed the genotoxic potential of zinctox in the tested mouse in vivo system.

Animals↗

[A fatal hemorrhagic condition after rodenticide ingestion].

The authors describe a fatal haemorrhagic condition in a 53-year-old man which developed after assumed ingestion of so-called "superwarfarins". Symptoms of intoxication with substances of the warfarin type include the sudden development of haemorrhagic diathesis, marked prolongation of INR and APTT with persisting pathological values of these tests after the usual substitution doses of vitamin K1. The fluctuation of INR and APTT values during repeated examinations is also striking. In the event of such a coagulation finding it is important to consider possible superwarfarin intoxication, even if it is difficult to provide direct evidence, as it is not possible to assess the ratio of vitamin K1 and K 1, 2, 3 epoxide.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗

[The efficacy of Salmocumarín rodenticide in livestock-raising and urban sites].

The activity in burrows at four different sites was calculated, and it went from 80 to 98% during pretreatment. For the first time in our country, average values of days/deaths of synanthropic rodents in natural conditions were obtained, and the reached values were between 16.50 and 19.06 after applying the biorodenticide. In the statistical analysis, a significant difference was found in the set of objectives related with days/deaths averages (H = 8.60*; p < 0.05). Moreover, no significant differences were found in percentages of residual activity in burrows (G = 8,27; p < 0.05). Results obtained show that Salmocumarín biorodenticide is much more effective in places where great populations of this species of cosmopolitan rodents exist.

Animal Husbandry↗

Statute and legislative history of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and its impact on agriculture.

This report discusses the responsibilities of government for the legislation of pesticides, and describes the impact of various statutes on the use of pesticides in agriculture. Governmental responsibilities for management of the economy, education, and enactment of laws and regulations are discussed, and the history of U.S. legislation of pesticides and related substances is presented. Finally, the impact of pesticide regulation on international trade is considered.

History, 20th Century↗